Political

Ideologies
Here starts the
lesson 2!
 Lesson Objectives
At the end of the lesson, you will be able to…

Identify the basic tenets of major political ideologies (i.e., liberalism, socialism, conservativism, etc.)

Differentiate the political ideologies

Examine the relationship between political ideologies and configurations of political communities

Critique ideas that have a direct impact on how we try to manage ourselves as a political community

Analyze how political ideologies impact on the social and political life of Filipino
Topics to be
discussed…
Definition of Ideology Different Ideologies
and Political Ideology
 Anarchism
 Socialism
 Liberalism
Functions of Political  Conservatism
Ideology  Fascism
 Feminism
“A state is better governed
which has but few laws, and
those laws strictly observed”
– René Descartes
 01
What is an
Ideology???
 Ideology is…

Defined as political statements

that aim to call upon massive
mass to achieve a relatively better
political and economic condition.
Government
uses ideologies
to help them
consolidate the
support of their
constituents.
Political ideologies are important not only in
politics but also to our daily lives, since these
ideologies will make our lives more
meaningful as we live. Though sometimes,
political ideologies can be supportive or
critical to the status quo, or can be middle
ground of the two.
Functions of  It offers an analysis of status
Political quo by examining what works
and what does not work, this
Ideology function gives us a picture of
the existing reality, answering
the questions: “what is wrong,
or what went wrong, and
why”?
Functions of
Political
Ideology
 It evaluates alternatives to the
status quo and prescribes a
preferred or desired social
order, this function provides a
picture of an “ideal” alternative
reality and providing an answer
to the question of “what ought
to be”?
Functions of
Political  Last function is, it specifies the means
Ideology by which the preferred or desired
social order can be achieve, this mean
that it bridges the first and second
function and answers important
question of how should change be
brough about, that is, how do we
change the undesired-problem- and
conflict-ridder status quo in order to
achieve our preferred or desired
alternative social order?
Left and Right Distinctions
of Political Ideology
 Left Distinction Right Distinction
Revolutionary or egalitarian
sympathies For reactionary or monarchist

Uses violence and force to

change the status quo
Resorts to violence and force to
maintain the status quo
Radical Liberal Moderate Conservative Reactionary

Status quo
*Fig. 2.5 The status quo in the political spectrum (Baradat 2012)
 02
Political
Ideologies
Anarchism
Anarchism  An ideology that rejects the
state outright
 In this ideology, it teaches
that we can live in a society
where there is no
compulsion of any kind.
Anarchism
Socialism
Socialism
 Two Competing tendencies
Socialism within Socialism
 Fundamentalist socialism
& revisionist socialism –
represented by the
communist and the social
democratic traditions
 Two Competing tendencies
Socialism within Socialism
 Marxists and

communists – they
believe in absolute social
equality by abolishing
private property and
collectivizing product
wealth.
 Two Competing tendencies
Socialism within Socialism
 Social democrats –

believe in relative social

equality to be achieved by
redistributing wealth
through the welfare state
Liberalism  Sees the state as a neutral arbiter among
competing interests and groups in
society, a vital guarantee of social order
 Opposite of conservatism for it favors
change, prefers more freedom and has a
more optimistic approach to human
reasoning and nature
Liberalism
Liberalism
 Understand democracy in
individual terms as consent
expressed through the ballot
box.
Conservatism  Focused on something to be
conserved.
 Resistant to change; adherent to
limited human freedom as it chooses
to maintain traditional values, and at
some extreme versions
 Emphasizes tradition, hierarchy and
authority
Fascism
Fascism  Fascists believe in a unified
national community or
strength through unity. As
such, individual identity is
not as important as that of
the social group or
community
  Is a diverse but its unifying theme
Feminism is the desire to enhance the social
role of women
 Society is characterized by sexual
or gender inequality
 The structure of male power must
be overturned, hence the belief in
gender equality
 Its strands include liberal
feminism, socialist feminism, and
radical feminism.
Feminism
Feminism
Feminism
 Ideas shape human actions and social outcomes. What is
believed by the members of the community has been
drastically affecting their social, political, and economic
conditions, and also their way of life. Liberalism has
influenced human choice, decisions in the market, and
satisfaction of desires. Socialism has been the forerunner of
values such as equity, justice and community life.
Learning about political ideologies is advantageous in
understanding certain political contexts. In the Philippines,
different political ideologies like Marxism and communism
have affected different political-historical events such as the
First Quarter Storm during the Marcos dictatorship and the
formation of different insurgents in the country like the New
People’s Army (NPA) of the Communist Party of the
Philippines (CPP)