Republic of the Philippines GRADE

Department of Education
Region V 12
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SORSOGON
BULAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY & POLITICS

1ST Semester: Quarter 1 – Week 6

ANAYZE THE FORMS & FUNCTIONS OF SOCIAL ORGANIZATION
Learning Activity Sheet 6

Name of the Student: _______________________________________________________________

Grade & Strand: _____________________________ Date: ___________________

I. LEARNING COMPETENCIES FROM MELC`s

After going through this learning material, you are expected to:
 Analyze the forms and functions of social organizations.
(UCSP11/12HSO-IIJ-22)

II. OVERVIEW
Social organization is defined as the system of relationships between persons
and among groups with regard to the division of activity and functional mutual
obligations within society.

Family - serves as an important universal social institution. It is the basic unit of

social organization that is essential part of human society.
There are several types of family structures:
A. Nuclear family (consist of parents and children) is the traditional type of family
structure. This family type consists of two parents and children. The nuclear family
was long held in esteem by society as being the ideal in which to raise children.
Children in nuclear families receive strength and stability from the two-parent
structure and generally have more opportunities due to the financial ease of two
adults. According to 2010 U.S. Census data, almost 70 percent of children live in
a nuclear family unit.
B. Single parent family consists of one parent raising one or more children on his own.
This family may include a single mother with her children, a single dad with his kids,
or a single person with their kids. The single parent family is the biggest change
society has seen in terms of the changes in family structures. One in four children is
born to a single mother. Single parent families are generally close and find ways to
work together to solve problems, such as dividing up household chores. When only
one parent is at home, it may be a struggle to find childcare, as there is only one
parent working. This limits income and opportunities in many cases, although many
single parent families have support from relatives and friends.
C. Extended family (nuclear family with relatives) this structure consists of two or more
adults who are related, either by blood or marriage, living in the same home. This
family includes many relatives living together and working toward common goals,
such as raising the children and keeping up with the household duties. Many
extended families include cousins, aunts or uncles and grandparents living together.
This type of family structure may form due to financial difficulties or because older
relatives are unable to care for themselves alone. Extended families are becoming
increasingly common all over the world.
D. Reconstituted families (spouses and children from previous marriage) Over half of all
marriages end in divorce, and many of these individuals choose to get remarried. This
creates the step or blended family which involves two separate families merging into
one new unit. It consists of a new husband, wife, or spouse and their children from
previous marriages or relationships. Step families are about as common as the nuclear
family, although they tend to have more problems, such as adjustment periods and
discipline issues. Step families need to learn to work together and also work with their
exes to ensure these family units run smoothly.
pg. 1
 E. Childless family - while most people think of family as including children, there are
couples who either cannot or choose not to have children. The childless family is
sometimes the "forgotten family," as it does not meet the traditional standards set by
society. Childless families consist of two partners living and working together. Many
childless families take on the responsibility of pet ownership or have extensive contact
with their nieces and nephews.
F. Grandparent family - many grandparents today are raising their grandchildren for a
variety of reasons. One in fourteen children is raised by his grandparents, and the
parents are not present in the child's life. This could be due to parents' death,
addiction, abandonment or being unfit parents. Many grandparents need to go back
to work or find additional sources of income to help raise their grandchildren.
 It is the basis of kinship- a system of social organization which is based on
recognized family ties.
 Kinship ties is based on descent can be;
 Matrilineal kinship (female line)
 Patrilineal kinship (male line)
 Bilineal kinship (both female and male lines)
Kinship is of three types:
1. Consanguineal that is also known as a kinship by blood. This kinship is based on
blood—or birth: the relationship between parents and children as well as siblings,
says the Sociology Group. This is the most basic and universal type of kinship.
Also known as a primary kinship, it involves people who are directly related.
2. Affinal which is also known as kinship by marriage – it refers to the bond that is
formed through marriage. It can be monogamous or polygamous. Monogamy
which means that a person is married to one person only. Polygamy on the other
hand means that a person has more than one spouse at a time.
3. Social: Schneider argued that not all kinship derives from blood (consanguineal)
or marriage (affinal). There are also social kinships, where individuals not
connected by birth or marriage may still have a bond of kinship, he said. By this
definition, two people who live in different communities may share a bond of
kinship through a religious affiliation or a social group, such as the Kiwanis or
Rotary service club, or within a rural or tribal society marked by close ties among
its members. A major difference between consanguineal or affinal and social
kinship is that the latter involves "the ability to terminate absolutely the
relationship" without any legal recourse, Schneider stated in his 1984 book, "A
Critique of the Study of Kinship."
 Kinship plays a huge role in the kind of society that we are living today. Its influences
affect our politics and economy. One example would be the existence of the political
dynasties.
 Dynasty refers to a succession of rulers from the same family or lineage. Political
organizations follow certain guidelines or regulations to ensure that political processes
are going smoothly.
 Authority – is the concept of right to issue and, using coercive power to enforce a
command.
 Legitimacy – originated from the Latin word “legitimare”, meaning to declare, lawful”.
According to Weber, it is the basis of every system of authority, a willingness to obey,
and a belief by virtue of which persons exercising authority are lent prestige”
Weber’s Theory of Authority is classified into three types:
1. Traditional Authority-is legitimated by sanctity of tradition or custom.
2. Charismatic Authority-is authority made legitimate by a leader with a mission and
vision that inspires others.
3. Legal-Rational Authority-refers to a form of leadership made legitimate by legal
rationality. It legitimacy derived from the power of the content of law.
Forms of Social Group
Groups are formed as an assemblage of people who often interact with each other on
the basis of a common outlook concerning behavior and a sense of common identity. A
social group may consist of two or more individuals who do things together with a common
goal and interest.

