Chapter 9

Space Weather

Group Members
1. Harleen Kaur
2. Khiew Ree Jeen
3. Khor Choon Li
4. Yee Hei Yuet
Teacher : Mr Raymond
 Phenomena that Occur on the Surface of
the Sun
• Granules
• Sunspot
• Solar cycles
• Prominence
• Solar flares
• Coronal mass ejections
• Solar winds
 Solar Prominence
A solar prominence is a large , bright feature that
extends outward from the Sun’s surface.
Prominences are anchored to the Sun’s surface in
the photosphere, and extend outwards into the
Sun’s hot outeratmosphere, called the corona

Solar flare
A solar flare is an
intense burst of Sunspot
radiation coming from
the release of magnetic Sunspots are dark areas
energy associated with
sunspot . They are
Solar on the solar surface
that contain strong
bright areas on the sun
and can last from
events magnetic fields that are
constantly shifting .
minutes to hours.

Coronal Mass Ejection

The outer solar atmosphere, the corona is structured by
strong magnetic fields. Where these fields are closed,
often above sunspot groups, the confined solar
atmosphere can suddenly and violently release bubbles of
gas and magnetic fields called coronal mass ejections.
Solar material streams out through the interplanetary
medium , impacting any planet or spacecraft in its path .
 Solar wind
It is a stream of charged particles released from the
upper atmosphere of the Sun, called the corona.
It’s particles can escape the Sun's gravity because of
their high energy resulting from the high temperature of
the corona, which in turn is a result of the coronal
magnetic field.

Solar Solar cycle

Granules
On the photosphere of the Sun are
caused by convection currents
(thermal columns, Bénard cells) of
plasma within the Sun's convective
zone. The grainy appearance of the
solar photosphere is produced by
the tops of these convective cells
and is called granulation.
It is a
events natural phenomena occurring
within the magnetically
heated outer atmospheres in
the Sun.
These phenomena take many
forms, including solar wind,
radio wave flux, energy bursts
such as solar flares, coronal
mass ejection
or solar eruptions, coronal
heating and sunspots.
Formation of Aurora
 The end
And
Thank you