LINUX

WINDOWS

PREPARED BY: CAFE, GENE ADEVE S.

Linux Operating System
Linux is a free and open-source operating system
created and designed by Linus Torvalds in 1991. Linux is
a derived form of Unix. It is free of cost making it
available for all users. It is open-source, means that the
source code of Linux is available for all users. Users can
add additional programs or modify the existing ones so
that it can perform various other functions.
Linux uses a monolithic kernel. It runs both kernel and user
services in the same address space. It has many
distributions such as Ubuntu, Linux mint, Fedora, etc.
It is more machine friendly, which means users find it
difficult to interact with Linux.
Linux has become the largest open-source software in the
world. It provides high security and is mostly used for
hacking purposes.
Some of the features of Linux include its Portability,
Security, and Multitasking abilities. Plus, Linux is open
source.
Some of the drawbacks of using the Linux operating
system are listed below −

It can’t run most of the Windows programs.

Most of the Internet service providers do not support

Linux.
Linux is difficult to learn for most of the new users.
Depending on its distributions, the difficulty level varies.
Windows Operating System

Windows is an operating system developed by Microsoft.

Its first version was released in 1985 which was an
extension of MS-DOS.

Windows is not open-source. Its free version lacks some

of the features that the licensed version has.
Windows is the most widely used operating system in
PCs. It provides a GUI which is very user-friendly. It is
available in two versions, 32 bit and 64 bit. It has both
client and server versions.

Windows uses a microkernel. Its address space is

separated into kernel space and user space. Windows is
designed in such a way that people with no
programming knowledge can also use it.
It is good for both personal and commercial use
because it is very simple and easy to use.
Windows was written in C++ and Assembly language.
Windows provides less security as compared to Linux.

Some of the features of Windows include: Control

panel, File explorer, Internet Browser, Disk cleanup
features, and a highly user friendly Interface.
Some of the drawbacks of using the
Windows operating system are listed below
−

Most of the Windows features are available

only in the paid/licensed version.

It provides less security.

System requirements

Users have to pay software fee along with

 Differences:
Linux and Windows Operating Systems
The following table highlights the major differences
between the Linux and Windows operating systems −

PARAMETER LINUX WINDOWS

Definition Linux is an open source Windows is an operating
operating system system developed for
developed for desktops desktops

Developed by Linus Torvalds Microsoft

Availability Open-source and free of Not an open-source and

cost it is paid
PARAMETER LINUX WINDOWS

Ease of use Linux is machine friendly. So Windows is simple with rich

user must have some
exposure to Linux
commands. It takes more
time for users to get used
to Linux.
GUI options. User doesn’t
need any knowledge of
programming. It is more
useful for non-technical
users.

Security Linux is more secure than Windows is less secure

Windows compared to Linux

Updates Linux updates less Windows updates

frequently frequently
PARAMETER LINUX WINDOWS

License Linux is distributed under Windows is distributed

GPL(General Public License) under Proprietary
commercial software
license.

Reliability Linux is more reliable than Windows is more reliable as

windows as it is more Linux
secured

Speed Linux is faster than Windows is slower

windows compared to Linux
Conclusion
Both Linux and Windows operating systems are used
for Desktops. Linux is open-source, while Windows
comes with a license. Windows is more user-friendly
as compared to Linux but Linux is more secured than
Windows. Both the operating systems have their
own features and drawbacks; therefore, it is the
users who need to decide which operating system
they should use based on their requirements and
expertise.
Types of Windows Operating System:
There are many types of operating systems and can be
divided into different ways, but the main types of these are
only two. So know about the different types of windows

