English 8 Q4 Week 1 7

English
Learning Activity Sheet

Quarter 4: Week 1-7
1
ENGLISH 8
QUARTER 4: WEEK 1
APPROPRIATE GRAMMATICAL SIGNALS FOR IDEA DEVELOPMENT
Name of Learner _____________________________________________________

Section: ____________________________ Date: ___________________________
Background Information
Information presented by writers is easily understood if you (as a reader) are familiar
with the different ways of organizing ideas. In determining the pattern of idea development,
you must consider the grammatical signals or expressions found in the text that you read. For
example, if you are reading a passage and you came across the expressions “due to”,
“because” “as a result”, and “therefore” you can use them as your clues that the paragraph
uses the cause and effect pattern. With the knowledge of grammatical signals, you will then
find it easier to grasp the information and comprehend the ideas shared by the writer.
Below are some of the widely used patterns and the transition devices that go with
them. After reading the key concepts, be ready to accomplish simple activities that will enable
you to successfully work on the final task for this lesson.
Patterns of Idea Development
1. General to particular/specific
This is a pattern of development that begins with a general idea or statement

that is followed by specific details to support and explain it. The details may become
more specific as development continues. The pattern ends with a general idea that
summarizes all the details.
Grammatical signals Example
• for example Angelo can play several musical instruments such
• namely as violin, guitar, saxophone, and piano.
• in fact - general idea: musical instrument
• such as - grammatical signal: such as
• for instance - particular or specific ideas: violin, guitar,
• in other words saxophone, and piano
• like Virtues like patience and self-control are
necessary for this position.
• that is
- general idea: virtues
• indeed
- grammatical signal: like
• specifically
- particular or specific ideas: patience and self-
• including
control
2. Claim and counterclaim
A claim is a statement that presents an arguable position. It reflects your

interpretation, belief, or opinion. The claim typically answers the question: “What do I
think?” To respond to a claim by denying it with a corresponding reason or evidence is
to make a counterclaim.
2
A counterclaim is the strongest argument against a claim. The claim and
counterclaim pattern can be found more frequently in political journalism, as well as
letters to the editor, magazines, and argumentative speeches.
Logical items are words that denote concrete objects, ideas or events, etc.
They can also be called content words because they carry ideas. They provide relevant
information that justify the claims or counterclaims.
Grammatical Example
signals
• claim Claim vs. Counterclaim
• assert Claim:
• truth I believe that Japanese literature was heavily influenced by
• false cultural contact with China and their literature because the early
• contradict Japanese literary works were often written in classical Chinese.
• challenge Claim: I believe that Japanese literature was heavily influenced
• correct cultural contact with China and their literature
• affirm (This is the claim since it expresses what the speaker believes in and
• agree is trying to prove.)
• confirm Grammatical signal: because
• according to
• perhaps Logical item: the early Japanese literary works were often written in
• likely classical Chinese. (This is the logical item which gives pertinent
information to justify the claim.)
• imagine
• might Counterclaim:
• probably According to my research, it was Indian Literature that had an
• see influence on Japanese literature through the propagation of Buddhism
• suggest in Japan. (logical item)
To counter or argue a claim, consider a different opinion or a
contrary view. Then provide the evidence that would back up your
argument.
Proving a claim
• Claim: Green-backed herons in Japan imitate people who feed
bread to fish found in ornamental lakes.
• Reasons and evidence: Those clever birds use pieces of
bread to bait fish within easy reach. Egrets in the Caribbean
also use bread to lure fish. These birds even catch fish using
their yellow feet. They stand in low water on one foot while they
wag their foot in the water to attract the attention of nosy fish.
3. Problem – solution
This is a method of organization composed of two main sections: the problem
and the solution. The problem-solution pattern is used in persuasive writing with the
aim to:
a. convince the reader to support a certain course of action; and
b. make the reader change his or her opinion or behavior by showing a problem
that exists, then providing a solution.
3
In the problem section, the writer aims to identify the different sides of the
problem being discussed and offer evidence for these problems while in the solution
section, the possible support and answers are suggested and explored.
Grammatical Example
signals
Coming to a new school is hard, so we should figure
• the problem is out how to make students feel welcome. New students have
• the question is to fit in with new classmates in an unfamiliar place with
• a solution unfamiliar rules. This problem can make them feel lonely.
• one answer Instead of just expecting new students to make all the effort,
• a difficulty is we can help them fit in. One of us can volunteer to show
• clearly the new student around and sit with him or her at lunch.
• obviously The rest of us can introduce ourselves, learn the new
student’s name, and share something about our school
• to solve
or ourselves. Together let us make our school a friendlier
place to be.
• Problem – New students have to fit in with new classmates in

