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variance

standard deviation
(Ungrouped & grouped data)

COEFFICIENT OF
arvie B. diono
educ 201
advanced educational statistics
what is variance?
-can simply be defined as a
measure of variability to
represent members of a group.
-measures the closeness of data
points corresponding to a
greater value of variance.
what is standard deviation?
-measures the spread of a
data distribution.
-it measures the typical
distance between each data
point and the mean.
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

VARIANCE STANDARD

)
DEVIATION
it can simply be defined as

)
the numerical value, which it can simply be defined
describes how variable the as the observations that

)
observations are. get measured.

)
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

VARIANCE STANDARD

)
DEVIATION
is nothing but the

)
is defined as the
average taken out of
root of the mean

)
the squared deviations.
squared deviation.
)
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

VARIANCE STANDARD

)
DEVIATION
is expressed in

)
is expressed in the
squared units.
same units of the

)
data available.
)
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

VARIANCE STANDARD

)
DEVIATION
is a perfect indicator

)
is a perfect indicator of
of the individuals

)
the observations in a
spread out in a group.
data set.
)
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

VARIANCE STANDARD

)
DEVIATION
it is mathematically it is mathematically

)
denoted as ( ) for sample denoted as () for sample

)
variance. standard deviation.
)
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

VARIANCE STANDARD

)
DEVIATION
it is mathematically

)
it is mathematically
denoted as ( ) for

)
denoted as () for
population variance.
population standard
)
deviation.
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) FORMULAS for UNGROUPED DATA
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

SAMPLE VARIANCE SAMPLE STANDARD

)
DEVIATION

)
)
)
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) FORMULAS for GROUPED DATA
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

SAMPLE VARIANCE SAMPLE STANDARD


DEVIATION

)
=
s= n-1

f = frequency
)
)
) f = frequency
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) FORMULAS for UNGROUPED DATA
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

POPULATION VARIANCE POPULATION STANDARD

)
DEVIATION

)
))
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) FORMULAS for GROUPED DATA
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

POPULATION VARIANCE POPULATION STANDARD


DEVIATION

)
=
= N

f = frequency
)
)
) f = frequency
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Sample Variance () for Ungrouped Data
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Example 1
Let us calculate the sample variance
and the sample standard deviation of
the given scores.
90, 73, 79, 78, 83, 95, 77, 79, 74, 82
Sample Variance () for Ungrouped Data
x x – x̄ (xᵢ-x̄ )²
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
90
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

73
79
78
83
95
77
79
74
82
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Find the sample mean (x̄)
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

x̄ =

x̄ =
x̄ = 81
xᵢ xᵢ – x̄ (xᵢ-x̄ )²
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 90 90 – 81 = 9
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

73 -8
79 -2
78 -3
83 2
95 14
77 -4
79 -2
74 -7
82 1
xᵢ xᵢ – x̄ (xᵢ-x̄ )²
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 90 90 – 81 = 9
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

73 -8
79 -2
78 -3
83 2
95 14
77 -4
79 -2
74 -7
82 1
SAMPLE VARIANCE
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
xᵢ xᵢ – x̄ (xᵢ-x̄ )²
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 90 90 – 81 = 9 (9)² = 81
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

73 -8 64
79 -2 4
78 -3 9
83 2 4
95 14 196
77 -4 16
79 -2 4
74 -7 49
82 1 1
SAMPLE VARIANCE
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
xᵢ xᵢ – x̄ (xᵢ-x̄ )²
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 90 90 – 81 = 9 (9)² = 81
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

73 -8 64
79 -2 4
78 -3 9
83 2 4
95 14 196
77 -4 16
79 -2 4
74 -7 49
82 1 1
∑(xᵢ-x̄ )² = 428
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) SAMPLE VARIANCE for Ungroup Data
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

s² =

s² =

s² =


) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) SAMPLE STANDARD DEVIATION for Ungrouped Data
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

s=

s 90
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Sample Variance () for Grouped Data
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Example 1

Determine the ages of 50 people


taking travel tours.
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Sample Variance () for Grouped Data
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

=
Class Limits Frequency Class Marks
f x fx x – x̄
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
18-26 4 18+26=44
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