Single User OS: Only one person can use the computer
at one time in single user OS.
Multiple user OS: Multiple user OS can work with one
or more people at a time. Multiple user OS (Operating
Systems) are used where people have to work in
conjunction
Features of Windows:
Windows or Microsoft Windows, this is a product of
Microsoft. The Windows operating system started in 1985
in the beginning. Since its launch, it has touched all the
dimensions of the heights. There has been a lot of change
in Windows OS since the beginning. Many of its versions
have come from the beginning till now. Every time the
company has tried to include good features from the
previous ones in the new version.
Microsoft is a most popular operating system by computer
users, it will usually be found in your college, school or
home computers.
Microsoft is a Windows Graphical Interface operating
system that means graphics or icons to display
information. It makes it easy to operate. Every class, the
person of the age can easily understand and run it.
With this, you can easily do any task.
Since the first version came in 1985, there have been 26
versions of Windows so far. The newly released version of
the Windows operating system which was Windows 10. It
was released on 29 July 2015.
The popular versions of Microsoft Windows include
Windows Vista, Windows 98, Windows XP, Windows
2000, Windows 8 and Windows 10. Since then, every
version of Microsoft's Windows product has been very
successful. Those versions were much more popular and
people managed to make houses as well as places in their
hearts
Brief History of windows:
Microsoft Windows made such a much more efficient
Operating System, if we talk about the 80s, except for
Windows you cannot imagine the computer at that
time. From the starting, Microsoft had divided its
operating system (OS) into two parts. The first MS-DOS
Family and the other was Windows NT. Windows also
became the world's most popular operating system
from a new operating system. So let's know about the
entire history of the Windows Operating System. the
following is the brief history of Windows:
1. Windows 1.0
Windows 1.0 was the first version of the Windows
Operating System, which was released in 1985 by
Microsoft's founder Bill Gates. This is the real
Microsoft attempt to make a graphical user interface
in 16-bit. Windows 1.0 had basic functionality, such
as gadgets (calculator, calendar, MS paint, and a
primitive word processor). It was going on above the
MS-DOS, which was relied upon to a command-line
input. Along with this, it has heavily relied on the
mouse, such as a computer input device.
Nov. 25, 1985
2. Windows 2.0
In 1987, Windows 2.0 was released, although it was not much
better than earlier. The biggest innovation of Windows 2 was
that their windows could be overlap above each other and in
it the ability to minimize or maximize the windows, instead of
"iconize" or "zooming".
It used to support the Video Graphics Array (VGA) display
system, which allows 6 colors to be resolved in 640 × 480
resolution. Windows 2.0 supported 286 processor, but in
order to coordinate with Microsoft, Microsoft released an
interval version of Windows 2.0, which was called Windows /
386 2.03 which supported the new 386 processor.
Dec. 09, 1987
3. Windows 3.0
Windows 3.0 was released in 1990 and it was so
successful that it was not discontinued until 2001. In
this, the GUI also has all the new icons updated and
makes the first windows that require a hard drive. In this
having Virtual Memory, Improved Graphics, and
Multitasking's ability, it made the sale of Windows 3.0
up to 10 million copies.
May 22, 1990
4. Windows 3.1:
Windows 3.1 was released in 1992; it included all the
necessary fixes and improved font functionality, TrueType
fonts, which made Windows a viable publishing platform
for the first time. It requires a 1MB RAM to run and it first
supported the MS-DOS programs to help with a mouse
just for the first time.
This also supports multimedia functionality, which
provided support for connecting external musical
instruments and MIDI devices.
Apr. 6, 1992
5. Windows 95:
Windows 95 replaced the entire body of Windows. It
first came to arrive in 1995, the first start button and
the start menu were included, along with the taskbar
and it was fully focused on multitasking. A 32-bit was
introduced in Windows 95. It was designed to increase
the compatibility and included the "plug and play"
concept - connecting a peripheral. Like other
predecessors, there was no need to install DOS first.
6. Windows 4.0
Windows 4.0 was released only after Windows 3.0, in
1996, some minor improvements were done and was not
considered as a major Windows release.
7. Microsoft Windows 98:
Windows 98 was the first release that was designed
specifically for consumers as well as this support also
provided DVDs to read and read USB devices. USB
support was greatly improved in Windows 98, with
which it was used more. Plus, USB hubs and USB mice
were also used very much. Back and forward navigation
buttons, introduced in Windows Explorer, the address
bar in Windows Explorer, and for Windows Driver Model
computer components and accessories - a driver that
can support future windows of all windows.
8. Microsoft Windows ME:
In 2000, Microsoft Windows ME was released and it was
the last OS that built in the MS-DOS kernel. It provided
support for digital media, from digital cameras to
download Image Acquisition as well. Windows Media
Player 7, IE 5.5, and Windows Movie Maker also made
their first appearance from this version. System Restore
feature was added to Windows ME, any deleted system
files that could be restored. The second important
feature was the system file protection, which used to
prevent important OS files from being converted.
9. Windows 2000:
Windows 2000 was completely based on Microsoft's
business-oriented system, and above the Windows NT, it
became the basis of Windows XP too. In it many devices
could be plugged together and together, it was often
compatible with many operating systems. In this
defragmenter and device manager were also included.
Microsoft's automatic updating made a very important
role in Windows 2000 and it became the first Windows
that used to support the hibernation.
10. Windows XP:
Windows XP was the most popular that was released by
the Microsoft operating system in 2001. It has also got
much recognition for the most user-friendly Os. Windows
XP has plenty of ease and functionality for laptop and
desktop users. The last update of Windows XP was until
April 2014, after which Microsoft completely closed
Windows XP updates.
There was a huge problem with Windows XP because its
firewall is built into but it is defaulted off. Most of this
hacker and criminals used a lot of these flaws. Microsoft XP
was the best selling operating system ever so far.
Oct. 25, 2001
11. Windows Vista:
Windows Vista was released in 2006 with strong security
system features. It has BitLocker Drive Encryption for data
protection; enhancement in the media player, home
entertainment, photography customization, video editing,
and better display design was also upgraded. This version
was only available for three years because there were quite
bugs in this version and they are not too user-friendly.
In Vista, speech recognition, Windows DVD Maker and
Photo Gallery were included, together with this, the first
Windows which was distributed to the DVD.
Jan. 30, 2007
12. Microsoft Windows 7:
Windows 7 was released in October 2009; it was faster,
more stable and very easy to use. It became the
operating system, mostly for users and businesses,
which they delighted to adopt and upgraded Windows
XP, as Windows Vista did not make it much more
popular. In many ways, new features were added - such
as Snap, Peek, and Shake. Windows Touch-enabled
users to browse browsing, flipping photos, and
files/folders to use fingers. You can stream music,
videos, and photos in your PC to stereo or TV.
Apr. 22, 2009
13. Windows 8:
It was released in October 2012; Windows 8 was a very
popular Microsoft version, in which the Start button and
the Start menu were greatly changed. More than this
touch-friendly Start screen can be presented. Windows
8 is very fast, previous versions support Windows 3.0
devices faster than Windows.
The Windows Store, which offers universal Windows
apps, is now introduced in full-screen mode. Now
programme icons and live tiles start appearing in the
new tiled interface.
14. Windows 10:
Windows 10 was released on September 30, 2014. It is the
very latest version of Windows and in the company that
has installed all the features that they were unable to do in
the earlier version.