an unfamiliar place with unfamiliar rules.
• Grammatical signal – this problem
• Solution – help them fit in
- Volunteer to show the new students around
- Sit with him or her at lunch
- Introduce oneself, learn the student’s name and
- share something about oneself and the school to the new
student
In writing a problem-solution pattern, you must consider the following question frames:
• What is the problem?
• Who has the problem?
• Why is it a problem?
• What is causing the problem?
• What solutions have been suggested or tried?
• What are the pros and cons of various solutions?
• Which solutions worked or seemed to have the best chance for solving the
problem?
4. Cause and Effect

It describes how one event influenced a later event or what caused an event
to take place. In this type of pattern, an author may either focus on both the causes
and effects or may address only the cause or the effect.
Grammatical Example
signals
• because Because the alarm was not set, we were late for work.
• because of (signal) (cause) (effect)
• since
Due to Kara’s laziness, she failed the English test.
4
• for (signal) (cause) (effect)
• on account of
Camille could not attend the class for he was ill.
• due to
(effect) (signal) (cause)
• as a result
• therefore
• thus
• that is why
• so
• hence
• for this reason
• consequently
To effectively write a cause-and-effect pattern, these question frames must be given

attention:
• What were the specific events that happened?
• Why did the events happen? What were the causes?
• What were the results or outcomes of these events happening? What was the effect?
• Did the prior events cause or influence the main event? If so, in what ways?
• What is the significance of the event and/or the results (outcomes)?
Learning Competency:
Use appropriate grammatical signals or expressions suitable to each pattern of idea
development
• General to particular
• Claim and counterclaim
• Problem-solution
• Cause-effect
Directions: Use a separate sheet of paper in answering all the succeeding activities.
Activity A. Name that Expression

Complete the given table by placing the grammatical signals in their corresponding columns.
consequently such as for example a solution hence

namely according to due to obviously that is why
Cause and Effect Problem-Solution General to Claim and

Particular/specific counterclaim
5
Activity B. Pattern and Signal Identification
Read the given texts and answer the questions that follow by writing the letter of your choice.
The surface of the Earth is divided into pieces called “tectonic plates” that move.
When plates rub against each other, they do not move smoothly.__________,
earthquakes occur.
1. Which of the following is the most appropriate transitional device to complete the
sentence?
a. Due to c. Because of
b. As a result d. Since
2. What type of idea development is used? (cause and effect)

a. Cause and effect c. General to particular/specific
b. Problem-solution d. Claim and counterclaim
In Japan, most families now celebrate Christmas, not because of its religious
meaning, but purely as a merrymaking occasion. According to the Wall Street Journal,
Santa Claus’s cheery red face is plastered in shop windows in major cities of China.
4
Yes, the Christmas fever is capturing China’s newly rising urban middle class as an
excuse to shop, eat and party.
Adapted from WBT Society, Pennsylvania(www.jw.org)
3. What type of idea development is used?

4. Which transitional device is used to show claim or counterclaim?

a. because c. According to
b. but d. and
Cooking the perfect pizza at home can be quite a challenge. If the oven is too hot,
the crust will burn and if it isn’t hot enough, the pizza may get soggy. ____________, all
you need to do is to get yourself a pizza stone that will get very hot when preheated and
will allow your crust to fully cook without burning it.
5. What type of idea development is used?

6. Which of the following signals will best complete the paragraph?

a. To solve this problem c. Imagine
b. The question is d. For this reason
1
There are many things a student can do to supplement his learning of a
second language. ____________, students can attend churches where the target
language is spoken. They can make many friends and attend numerous gatherings
for free. Through these interactions, students are guaranteed opportunities to learn
and practice the new language.
7. Which of the following grammatical expression will best complete the paragraph?
a. Such as c. Namely
b. Like d. For instance
8. What pattern of idea development is presented in the paragraph?