44/2=22
4x22=88

27-35 5 31 155
36-44 9 40 360
45-53 15 49 735
54-62 11 58 638
63-71 6 67 402
n=50 ∑fx= 2378
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Find the sample mean (x̄)
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

x̄ =

x̄ =
x̄ = 47.56
Class Limits Frequency Class Marks
f x fx x–x̄ (x-x̄)² f(x-x̄)²
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
18-26 4 18+26=44 (-25.56)²
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
4(653.31)
44/2=22
4x22=88 22 - 47.56= -25.56 = 653.31 = 2613.24

27-35 5 31 155 -16.56 274.23 1371.15

36-44 9 40 360 -7.56 57.15 514.35

45-53 15 49 735 1.44 2.07 31.05

54-62 11 58 638 10.44 108.99 1198.89

63-71 6 67 402 19.44 377.91 2267.46

∑f(x-x̄)²=
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) SAMPLE VARIANCE (s²) for Grouped Data
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

= 163.19
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) SAMPLE STANDARD DEVIATION (s) for Grouped Data
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

s=

s=

s=
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Population Variance () for Ungrouped Data
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Example 1

Given Data:
8, 9, 13, 14, 6
Population Variance () for Ungrouped Data

) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) x x–μ (xᵢ-μ )²
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

8
9
13
14
6
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Find the mean population ()
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

=
=
= 10
Population Variance () for Ungrouped Data

) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) x x–μ (xᵢ-μ )²
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

8 8-10= -2
9 -1
13 3
14 4
6 -4
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) POPULATION VARIANCE
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
Population Variance () for Ungrouped Data

) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) x x–μ (xᵢ-μ )²
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

8 8-10= -2 (-2)²= 4
9 -1 1
13 3 9
14 4 16
6 -4 16
∑(x – μ)= 0 ∑(x – μ)²= 46
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) POPULATION VARIANCE for Ungroup Data
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

²=

²
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) POPULATION STANDARD DEVIATION for Ungrouped Data
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

𝜎 ≈ 3 .033
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Population Variance () for Grouped Data
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

=
Class Limits Frequency Class Marks
f x fx x–
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
5-15 3 5+15=20
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

20/2=10
3x10=30

16-26 8 21 168
27-37 9 32 288
38-48 10 43 430
49-59 6 54 324
60-70 4 65 260
n=40 ∑fx= 1500
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Find the population mean ()
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

=
= 37.5
Class Limits Frequency Class Marks
f x fx x– (x-)² f(x-)²
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) (-27.5)² 3(756.25)
5-15 3 5+15=2020 10-37.5
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

4/2=10
3x10=30 =756.25 = 2268.75
= -27.5
16-26 8 21 168 -16.5 272.25 2178
27-37 9 32 288 -5.5 30.25 272.25
38-48 10 43 430 5.5 30.25 302.5
49-59 6 54 324 16.5 272.25 1633.5
60-70 4 65 260 27.5 756.25 3025
n=40 ∑fx= 1500 ∑f(x-)²= 9680
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) POPULATION VARIANCE (²) for Grouped Data
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

242
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) POPULATION STANDARD DEVIATION () for Grouped Data
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

𝜎 ≈ 15.56
what is COEFFICIENT OF
VARIATION?
-is a relative measure of variability that
indicates the size of a standard deviation in
relation to its mean. It is a standardized,
unitless measure that allows you to compare
variability between disparate groups and
characteristics. It is also known as the relative
standard deviation (RSD).
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) HOW TO CALCULATE THE COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

)
Calculating the coefficient
of variation involves a

)
simple ratio. Simply take CV= Standard Deviation
Mean
x100

)
the standard deviation and
divide it by the mean.

)
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

For Example:
The average score of the Hogwarts students in
one Potions class is 120, with a standard
deviation of 5; the average score of students in a
Quidditch class is 107, with a standard
deviation of 4. Which class is more variable in
terms of score?
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Potions Class Quidditch Class


CV= 𝜎 x100 CV= 𝜎 x100

CV= 5 x100 CV= 4 x100


120 107
CV= 4.17 % CV= 3.74 %
Since, the CV for the Potions class is larger, the scores here are more variable
than the scores in the Quidditch class.
“if statistics are boring,
then you’ve got the
wrong number”
-Edward tufte
thank
YOU!

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