3G OPTI

CRASH COURSE
3G Optimization Essentials
 BASIC CONCEPT

2G - GSM 3G - WCDMA
frequency
Frequency
Code
FDD
Time
CDMA
TDD
time

frequency
structure Network Element:

uu
NodeB UE
time
For CS MSC iuCS iub

RNC NodeB
UE
For PS SGSN iuPS
NodeB

frequency Maxis’ GSM frequencies: frequency Maxis’ WCDMA frequencies*:

900MHz, 1800MHz f1 10662 (DL) / 9712 (UL) - primary
f2 10637 (DL) / 9687 (UL)
f3 10686 (DL) / 9736 (UL)

bandwidth Bandwidth = 200kHz bandwidth Bandwidth = 5MHz

chip rate Chip rate = 3.84 Mchip/s

frame Frame length = 10 ms

* Note: Exception in JB where f1, f2 and f3 are different

10/09/23 2
 CODES

SC: 9, Service: CS Call

DL Channelization code: C128,5
Spreading factor: 128
User bit rate: 12.2 kbps

SC: 418
SC: 1
SC: 9
SC: 17 SC: 9, Service: PS Download
DL Channelization code: C8,2
Spreading Factor: 8
User bit rate: 384 kbps

SC Scrambling Code: SF Channelization Code:

• Using pseudo noise (PN) codes
• Used to differentiate cells in the downlink (DL)
• Range is 0 - 512
Spreading Factor User DL Bit Rate (kbps)
8 384
• Using Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor
(OVSF) codes
• Fully orthogonal, i.e. do not interfere with
each other
• Used to separate different users/cell
• Limited codes per cell
User UL Bit Rate (kbps) • Once a code is chosen, any codes on the
same branch above or below the used code
128
cannot be used (refer diagram below)

16 128 64 C64,9 C32,5

C64,10 C16,3 C8,2

32 64 32
used
64 32 16 C64,11

128 16 8 C64,11 C32,6

10/09/23 3
 HANDOVER (1)

SOFT HANDOVER
SOFT HANDOVER
Intra-frequency HO AS Active Set:
3G 3G Up to 3 cells in soft handover (sHO), i.e. 3 AS. This means
Cell1 Dedicated Cell2 a UE can be served by up to 3 cells at the same time.
f1 f1 Note that 3 AS equals to using 3 cells’ resources at the
same time.

MN/DN Monitored Neigbour / Detected Neighbour

Dedicated or idle (reselection)

HARD HANDOVER
Monitored Neighbour (MN): Neighbour already
HARD HANDOVER

Inter-frequency HO
defined2, can be added as an AS if criterion is met
Idle (reselection)

Detected Neighbour (DN): Neighbour not defined in the

Dedicated
neighbour list, need to be added TWO-WAY if it is a
IRAT

valid missing neighbour. A DN whose RSCP is too

close to the strongest server and not added as a
neighbour will become an interferer.

2G 3G
Cell1 Cell3
f2
IRAT Add
Don’t Add
Parameter Things to define
Motorola: inter_rat_enabled, 2g>3g neighbours1 TEMS Snapshot
Ericsson: qsi, 2g>3g neighbours

1
Can be checked with the file Motorola Dump Formatter.xls in \\sgbsvc112\share06\04_3G MSEP\02 Cell Dumps\
2
Can be checked with the file 3G Ericsson Dump Compiler v1.5.xls or 3G Siemens Dump Compiler v2.0.xls in \\sgbsvc112\
share06\04_3G MSEP\02 Cell Dumps\

10/09/23 4
 HANDOVER(2)

e1a Event 1a - A Primary CPICH enters
the Reporting Range
e1b Event 1b -A Primary CPICH leaves
the Reporting Range
e1d Event 1d - Change of Best Cell e3a Event 3a - The Estimated Quality of
the Currently Used UTRAN
Frequency is below a Certain
Threshold and the Estimated
Quality of the Other System is
above a Certain Threshold

Parameter Meas. Q Eric NSN

e1a Ec/No 3 3
e1b Ec/No 5 6
e1c Ec/No 1 2
e1d Ec/No 7.5 4
e2d rscp -104 -102
e2f rscp -101 -97
e3a rscp -95 -100
e2d Event 2d - The estimated quality of
the currently used frequency is Maxis default values
below a certain Threshold
Event 1c - A non-active primary e2f Event 2f - The estimated quality of
e1c CPICH becomes better than an the currently used frequency is
Active Primary CPICH above a certain threshold