Activity C. Study Habits

Write a 3-5 paragraph essay focusing on your study habits (how you study) as you go
for distance learning. Underline and label the kind of grammatical signals you have used in
the composition.
Use the following guide questions as you work on the task and consider the sample
and the rubric below.
- What problems do you usually encounter in distance learning?
- What causes the problems that you have?
- What solutions do you have so you may learn best despite not having a face-to-face
class?
- What are the different study habits that you have? What do you do to understand the
topics even without the presence of your teacher?
- How will you prove to the other students that your study habits are effective, and they
must follow your example?
RUBRIC FOR SCORING ESSAY
5 4 3 2
Content There is one There is clear There is Vague or unclear
clear, well- but supporting somewhat clear topic Inadequate.
focused topic. information is but more Paragraph
Paragraph general. supporting answered 0-2
answered all Paragraph details are guide questions
guide answered 4 needed. only about
questions guide questions Paragraph biases.
about biases. about biases. answered 3
guide questions
about biases.
Organization The sentences The sentences The sentences The sentences
follow a logical follow a follow a do not follow a
sequence. The somewhat somewhat logical
ideas are logical logical sequence. Most
written sequence. Some sequence. of the ideas are
coherently. ideas are written Some of the not written
coherently. ideas are not coherently
written
coherently.
2
Mechanics No errors in Few errors are Many errors of Dominated by
and spelling, observed in spelling, errors in spelling,
Grammar punctuation, spelling, punctuation, punctuation,
capitalization, punctuation, capitalization, capitalization,
sentence capitalization, sentence sentence
structure and sentence structure and structure and
grammar. structure and grammar; grammar;
grammar, but meaning meaning at times
meaning is not confused or unidentifiable.
obscured. obscured.
Use of Four (4) or Only three (3) Only two (2) Only (1)
grammatical more grammatical grammatical grammatical
signals grammatical signals are signals are signal is
signals are appropriately appropriately appropriately
appropriately used used used
used
References for Learners
Gonzales, Carolina T., Nelda R. Francisco, Estrella E. De Vera, and Pilar R. Yu.
2018. English for 21st Century Learning 8 (DepEd). Manila, Philippines: Rex Book
Store, Inc.
Oaks, Susan. n.d. “College Writing.” Patterns of Development Overview | College Writing.
Accessed October 26, 2020. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-esc-wm-
englishcomposition1/chapter/text-rhetorical-modes/.
“Problem and Solution.” n.d. Ereading Worksheets. Accessed October 26, 2020.
https://www.ereadingworksheets.com/text-structure/patterns-of-organization/problem-
and-solution/.
. Recognizing Transitions or Signal Words. Accessed October 26, 2020.
https://www.cpp.edu/ramp/program-materials/recognizing-transitions.shtml.
“Student Scoring Rubric for a Well-Developed Paragraph .” n.d.
Www.socialcircleschools.com.
https://www.socialcircleschools.com/userfiles/127/Classes/9665/Paragraph rubric.pdf.
“Teaching Text Structures.” n.d. Idahotc.com.
https://idahotc.com/Portals/0/Resources/282/Teaching Text Structures.pdf.
“Text Structure Worksheets.” n.d. Ereading Worksheets. Accessed October 26, 2020.
https://www.ereadingworksheets.com/text-structure/text-structure-worksheets/.
2
2
Secondary School Teacher I
SYRA Y. MANIO
Prepared:
Activity 3
Answers may vary.
Activity A
Activity B
1. B
Cause and Problem- General to Claim and
2. A s
3. D Effect Solution Particular/specific counterclaim
4. C consequently a solution namely according to
5. B due to obviously such as
6. A that is why for example
7. D hence
8. C
Answer Key
ENGLISH 8
QUARTER 4: WEEK 2
EXPANDING THE CONTENT OF AN OUTLINE
Have you experienced wanting or needing to write about something but do not know
how to start it? Most of the time when we are asked to write, our minds are filled with so many
ideas that we want to say or include in our writings. The difficulty then arises when we cannot
organize these ideas understandable to our readers. As a result, our composition seems to
be out of focus.
Organization in writing is very important that is why outlining plays a very important
role in creating a piece of writing. An outline is like a blueprint that engineers use in building
a structure. It is a general plan of what you are going to write. It helps you group ideas into
main points; thus, providing logical connections.
In outlining we can get information from primary and secondary sources.
A primary source is a record made by people who saw or took part in an event
(originates from the past). A primary source gives you direct access to the subject of your
research. It provides first-hand information.
Examples: autobiography, letters, diaries, speeches, photographs, interview.
A secondary source, on the other hand, is a record of an event written by someone

