CARDIO PULMONARY

RESUSCITATION
BY NOMSO
INTRODUCTION
• Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is a lifesaving technique used in
many emergencies, including heart attack or drowning in which
someone’s heartbeat or breathing has stopped

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DEFINITION
• CPR is a technique of basic life support for oxygenating the brain and
heart until appropriate medical treatment can restore normal heart
and ventilatory action

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PURPOSES OF CPR
• To maintain an open and clear airway
• To maintain breathing by external ventilation
• To maintain blood circulation by external cardiac massages
• To save life of the PATIENT
• To provide basic life support till medical and advanced life support
arrives

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APPLICATION
CPR should be administered in cases of respiratory arrest resulting from
• Drowning
• Stroke
• Foreign body in throat
• Smoke inhalation
• Drug overdose
• Asphyxia (Suffocation)
• Accident injury
• Coma
• Epiglottis paralysis
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WHEN TO ADMINISTER CPR
• The victim isn’t breathing: if the victim isn’t breathing, you should begin performing CPR
immediately. Watch their chest to see if it’s rising and falling and listen carefully over their
mouth for a few seconds to determine if they have a steady breath. Even if the victim lets out
an occasional gasping breath, they need CPR.
• The victim is unresponsive: if the victim is unconscious or unresponsive, this is a sign that
you should provide CPR.
• The victim has no pulse: check for a pulse on the side of the victim’s neck for at least five
seconds.
• If you see any of these signs, it’s critical that you call 911 and begin performing CPR
immediately. If the brain goes minutes without oxygen, permanent brain damage or death
can occur. This is because the brain is unable to actually store oxygen, which is why it needs
blood and oxygen circulated continuously by the heart. Experts advise that if you begin
performing CPR within 4 minutes of cardiac arrest, a bystander can dramatically increase the
survival rate of the victim.
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PURPOSE OF CPR
• To restore effective circulation and ventilation
• To prevent irreversible cerebral damage due to anoxia. When the
heart fails to maintain the cerebral circulation for approximately 4
minutes, the brain may suffer irreversible damage

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CPR PROCEDURE
APPROACH SAFELY

CHECK RESPONSE

CALL FOR HELP

OPEN AIRWAY

CHECK BREATHING

30 CHEST COMPRESSIONS

2 RECOVERY BREATHS

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WATCH AND OBSERVE
APPROACH SAFELY

CHECK RESPONSE

CALL FOR HELP

OPEN AIRWAY

CHECK BREATHING

30 CHEST COMPRESSIONS

2 RECOVERY BREATHS

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 SHAKE SHOULDERS GENTLY
APPROACH SAFELY
ASK “ARE YOU ALRIGHT?”
CHECK RESPONSE
IF HE RESPONDS

CALL FOR HELP LEAVE AS YOU FIND HIM

OPEN AIRWAY FIND OUT WHAT IS WRONG

REASSESS
CHECK BREATHING

30 CHEST COMPRESSIONS

2 RECOVERY BREATHS

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 ALERT PEOPLE AROUND
APPROACH SAFELY

CHECK RESPONSE

CALL FOR HELP

OPEN AIRWAY

CHECK BREATHING

30 CHEST COMPRESSIONS

2 RECOVERY BREATHS

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 CHECK THE AIRWAY TO KNOW IF
APPROACH SAFELY THERE IS A VISIBLE BLOCKAGE OF THE
TRACHEA
CHECK RESPONSE IF NO PHYSICAL BLOCKAGE A FINGER
SWEEP SHOULD BE DONE

CALL FOR HELP

OPEN AIRWAY

CHECK BREATHING

30 CHEST COMPRESSIONS

2 RECOVERY BREATHS

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 LOOK, LISTEN AND FEEL FOR NORMAL
APPROACH SAFELY BREATHING.

CHECK RESPONSE FEEL FOR PULSE

DO NOT CONFUSE NORMAL

CALL FOR HELP BREATHING FOR AGONAL BREATHING

OPEN AIRWAY *Agonal breathing is when someone

who is not getting enough oxygen is
gasping for air. It is usually due to
CHECK BREATHING cardiac arrest or stroke. It's not true
breathing. It's a natural reflex that
30 CHEST COMPRESSIONS happens when your brain is not
getting the oxygen it needs to survive*

2 RECOVERY BREATHS

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 APPROACH SAFELY

CHECK RESPONSE

CALL FOR HELP

OPEN AIRWAY

CHECK BREATHING

30 CHEST COMPRESSIONS

2 RECOVERY BREATHS

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• PLACE THE HEEL OF ONE HAND IN THE CENTRE OF THE CHEST
• PLACE OTHER HAND ON TOP
• INTERLOCK FINGERS
• COMPRESS THE CHEST
• RATE OF 120 COMPRESSIONS/MIN
• 4-5CM DEPTH
• EQUAL COMPRESSIONS

WHERE POSSIBLE, CHANGE CPR OPERATOR EVERY 2MINS

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 PINCH THE NOSE
APPROACH SAFELY TAKE A NORMAL BREATH
PLACE LIPS OVER MOUTH
CHECK RESPONSE BLOW UNTIL THE CHEST RISES
HOLD FOR 1 SEC
ALLOW CHEST TO FALL
CALL FOR HELP REPEAT

OPEN AIRWAY

CHECK BREATHING

30 CHEST COMPRESSIONS

2 RECOVERY BREATHS

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END OF PRESENTATION
QUESTIONS AND INSIGHTS

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