10/09/23 5
 OPTIMIZATION

Coverage RSCP = COVERAGE

It is equivalent to RxLev in GSM

Quality Ec/No = QUALITY

It is equivalent to RxQual in GSM. Very important to
optimize network to have good quality (>-12dB)
TEMS Snapshot
CPICH Common Pilot Channel
Use for channel estimation reference at the terminal;
scrambled with cell specific primary SC; DL channel with a
fixed rate of 30 kbps or SF256

3G Opti OPTIMIZATION CONCEPT Methods METHODS OF OPTIMIZATION

• To have best Ec/No (not necessarily RSCP) by • Tilting of overshooting site
minimizing other cell’s interference. This means • Power down of overshooting site with max tilts
optimizing a cell’s coverage with balancing between • Neighbour addition of DN’s
RSCP and Ec/No. • Reengineering, e.g. antenna swing
• Ideally, at one point in time, you should have only 1AS
only. But for practicality, it should be less than 3 cells
(including best server) within 6dB of the best server’s
RSCP (above example would have 4 cells)

10/09/23 6
 RESOURCES & CAPACITY

RNC
POWER POWER
Type: Cell-level
Note: Output power on
the downlink is shared
between UE’s.for their
respective traffic
Congestion Resolution: IUB E1 CAPACITY
Power upgrade or 2nd Type: Site-level
Carrier Note: This resource is for
signaling and traffic between
Node B and RNC (highest priority
among all resources mentioned
here).
Congestion Resolution: E1
upgrade

CODE CODE CE/CHC CHANNEL ELEMENT

Type: Cell-level
Note: This is referring to the
channelization/OVSF code
resource which is one per
service (more codes for
HSDPA)
Congestion Resolution: 2nd
Carrier
Type: Site-level
Note: This resource shared between
sectors within one NodeB. It is used to
process different type of services, e.g.
CS, PS, HSDPA, 1 CE = 1 Voice Call
NODE B Congestion Resolution: Channel card
activation or addition

10/09/23 7
 PERFORMANCE

Ericsson Echelon NSN Sentinel

• Statistic viewer for Ericsson performance counter • Statistic viewer for NSN performance counter
• Updated weekly • Cell stats located in Viewer and Graph worksheet
• Located in \\sgbsvc112\share06\04_3G MSEP\18 Statistics\ • Updated daily
• Key statistics to look at: • Located in \\sgbsvc112\share06\04_3G MSEP\18 Statistics\
• RRC Drop Rate • Key statistics to look at:
• RRC Establishment Success Rate • RRC Drop Rate
• RAB Drop Rate – CS & PS • RRC Establishment Success Rate
• RAB Establishment Success Rate – CS & PS • RRC Fail Cause - congestion detection
• Fail After Admin - congestion monitoring • RAB Drop Rate – CS & PS
• Throughput • RAB Establishment Success Rate – CS & PS
• Soft Handover and IRAT HO • Admission Reject
• RSSI – interference • Soft Handover & IRAT HO
• TCP – power used • RTWP – interference
• No. of ADCH users – number of HS • TCP – power used
• HS Establishment Success Rate

10/09/23 8
 ECHELON FOR BIS (1)

NORMAL ABNORMAL

RRC SETUP SUCCESS RATE RRC SETUP SUCCESS RATE ADMIN FAIL
10000
100.00 30,000 100.00 60,000
9000

IUB OR CE CONGESTION
25,000 50,000 8000
98.00 98.00
SUCCESS RATE (%)

REJECT COUNTS
7000

SUCCESS RATE (%)

20,000 40,000 6000

ATTEMPTS

ATTEMPTS
96.00 96.00
5000
15,000 30,000
4000
94.00 94.00
3000
10,000 20,000
2000
92.00 92.00 1000
5,000 10,000
0
90.00 0 0

27-11

04-12

11-12

18-12

25-12

01-01

08-01

15-01

22-01

29-01

05-02

12-02

19-02
90.00
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RRC Connect Req Ps RRC Connect Req Cs Access Signaling SR (%) RRC Connect Req Ps RRC Connect Req Cs Access Signaling SR (%) Req Denied Adm Failed After Adm
RRC Setup SR CS (%) RRC Setup SR PS (%) RRC Setup SR CS (%) RRC Setup SR PS (%)
Need
Need to
to check
check reason
reason at:
at:
RRC DROP RATE RRC DROP RATE \\sgbsvc112\share06\02_3G
\\sgbsvc112\share06\02_3G Radio
Radio Planning\06
Planning\06 3G
3G KPI
KPI
40.00 25,000 120.00 140,000 Statistics\3G
Statistics\3G Weekly
Weekly Stats\
Stats\
35.00
100.00 120,000
20,000
30.00
100,000
DROP RATE (%)