absent during the given incident. It provides second-hand information and commentary from
other researchers.
Examples: biography, textbooks, encyclopedia, magazine articles, dictionaries.
As we gather information using these sources, we may start arranging the essential
ideas to form an outline. In formal writing, we have two types of outline. The first is the topic
outline and the second is the sentence outline.
A topic outline hierarchically presents your ideas or information by showing which

among them is your main idea and which are your sub-points. It lists words or phrases. On
the other hand, a sentence outline lists complete sentences rather than words or phrases
only.
An outline has three main parts, the introduction, the body, and the conclusion.
The introduction should contain your thesis statement or the topic of your research as
well as the purpose of your study. It should be an “Attention Getter”.
The next part is the body. It is where you will present all your arguments to support
your thesis statement. Develop the body by identifying the main points and supporting details.
Generate ideas by freewriting about the ideas that are related to the topic.
The last one is the conclusion. The conclusion is where you form a summary of all
your arguments so you can arrive at your final position. Write a conclusion that has a
memorable closing.
2
You may format both types of formal outlines (topic outline and sentence outline) in
the same way.
• Place your introduction and thesis statement at the beginning, under Roman
numeral I.
• Use roman numerals (II, III, IV, V, etc.) to identify main points that develop the
thesis statement.
• Use capital letters (A, B, C, D, etc.) to divide your main points into parts.
• Use Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc.) if you need to subdivide any As, Bs, or
Cs into smaller parts.
• End with the final roman numeral expressing your idea for your conclusion.
The number of main points depends on the length of article or essay. Here is what the skeleton
of a traditional formal outline may looks like. The indention helps clarify how the ideas are
related.
I. Introduction -Thesis statement

II. Main point 1 → becomes the topic sentence of body paragraph 1
A. Supporting detail → becomes a support sentence of the body
paragraph 1
1. Subpoint → example to illustrate the main point
2. Subpoint → example to illustrate the main point
B. Supporting detail
1. Subpoint
2. Subpoint
II. Main point 2 → becomes the topic sentence of body paragraph 2
A. Supporting detail
B. Supporting detail
III. Conclusion or concluding sentence
Consider the following examples as you recall the basic concepts in outlining:
Topic Outline
Birds as Insect Controllers

I. How birds help
Main point 1 A. Have a high metabolism rate
B. Eat nearly twice weight
1. 3-oz. to 5 ½ oz. ratio in birds
2. 10-lb. to 18 1/3 lb. ratio in humans
Main point 2 II. How environment helps
A. Vegetation
1. Windbreaks
2. Living fences
3. Shrub buffers
B. Water
1. Farm ponds
2. Grass waterways
Conclusion III. Birds are an essential part in
in the biodiversity
3
Sentence Outline
Birds as Insect Controllers:
Main I. Birds eat insects.
point 1 A. The birds have a high metabolism rate.
B. The birds eat almost twice their own weight.
1. A 3-ounce baby bird will eat 5 ½ ounces of insects.
2. A 10-pound human baby would have to eat 18 1/3
pounds of food.
II. The environment attracts birds.
Main point A. Planting the right vegetation attracts birds.
2 1. Windbreaks provide birds protection.
2. Living fences provide birds nesting and roosting sites.
3. Shrub buffers provide birds protection.
B. Developing water sources attracts birds.
1. Farm ponds provide birds with water and food.
2. Grass waterways attract birds of different varieties.
Conclusion III. Birds are an essential part in maintaining

