AUSTIANE PD

ROLL NO.52
S5 ME

1.INTRODUCTION CONTENTS 1

2.WHAT IS MATTER IN SCIENCE

3.WHAT IS ANTIMATTER
4.PREDICTION
5.COMPONENTS AND ORIGIN&NOTATION
6.ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE
7.HOW TO ANTIMATTER MADE
8.HOW ANTIMATTER IS STORED
9.MATTER-PROPULSION THEORY
10.PROBLEMS IN STORAGE
11.ANTIMATTER EXPLOSION
12.COST
13.USES&ANTIMATTER USES IN MEDICAL SCIENCE
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INTRODUCTION
Antimatter is the twin of almost all the subatomic particles that
make up our universe. The matter in our universe comes in many
forms—solids, liquids, gasses, and plasmas. These forms of
matter all consist of subatomic particles that give matter its mass
and volume. These particles include protons and neutrons (also
known as baryons), electrons and neutrinos (also known as
leptons), and a variety of other particles in the Standard Model of
Particle Physics.
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What is a matter in science?

• Matter is anything that takes up space and

can be weighed.
• In other words, matter has volume and
mass. There are many different
substances, or types of matter, in the
universe.
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What is antimatter ?
 Antimatter is the extension of the
concept of the antiparticle to matter
 Antimatter is composed of
antiparticle,i.e particale with identical
mass and spin as those of ordinary
particales,but with opposite charge
and magnetic properties.
 They are literally the mirror image of
matter
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PREDICTION

Paul Dirac’s relativistic equation of motion for the electron
Predicted the positron, antimatter partner of the electron,
predicted that negative protons must also exist.


Speculated that half the stars may be
made of antimatter.
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 COMPONENTS 7

 Positrons
 Antiprotons
 Antineutrinos

NOTATION & ORIGIN


One way to denote an antiparticle is by adding a bar over
One way
the particle's to denote an antiparticle is by adding a bar over
symbol.
the particle's symbol.
 Antiparticles
 Antiparticles are createdare created everywhere
everywhere in the universe
in the universe
where high-energy
where high-energy particleparticle collisions
collisions take place
take place
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Advantage of antimatter
• It is 100% efficient if converted to energy completely.
• For propulsion system very, small amount of antimatter is
required.
• Impulse produced by antimatter is very high.
• Speed of antimatter is high, it is about 94% of the speed of
light[22].
Disadvantages
• it is not an energy source.
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HOW ANTIMATTER IS MADE ?


Particles of most atoms are accelerated to very
high speeds.


The particles are aimed and allowed to impact
on a target (tungsten)
.

The kinetic energy caused by acceleration
is converted into gamma radiation, positrons and
antiprotons.
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HOW ANTIMATTER IS STORED

Antiprotons can be controlled in
magnetic fields
.

One method for antiproton storage is
the Penning Trap


Super cold, vacuumed, electromagnetic
bottle in which charged particles of
antimatter can be suspended


Capacity = 1 x 1010 antiprotons/week

.

Developers believe that 1 x 1020
MATTER-ANTIMATTER PROPULSION
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THEORY

Scientists and Physicists want to harness this created
Energy.


Proton-Antiproton reaction can be controlled by Magnetism.


Beam Core - Direct one to one annihilation, magnetic
fields focus the energetic charged pions that are used
directly as the exhausted propellant mass.


These pions travel close to speed of light so the
specific impulse could be greater than 10,000,000
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PROBLEMS IN STORAGE

Current trap can only store 1010 antiproton for
one week.



Next stage an improvement to 1012antiproton
Storage.


For complete antimatter propulsion,
1020antiprotons needed to
be stored.
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ANTIMATTER EXPLOSION

When antimatter comes into contact with normal matter,
these equal and opposite charges collide to produce
an explosion emitting pure radiations.


Scientists believe that this energy is more powerful
than any that can be generated by other propulsion system.
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COST

Antimatter is the costliest material to make in this world


According to CERN, it has cost a few hundred million
SwissFrancs to produceabout 1 billionth of a gram.


In 2006, Gernald Smith estimated 250 million dollars could
produce 10 milligrams of positrons which is equivalent to $62.5
trillion per gram of antihydrogen.
 USES
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
With today’s technology, antimatter is being considered for medical, and
rocket propulsion purposes.


Antimatter Propelled Spaceship.


High Energy Antimatter Telescope.


HEAT is another use for antimatter. This project is a NASA program
that uses a high-altitude balloon-borne experiment to study
Antimatter.

Antimatter is a fuel source that produces huge amounts of energy. 1gram of
antimatter can heat 1kg of water to a temperature of about 20,000 times
temperature of the core of the sun.


Energy is mainly due to annihilation of matter and
 ANTIMATTER USES IN MEDICAL 17

SCIENCE

Antimatter-matter reaction have practical
application in medical imaging,such as
Positron Emission Tomography (PET).


It is heavily used in clinical oncology
(medical imaging
of tumours and search for metastases).


PET is also an important research tool to
map normal human brain and
heart function.
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ANTIMATTER WEAPON

An antimatter weapon is a hypothetical
device using antimatter as a power
source, a propellant or an explosive for
Weapons.


Antimatter weapons do not currently
exists due to the cost of production and
the limited technology available to
produce and contain antimatter
insufficient quantities for it to be a useful
weapon.
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CONCLUSION
Due to the highest energy release per unit mass
of any known reaction we can say that
antimatter will be a future fuel but need a
reliable method of producing large amount of it.
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THANK YOU