DROP RATE (%)

80.00
25.00
15,000
80,000
20.00 60.00
10,000 60,000
15.00
40.00
10.00 40,000
5,000
20.00 20,000
5.00

0.00 0 0.00 0
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18-12

25-12

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19-02
Cell DCH Disc Normal Cell DCH Disc Abnormal RRC Signaling Drop Rate (%) Cell DCH Disc Normal Cell DCH Disc Abnormal RRC Signaling Drop Rate (%)

10/09/23 9
 ECHELON FOR BIS (2)

NORMAL ABNORMAL

CS: RAB DROP RATE CS: RAB DROP RATE RADIO DROP RATE
16.00 4,000 9.00 8,000 7 1,000

14.00 3,500 8.00 7,000 6 MISSING NEIGHBOUR 900

800
7.00
12.00 3,000 6,000
5 700

DROP RATE (%)

DROP RATE (%)

DROP RATE (%)

6.00

ATTEMPTS
5,000

ATTEMPTS
10.00 2,500

ATTEMPTS
600
5.00 4
8.00 2,000 4,000 500
4.00 3
3,000 400
6.00 1,500
3.00
2 300
4.00 1,000 2,000
2.00
200
2.00 500 1.00 1,000 1
100
0.00 0 0.00 0 0 0

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11-12

18-12

25-12

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19-02
Normal RAB Release Speech System RAB Release Speech Normal RAB Release Cs64 Normal RAB Release Speech System RAB Release Speech Normal RAB Release Cs64
System RAB Release Cs64 RAB Drop CS (%) RAB Drop Speech (%) Sys Rel Speech Neighbr Sys Rel Speech SoHo Sys Rel Speech UL Synch
System RAB Release Cs64 RAB Drop CS (%) RAB Drop Speech (%)
RAB Drop CS64 (%) RAB Drop CS64 (%) Sys Rel Speech Radio Drop Rate (%)

CS: RAB ESTABLISHMENT SUCCESS RATE PS: RAB ESTABLISHMENT SUCCESS RATE RAB ESTABLISH FAIL CAUSE
100.00 4,000 100.00 3,500 350
98.00 98.00
3,500 3,000 300
96.00 96.00 INSUFFICIENT DL POWER
SUCCESS RATE (%)

3,000 250
SUCCESS RATE (%)

2,500

NO. OF FAILS
94.00 94.00

ATTEMPTS
200
ATTEMPTS

2,500 92.00
92.00 2,000
90.00 2,000 90.00 150
1,500
88.00 88.00
1,500 100
86.00 86.00 1,000
1,000 50
84.00 84.00
500 0
500 82.00
82.00

27-11

04-12

11-12

18-12

25-12

01-01

08-01

15-01

22-01

29-01

05-02

12-02

19-02
80.00 0
80.00 0
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08-01

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22-01

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12-02

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12-02

19-02

Failed RAB Est Attempt: Exceed Conn Limit Failed RAB Est Attempt: Lack DL ASE
Failed RAB Est Attempt: Lack DL Chnl Code Failed RAB Est Attempt: Lack DL Power
RAB Est Attempt Speech RAB Est Attempt CS64
RAB Est Attempt Ps Interactive RAB Est SR Ps Interactive (%)
LINKED
RAB Est SR Speech (%) RAB Est SR CS64 (%) Failed RAB Est Attempt: Lack UL ASE

PS: RAB DROP RATE PS: RAB DROP RATE ADMIN FAIL
7.00 2,500 45.00 3,000
3500
40.00
6.00 2,500 3000
2,000 35.00
2500
REQUEST
REQUEST DENIED
DENIED ADMISSION
ADMISSION

REJECT COUNTS
5.00
DROP RATE (%)
DROP RATE (%)

30.00 2,000

ATTEMPTS
ATTEMPTS

1,500 2000
4.00 25.00
1,500
20.00 1500
3.00
1,000
15.00 1,000 1000
2.00
10.00
500 500 500
1.00 5.00
0
0.00 0 0.00 0