balance in the biodiversity.
Webster’s New World Student Handbook, Second Edition, p. 3
In expanding an outline, add information that support and strengthen your main topic.
You can cite specific examples in this part of your paragraph.
Here is an example of how you can take your topic outline (Birds as Insect
Controllers) and expand it into a paragraph.
Birds as Insect Controllers
Birds are warm-blooded vertebrates that belong to the class Aves. Most of
them eat insects that’s why they are considered to be insect controllers. They have
a high metabolism rate. As a result, they can eat almost twice their weight. A 3-
ounce baby bird will eat 5 ½ ounces of insects. While a 10-pound human baby
would have to eat 18 1/3 pounds of food.
Most birds live in the forest and grassland. It was known by the researchers
that different types of environments attract birds. One way to attract birds is by
planting the right vegetation. Farmers also install windbreaks and shrub buffers
that protect birds Also, living fences are built to provide birds nesting and roosting
sites. Another way to attract birds is by developing water sources. Farm ponds
provide birds with water and food. Grass waterways attract birds of different
varieties. That’s why birds are often seen in swamps.
Birds are an essential part in maintaining balance in biodiversity. That’s why

we need to protect their habitat and conserve the remaining species of birds in the
wildlife.
Learning Competency with code:

Expand the content of an outline using notes from primary and secondary sources (EN8WC-
IIIc-1.1.6)
4
Activity A. Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it on
your answer sheet.
1. Which of the following is not a description of an outline?
a. It is a plan for or summary of writing projects.
b. It is a general plan of what are you going to write.
c. It is a tool used to organize written ideas about a topic.
d. It is a device used to arrange the title of the stories found in a book.
2. What type of source provides raw information and first-hand evidence?

a. primary source c. tertiary source
b. secondary source d. none of the above
3. Which of the following sources will you use if you would like to get information on current
issues?
a. book b. diary c. newspaper d. notebook
4. Which of the following best describes the secondary source?

a. It presents summaries of the materials.
b. It gives you direct evidence about the topic you are researching.
c. It is usually provided by the person who experienced an incident.
d. It provides you second-hand information and commentary from other researchers.
5. Which part of an outline contains your thesis statement or the topic of your research as well
as the purpose of your study?
a. body b. conclusion c. introduction d. title
6. Which among the given choice below is an example of a primary source?

a. articles b. dictionary c. letter d. textbook
7. All are examples of secondary sources except ____________.
a. biography b. encyclopedia c. magazine d. speech
8. Which of the following is NOT true about an outline?
a. An outline is just additional work for you to do.
b. An outline will make your essay more organized.
c. An outline can make you save time in writing your essay.
d. An outline is a general plan of what you are going to write.
9. What is a topic outline?
a. It supports the main idea in a paragraph.
b. It tells the reader what the entire paragraph is all about.
c. It lists complete sentences rather than words or phrases only
d. It arranges your topic hierarchically and shows what will you talk about.
10. Which among the parts of an outline form a summary of all your arguments so you can
arrive at your final position?
a. body b. conclusion c. introduction d. title
5
Activity B. Complete the outline below using either primary or secondary sources. (1 point
each and 2 points for the concluding sentence)
Topic: Why Swimming is an Ideal Sports for Kids
I. Swimming is a great alternative to other youth sports.

A. __________________________________________________
B. __________________________________________________
II. Swimming provides some unique additional benefits.

A. __________________________________________________
1. _______________________________________________
B. __________________________________________________
1. _______________________________________________
III. Concluding sentence: __________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Activity C: Expand the outline below to make a paragraph. You can use either primary or
secondary sources. Write your paragraph on a separate sheet of paper.
Topic: Whales: The Largest Animal that Ever Lived
I. Biggest Animal in the World