Windows 10 has brought the Start Menu in it, which is

giving it a balanced look, along with a traditional desktop
computer users, it is also a very favorite choice. It has
included many interesting features as you can switch to the
keyboard mode, mouse mode, tablet mode.
Sept. 30 ,2014
Windows 11
is the latest major release of Microsoft's Windows NT
operating system, released on October 5, 2021. It
succeeded Windows 10 and is available for free for any
Windows 10 devices that meet the new Windows 11
system requirements.
Advantages of Microsoft Windows:
Easy to use: Microsoft Windows has made a lot of
changes in its system; it is easy to use the operating
system. Although it is not so easy to use it, it is much
easier than the other OS. And people of any class or age
can easily use it.

Software: In Windows, you can to use much software.

Compatibility: Windows supports programs used on

its older versions on its new editions.
Disadvantages of Windows:
Price: The cost of Microsoft Windows is much higher
than those of OS and Linux.
Security: Security in Windows has already been the
subject of discussion since the beginning. Microsoft's
security is quite weak compared to other OSs. It is
believed that Windows's products are never created for
security. Compared to Linux etc., the percentage of the
hack of Windows remains high. Security has always been
a matter of trouble for Windows OS.
Reliability: Windows has to reboot periodically from
time to time if the system does not stop working when
the system will stop working.
Windows Phone
Windows Phone or WP is a series of mobile operating
systems that were created by Microsoft for a mobile
phone. The Windows Phone interface was taken from
the metro design language. This was the first time launch
of Windows Phone 7 in 2010. Windows Phone was
replaced with Windows 10 Mobile in 2015. It has been
given a new environment for applications. On October 8,
2017, Microsoft decided that Windows 10 will be
stopped. Because there was a lot of work in the market
and people in the Windows Phone and Microsoft had to
make this decision because of trends too low.
Sources:
https://www.collegenp.com/technology/the-brief-histo
ry-of-windows-operating-system/

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/difference-between-li
nux-and-windows