pg. 2
Examples:
 Family
 relatives
 couples

Group - is any collection of people who interact on the basis of shared expectations
regarding one another’s behavior ( Kornblum, 2003).
- is consist of two or more people who are bound together in relatively stable
patterns of social interaction and who share a feeling of unity (Hughes and
Kroeler, 2009)
- is comprised of two or more persons who are in social interaction, who are
guided by similar norms, values and expectations, and who maintain a stable
pattern of relationship over a period of time.
- is a specified number of individuals where each recognizes members from
nonmember;
- it is a collection of individuals characterize by:
a) Communication
b) Recognition
c) Specialized roles
Three Requirements for a group
1. There must be two or more people.
2. There must be interaction.
3. The members must be together physically.
Factors that influence Groups
1. Motivational base shared by individuals (based on needs, interests, desires,
noble activities, insecurities, or problems)
2. Size of the group
3. Type of group goals
4. The kind of a group cohesion/unity (the capability to function and
interact collectively in the direction of their goals)

General Characteristics of a Group

1. A group has identity identifiable by both its members and outsiders.
2. A group has a social structure in the sense that each part or member has a position
related to other positions.
3. Each member in a group has roles to play.
4. There is mutual reciprocity among members in a group.

Group as distinguished from other Collection of People like:

1. Aggregate - a simple collection of people who are in the same place at the same time
without interacting with each other.
Eg. People inside the movie house, people riding in an LRT/MRT
2. Category - a simple collection of people who share distinctive characteristics
(age, sex, race, income/social class, occupation, religion, political beliefs,
Ethnicity.
Eg. Males/females in the society; the infants; children; youth; adults/ the aged;
slum dwellers; the middle class; the millionaires
3. Collectivity - Collection of people in a given place and time
Eg. Crowds, masses, public and social movements are temporary groups

IMPORTANCE OF A GROUP
1. A group is a major source of solidarity and cohesion.
2. A group reinforces and strengthens our integration into society.
3. A group shares basic survival and problem-solving techniques to satisfy
personal and emotional needs.
4. A group gives meaning and support to an individual.

pg. 3
HOW IS A GROUP FORMED?
1. The desire to achieve an objective
2. To meet the needs of the individual member
3. People are treated alike by others

CLASSIFICATION OF GROUPS
A. PRIMARY GROUPS
- personal and intimate relationship
- face to face communication
- permanence duration
- a strong sense of loyalty or “we”
feeling
- small in size
- informal structure
- traditional or non-rational
decision-making
B. SECONDARY GROUPS
- Large
- impersonal, aloof relationship
- indirect communication
- temporary duration
- weak group cohesiveness based on self-interest
- rational decision-making
- formal structure

GROUP BOUNDARIES
A. IN- GROUP
 group with which the individual identifies and which gives him sense of belonging,
solidarity, camaraderie, esprit de corps, and a protective attitude toward the other
members.
 The members are loyal to each other and share common norms, activities, goals and
background.
B. OUT-GROUP
 viewed as outsiders by the in-group;
 Any member of the in-group has insufficient contact with the members of the out-
group
 Members of the in-group have feelings of strangeness, dislikes, avoidance, antagonism,
indifference and even hatred toward the out-group
C. REFERENCE GROUP
 Group that is significant to us as models even though we ourselves may not be a part
of the group.
 Is one which an individual does not only have a high regard for but one after which
he or she patterns his/her life
 Its central aspect is self-identification rather than actual membership.