A. Blue Whale
1. dolphin
2. porpoises
II. In the ocean

A. A Cold Water
B. Mammals
1. breath on the surface
2. warm blooded
3. feed babies with milk
III. Sociable Animals

A. Talk by making sounds
1. clicks and whistles
2. squeaks and moans
IV. Concluding Sentence: There is a great similarity between whales

and humans.
6
Rubric for Scoring an Essay
5 4 3 2
Content There is one There is clear There is Vague or unclear
clear, well- but supporting somewhat clear topic Inadequate.
focused topic. information is but more Paragraph
Paragraph general. supporting answered 0-2
answered all Paragraph details are guide questions
guide answered 4 needed. only about
questions guide questions Paragraph biases.
about biases. about biases. answered 3
guide questions
about biases.
sequence. The somewhat somewhat logical
ideas are logical logical sequence. Most
written sequence. Some sequence. of the ideas are
coherently. ideas are written Some of the not written
coherently. ideas are not coherently
written
coherently.
and spelling, observed in spelling, errors in spelling,
Grammar punctuation, spelling, punctuation, punctuation,
capitalization, punctuation, capitalization, capitalization,
sentence capitalization, sentence sentence
structure and sentence structure and structure and
grammar. structure and grammar; grammar;
grammar, but meaning meaning at times
meaning is not confused or unidentifiable.
obscured. obscured.

Gonzales, C.et.al (2018). English for 21st Century Learning (Afro-Asian) Sampaloc, Manila.
“What Does a ‘Good’ Outline Look like? What Does a Full-Sentence Outline Look like? How
Do I Create One? - Answers.” n.d. Rasmussen.Libanswers.com. Accessed
November 24, 2020,
https://rasmussen.libanswers.com/faq/32339#:~:text=An%20outline%20is%20a%20t
ool
“Outlining | Boundless Communications.” n.d. Courses.Lumenlearning.com. Accessed
November 24, 2020.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundlesscommunications/chapter/outlining/
Ryan Lualhati. n.d. “Outlining.” Accessed November 24, 2020.
https://www.slideshare.net/rye07/outlining-10492999.
Calalang, Arian. 2017. “Topic Outline.” Slideshare.net. March 19, 2017.
https://www.slideshare.net/ariandeisecalalang/topic-outline-73298713.
“Writing for Success: Outlining | English Composition II: Rhetorical Methods–Based.” n.d.
Courses.Lumenlearning.com. Accessed November 24, 2020.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/englishcomp2kscopexmaster/chapter/writing-for-
success-outlining-pdf/.
7
“Topic Sentences with Multiple Choice Questions. Accessed March 15, 2021.
https://dhs.dearbornschools.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/259/2013/12/Topic-
Sentences-Multiple-Choice-Questions.pdf.
Honradez.Grade 6-english-reading-outlining-a-two-paragraph-passage
https://www.slideshare.net/edithahonradez/grade6englishreadingoutliningatwoparagraphpas
sage
ANSWER KEY:
Answers may vary

B 10.
Activity B:
B 9.
A 8.
D 7.
C 6. Answers may vary
C 5. Activity C:
D 4.
C 3.
A 2.
D 1.
Activity A:
Prepared:
MARIA CHRISTINA P. BOGNOT

8
ENGLISH 8
QUARTER 4: WEEK 3
SYNTHESIZING INFORMATION USING VARIOUS SOURCES
In your previous lessons, you have learned some techniques used in journalistic
writing. One of the effective ways in writing a credible and reliable article is synthesizing
information from a variety of sources.
Synthesizing is putting multiple sources together to make a cohesive argument, or to
create a new one. Changes in our ways of thinking take place as we read and synthesize.
How do we synthesize?
✓ Know what your sources are saying.
✓ Identify how sources are similar.
✓ Bridge the gap between them.
Ask yourself these questions:
✓ What is the main claim and evidence used in the source?
✓ How do the sources connect and/or conflict with each other?
✓ How can I combine the ideas of both to say something completely new?
Example:
Synthesizing information on bullying using two sources.

STEP 1: Activate your prior knowledge about the topic.
To check your own understanding of the topic, consider the following questions and
possible answers:
• How do you define bullying?
Bullying means having fun at the expense of others.
• What can you say about bullying?

It is an unpleasant experience anyone could ever experience especially in
school and at a young age. Usually, it is done by insensitive people who find joy in
hurting others.
STEP 2: Begin to read selection 1. (Read the news article about bullying)
MANILA, 6 September 2019⁠—

Violence against children, in all forms including online bullying or cyberbullying, has
devastating effects on the physical and emotional wellbeing of young people. This can
create lasting emotional and psychological scars, even physical harm. It is particularly
challenging to address since children are vulnerable and have easy access to the internet,
making them easy targets of online violence.
In the UNICEF U-Report poll conducted in June 2019, almost three-quarters of young
people from 30 countries said that social networks including Facebook, Instagram,
Snapchat, and Twitter are the most common platforms for online bullying. Being
connected online means that school no longer ends once a student leaves class, and
neither does bullying.
https://www.unicef.org/philippines/press-releases/online-bullying-remains-prevalent-philippines-other-countries
9
What are you thinking now? Consider the following questions and possible answers:
• Does bullying affect a person’s well-being?

