Examining Cultural,

Social, and Political

Institutions
A social institution
is a complex,
integrated set of
social norms
organized
around the
preservation of a
basic societal
value.

Presentation Title
PRIMARY INSTITUTIONS

• According to sociologists, the term “institutions”

refers to the normative systems that operate in five
basic areas of life, which can be designated as the
primary institutions (Sociology Guide 2020). The
systems include:
• 1. Determining Kinship
• 2. Providing for the legitimate use of power
• 3. Regulating the distribution of goods and services
• 4. Transmitting knowledge from one generation to
the next
In other words, these five basic institutions are
• 5. Regulating our relation to the supernatural. called the family, government, economy, education and
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 According to Macionis
(2012), the family is a
social institution
established in all
societies that bonds
people in cooperative
Family groups to care for one
another, including any
children (DepEd 2016). It
is a group of people
related by blood or
marriage.
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 The way to get started is to
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 Team

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Timeline

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Types of Family by Size or Structure
Nuclear Family.
• A family unit that consists of a
single couple or monogamous
family, that is – the husband, wife,
and their child or children.
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Extend family.
• It is a family composed of parents and
children as well as
• other kin. It is also known as consanguine
family. Filipino families living together and
support each other because this has been
their way of life since they were born.
“Often, grandparents play a large role in raising their
grandchildren, Extended family will often live
relatively close to one another and will come together
during large celebrations.” (Shoope n.d.)
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Types of Family by Size or Structure
Reconstituted family.
• A family unit that consists of one or
both parents who have a child or
children from a previous relationship or
past marriage, but they have combined
to form a new family often after a death
of a previous spouse, or marital
separation, annulment, or divorce.
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Single parent family.
• It is a family composed of parents and
children as well as
• other kin. It is also known as consanguine
family. Filipino families living together and
support each other because this has been
their way of life since they were born.
“Often, grandparents play a large role in raising
their grandchildren, Extended family will often live
relatively close to one another and will come
together during large celebrations.” (Shoope n.d.)
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The secondary institutions derived from Family would be:
 Monogamy. It a form of marriage in which one man
marries one woman.
 Polygamy. The practice or custom of having more than
one wife or husband at the same time.
 Marriage. The legally or formally organized union of a
man and a woman as partners in a relationship.
 Divorce. Divorce occurs after the couple decides not to
live together and that may no longer want to be married
to each other. They agree to sign legal papers that make
them each single again and allow them to marry someone
else if they wish.
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Kinship
• Macionis (2012) defined kinship, as “social bond
based on common ancestry, marriage, or adaptation”.
Kinship can be by blood (consanguinity, or by birth)
marriage (affinity or by marital union), and ritual.

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Ritual Kinship
• A privilege social relationship established by ritual, such
as that of godparents, or fraternal orders. A very famous
ritual kinship is the compadrazgo. A ritual parent-child
relation such as the godparent-godchild relationship
established through the baptism ceremony of Roman
Catholics. At the moment of baptism, godparents and
natural parents become each other’s compadres, or for
women, Comadre.
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ECONOMY
The economy embedded institutions that bring individual choices to provide an increase in
the diverse movements that make up the economic process (Polany n.d.) Macionis (2012)
defined economy as the “social institution that organizes a society’s production, distribution,
and consumption of goods and services (DepEd 2016). The economic institutions assist in the
strategy and flow of decision making of the production, consumption, and distribution of
goods and services of a society to ensure that the needs of each individual are met.
Examples of secondary institution of economics would be:
 Trading
 Credit
 Property
 Banking
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EDUCATION
It is the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values and beliefs. It is a social
institution where the children of society are taught basic academic
knowledge, learning skills, and cultural norms. Education is an integral
part of the development of any nation and society because it is the
primary means of enlightening an individual with every aspect of life.
The secondary institution of education is consists of:
 University
 College
 School.
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RELIGION
It a set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices pertaining to the supernatural
power, whether they are gods, spirits, ghost which are supernatural
beings. Religion plays an important role in establishing our connection
to the divine and developing the belief that there is a supreme energy
that acts as a regulator in our daily lives. Examples of secondary
institutions of Religions include:
 Church
 Temple
 Mosque
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The Other Secondary Institutions
Non-State. Non-state institution is also known as Non-state Actors. They participate
in international affair and relations. They are considered to have sufficient power
and influence to advocate and cause changes in international norms and
development practices. There are many different kinds of local and international
organizations and groups. They include civil society, nongovernmental
organizations(NGOs), international NGOs, economic and social groups, and the
private sector.
Mass Media Institutions. Mass media shapes communication and opinions:
Example: (internet, mobile phones, books, magazines, radio, televisions)

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