TYPES OF GROUP BOUNDARIES

A. FORMAL GROUP BOUNDARIES
 groups in which duties and privileges are clearly defined and expectations are
prescribed, independent of the person who happens to occupy a given position.
 Individual roles are explicitly designed as president, v-president, secretary, and
treasurer.
 With constitution or set of by-laws.

B. INFORMAL GROUP BOUNDARIES

 Arises spontaneously out of the interactions of two or more people
 They are unplanned, have no explicit rules for membership, and do not have specific
objectives to be attained.
 The members exchange confidences, share a feeling of intimacy and acquire a sense
of belongingness.

CONSEQUENCES OF GROUP BOUNDARIES

a. People gain a clearer sense of their diversity.
b. Ethnocentrism may grow.
c. Serious personal and social problems may arise.

pg. 4
Functions of Social Groups
We typically belong to a certain type of social group, with each group having its
own functions.
The primary group plays a vital part in the socialization process. It forms the social
nature and ideals of individuals especially in shaping the culture and personality where a
person learns social norms, beliefs, morals, and values. On the other hand, secondary
group members tend to relate to others only in specific roles and for practical reasons.
This group helps in fulfilling various types of human needs and brings about social
awareness and social change. Also, this group helps fulfill various special interests in
such fields as sports, dance, music, and others.
An in-group may form within our secondary group such as our workmates, group
mates, or assembly which functions as a group of people who can connect with each
other because of their sense of identity and belongingness while out group functions as a
competitor or rival group that an individual is opposed to.
Reference group provides a standard of measurement. This group has a strong
impact on how a person thinks and acts as it may serve as guide to a member’s behavior
and social norms. Thus, networks function as a social media influencer.
Social networks are influential in a wide range of online platforms used for building
social relationships with other people including sharing of political opinions, likes and
dislikes, and can even show trending societal issues or personalities.

III. ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITY 1 – EXPRESSING MY IDEAS
Direction: Here are the two of the largest Institutions in the community that
play a huge role in society that organize and define social life. In your own words
express your ideas on what are the important contributions of these Institutions in
our lives, in the society as a whole. Write your answer in your answer sheet.

Educational
Religious
Institutions
Institutions

IMPORTANT
CONTRIBUTIONS

ACTIVITY 2 – SELFIE TIME……

Do it in a short bond paper. Then answer the three questions below.

Take a selfie together

with your family,
print and past it here!

pg. 5
 https://freesvg.org/happy-family-vector-silhouette

1. members

2.

3.

ACTIVITY 3 – MY SOCIAL GROUP COLLAGE

Directions: Do it in a short bond paper.
1. Collect or ask pictures from your family, friends, schoolmates, clubs which
you are a member of, your favorite girl groups or boy groups, and your
friends in social media.
2. Paste the pictures on a short bond paper. Showcase your creativity by
adding a variety of designs and artworks in your collage.

IV. RUBRICS- Performance Task

Criteria Score
Creativity (artistry) 5 pts.
Content (relevance to the topic) 5 pts.
Originality (uniqueness, own work) 5 pts.
Timeliness (submit on time) 5 pts.
Total 20points

V. ANSWER KEY
Activity 1 – Answers may vary
Activity 2 – Answers may vary

VI. REFERENCES
 www.shsph.blogspot.com
 Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1- Module 5 : Cultural, Social and Political Organization First Edition,
2020
 Understanding Culture, Society and Politics
Grade 11/12 Quarter 1: Week 6 - Module 6; First Edition, 2020
Copyright © 2020, La Union Schools Division; Region I
 https://family.lovetoknow.com/about-family-values/types-family-structures

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https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kindpng.com
%2Fimgv%2Fxboibh_crayons-ecole-scrap-couleurs-klipart-pinterest-make

Prepared by:

CELINNE G. LAGUERAS DAISY M. BALASTON

pg. 6
Teacher I MT 1

ROSALYN B. HUARDE GLEXEL A. LASAP

Teacher II Teacher I

CHERRILYN F. FORTE JAYSON G. GOYAL

Teacher I Teacher I

ISAIS CALINGACION
Teacher III

Reviewed by:

HENDRISSA D. SICAD
MT I

Checked & Verified by:

ANANIAS G. GURAY
Subject Group Head

Recommending Approval:

MARIVIC A. AŇONUEVO
ASP II, SHS

Approved:

SALVE E. FERRERAS
Principal III

Noted:

LEONISA M. ENOLVA
OIC-PSDS, Bulan II

pg. 7