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Normal RAB Release Packet System RAB Release Packet RAB Drop PS (%) Normal RAB Release Packet System RAB Release Packet RAB Drop PS (%) Req Denied Adm Failed After Adm

10/09/23 10
 SENTINEL FOR BIS (1)

NORMAL ABNORMAL

RRC DROP RATE RRC DROP RATE RRC FAIL CAUSE

10.00 25,000 10.00 25,000 9,000
9.00 9.00 8,000
8.00 20,000 8.00 20,000 7,000
6,000 CHC CONGESTION

No. of Fails
7.00 7.00

DropRate (%)
DropRate (%)

5,000
6.00 15,000 6.00 15,000

Attempts
Attempts
4,000
5.00 5.00 3,000
4.00 10,000 4.00 10,000 2,000

3.00 3.00 1,000

0
2.00 5,000 2.00 5,000

01-01
03-01
05-01
07-01
09-01
11-01
13-01
15-01
17-01
19-01
21-01
23-01
25-01
27-01
29-01
31-01
02-02
04-02
06-02
08-02
10-02
12-02
14-02
16-02
18-02
20-02
22-02
24-02
1.00 1.00

0.00 0 0.00 0

01-01

08-01

15-01

22-01

29-01

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12-02

19-02
01-01

08-01

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05-02

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19-02

NodeB Pwr Unavail CHC Unavail NodeB Processor OverLoad NodeB HW Fail
Other Reason In NodeB M2C UnAvail DHT Unavail NBAP Protocol Error
Code Unavail ALCAP ProtErr RRC Prot Err NBAP Timeout
RRC Attempt RRC Drop Rate RRC Attempt RRC Drop Rate ALCAP Timeout M2C HW Fail DHT HW Fail RNC int Fn Err
Iub unavail CC Reject AC Reject Restrict Reject

RRC ESTABLISHMENT SUCCESS RATE RRC ESTABLISHMENT SUCCESS RATE AC REJECT

100.00 25,000 100.00 25,000 450
98.00 98.00 400
96.00 20,000 96.00 20,000 350 CODE CONGESTION
Success Rate (%)

Success Rate (%)

94.00 94.00
300

No. of Reject
92.00 15,000 92.00 15,000
Attempts

Attempts
250
90.00 90.00
200
88.00 10,000 88.00 10,000
150
86.00 86.00
100
84.00 5,000 84.00 5,000
50
82.00 82.00
0
80.00 0 80.00 0

01-01
03-01
05-01
07-01
09-01
11-01
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RRC Attempt RRC Est SR Conv RRC Est SR PSIB RRC Attempt RRC Est SR Conv RRC Est SR PSIB Cell Rstr Max UL Load Max DL Load Code Alloc Fail CC Ongoing Other

RRC FAIL CAUSE RRC FAIL CAUSE

2,500 600

2,000 500
IUB CONGESTION 400 E1 ISSUE
No. of Fails

No. of Fails
1,500
300
1,000
200
500
100

0 0
01-01
03-01
05-01
07-01
09-01
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04-02
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10-02
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14-02
16-02
18-02
20-02
22-02
24-02

01-01
03-01
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24-02
NodeB Pwr Unavail CHC Unavail NodeB Processor OverLoad NodeB HW Fail NodeB Pwr Unavail CHC Unavail NodeB Processor OverLoad NodeB HW Fail
Other Reason In NodeB M2C UnAvail DHT Unavail NBAP Protocol Error Other Reason In NodeB M2C UnAvail DHT Unavail NBAP Protocol Error
Code Unavail ALCAP ProtErr RRC Prot Err NBAP Timeout Code Unavail ALCAP ProtErr RRC Prot Err NBAP Timeout
ALCAP Timeout M2C HW Fail DHT HW Fail RNC int Fn Err ALCAP Timeout M2C HW Fail DHT HW Fail RNC int Fn Err
Iub unavail CC Reject AC Reject Restrict Reject Iub unavail CC Reject AC Reject Restrict Reject

10/09/23 11
 SENTINEL FOR BIS (2)

NORMAL ABNORMAL

CS: RAB DROP RATE CS: RAB DROP RATE PS: RAB ESTABLISHMENT SUCCESS RATE
2.00 2,500 2.00 1,600 100.00 140,000

1.80 1.80 99.00

1,400 120,000
1.60 2,000 1.60
1,200 98.00
1.40 100,000
1.40

SuccessRate (%)
DropRate (%)
DropRate (%)

1,000 97.00
1.20 1,500 1.20

Attempts

Attempts
Attempts
80,000
1.00 1.00 800 96.00
60,000
0.80 1,000 0.80 600 95.00
0.60 0.60 40,000
400 94.00
0.40 500 0.40
200 93.00 20,000
0.20 0.20
0.00 0 0.00 0 92.00 0

01-01
03-01
05-01
07-01
09-01
11-01
13-01
15-01
17-01
19-01
21-01
23-01
25-01
27-01
29-01
31-01
02-02
04-02
06-02
08-02
10-02
12-02
14-02
16-02
18-02
20-02
22-02
24-02
01-01
03-01
05-01
07-01
09-01
11-01
13-01
15-01
17-01
19-01
21-01
23-01
25-01
27-01
29-01
31-01
02-02
04-02
06-02
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10-02
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14-02
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18-02
20-02
22-02
24-02

01-01

08-01

15-01

22-01

29-01

05-02

12-02

19-02
RAB Rel CN Origin CS RAB DR RAB Rel CN Origin CS RAB DR CS Est Att (PSIB) CS RAB Est SR (PSIB)

CS: RAB ESTABLISHMENT SUCCESS RATE CS: RAB ESTABLISHMENT SUCCESS RATE HANDOVER SUCCESS RATE
100.00 2,500 100.00 1,600 100.00

98.00 1,400
98.00 98.00
2,000
1,200
96.00
SuccessRate (%)

96.00
SuccessRate (%)

SuccessRate (%)
96.00
1,000

Attempts
1,500
Attempts

94.00 94.00
800 94.00
92.00 92.00
1,000 600
92.00
90.00 90.00
400
500
88.00 90.00
88.00 200

86.00 0 86.00 0 88.00

01-01

08-01

15-01

22-01

29-01

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CS Est Att (AMR) CS Est Att (CS64) CS Est Att (AMR) CS Est Att (CS64)
InterRat SR BranchAdd SR
CS RAB Est SR (AMR) CS RAB Est SR (CS64) CS RAB Est SR (AMR) CS RAB Est SR (CS64)

PS: RAB DROP RATE

PS: RAB DROP RATE
14.00 3,000
12.00 800
12.00 2,500
700
10.00
600 10.00
2,000
DropRate (%)

8.00

Attempts
DropRate (%)

500 8.00
Attempts

1,500
6.00 400 6.00
300 1,000
4.00 4.00
200
2.00 500
2.00
100
0.00 0
0.00 0
01-01

08-01

15-01

22-01

29-01

05-02

12-02

19-02
01-01

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19-02

RAB Rel CN Origin PS RAB DR

RAB Rel CN Origin PS RAB DR

10/09/23 12

Installation Note:
1. Copy latest version from \\
sgbsvc112\share06\04_3G
MSEP\09 Tools\
2. Open a dummy .tab file
3. Go to Tools>Tool Manager
4. Click Add Tool and locate
your RF3G folder
5. Tick Loaded and Autoload
6. Select MSEP3G>Setup RF3G
7. Key in your RF3G folder (you
can ignore the Coverage
option for now)
Thematic Setup:
1. Go to the RF3G folder and
locate the Audit Thematics
folder
2. Follow the instructions given
inside to create the
necessary thematics that will
be used later
3. You will have to restart your
MapInfo (some system need
a complete PC/laptop restart)
4. Check if these thematics
exists by starting MapInfo,
and press F9, go to Ranges
and check if you see Region
Ranges RSCP
10/09/23
MAPINFO TOOL: RF3G
Creating Sectors: Checking Coverage:
1. Use the sample excel 1. Open the coverage file
template given 2. Select MSEP3G>Setup RF3G
2. You can combine 2G and 3G 3. Select the relevant tab file in
together. the Coverage Tab
3. Compulsory info must be filled 4. Press CTRL-W and enter your
in the template for both scrambling code (SC)
system is SITE_LRD,
UtranCell, CI, PSC,
Latitude, Longitude,
Azimuth and System.
(note: make sure UtranCell’s
format is XXXXXX_X)
4. Open the excel inside MapInfo
& use the first row as header
5. Select MSEP3G>Select
Import Window & choose the
relevant tab file containing the
sectors info
6. Press OK unless you want to
change the cell size
(recommend 150 for KV)
7. The result is dark purple is 3G
and light purple is 2G cells
13