Bullying in all forms has a long-lasting and devastating effect on the
person bullied.
• Is bullying only limited to face-to-face encounter?

Children nowadays are prone to such especially now that bullying
happens not just through face-to-face encounters, but also through social
media sites, called “cyber-bullying”.
• Why is cyber-bullying worse than physical/ face-to-face bullying?

Cyber-bullying is worse because it has no boundaries, it could happen
24/7, and it has a greater audience.
STEP 3: Continue reading the other selection.
(Read the speech of Angelina Dukic about bullying)
Instead of focusing on their actions focus on their feelings

says Angelina Dukic
Bullying is a topic that has been exercised and entertained millions of times yet
remains a hot topic and causes death among teenagers, depression in the workplace, it
has even been pinpointed as a cause for wars and genocides.
While the bullying definition is broad and can occur in a variety of environments it
usually is a relationship problem and requires relationship-based solutions. Those who
bully are more likely to feel like their friendships and family relationships aren’t very
secure. They are more likely to feel like those who are closest to them make them do
things that they don’t feel comfortable doing and aren’t very supportive or loving.
Let’s look at some hard facts that occur as a result of bullying.
Suicide is the third leading cause of death among young people, resulting in about
4,400 deaths per year, according to Canada statistics. For every suicide among young
people, there are at least 100 suicide attempts. Over 14 per cent of high school students
have considered suicide, and almost seven per cent have attempted it.
Bullying victims are between two to nine times more likely to consider suicide than
non-victims, according to studies by Yale University.
Our research shows that those who have experienced bullying are twice as likely to
go on and bully others. Often, it’s used as a defense mechanism and people tend to
believe that by bullying others, they will become immune to being bullied themselves. In
fact, it just becomes a vicious cycle of negative behavior.
https://www.caledonenterprise.com/opinion-story/8634614-10-year-old-s-speech-on-bullying-wins-king-s-
college-competition/
What are you thinking now? Consider the following questions and possible answers:
➢ Who are the common victims of bullying?

Bullying has been one of the main causes of death among teenagers and even
adults.
10
➢ Where does bullying usually happen?
It could happen anywhere such as schools, and even workplaces.
➢ What are the possible effects of bullying?

It is perceived to be a relationship problem where the bully doesn’t feel a sense
of belongingness, thus resorts to seeking attention by bothering others.
➢ According to research, what urges a person to bully others?

It is recommended that, since it is a relationship problem, it requires
relationship-based solutions. Also, research shows that bullied individuals are more
likely to be bullies to feel superior to others and to avoid being bullied.
STEP 4: With your prior knowledge, combined with the new information you have just learned
from steps 1, 2, and 3, what do you think of bullying now?
When we synthesize, we say what we think and not just retell. Synthesizing has its
formula, my thinking + my reading = changed thinking.
In writing your synthesis about bullying, consider the sample essay below.
An Essay on Bullying
Bullying is an act of satisfying your feeling of superiority at the expense of others. It is

done in so many ways and on different channels. It has been one of the main causes of death
among teenagers and even adults. It could happen anywhere such as schools, and even
workplaces. Bullying is perceived to be a relationship problem wherein the bully doesn’t feel a
sense of belongingness, thus resorts to seeking attention through bothering others. Children
nowadays are prone to such especially now that bullying happens not just through face-to-face
encounters, but also through social media sites called “cyber-bullying”. Cyberbullying is worse
because it has no boundaries, it could happen 24/7, and it has a greater audience.
Bullying in all forms has a long-lasting and devastating effect on the person bullied. It
is an unpleasant experience anyone could ever experience especially in school and at a young
age. Usually, it is done by insensitive people who find joy in hurting others. However, research
shows that bullied individuals are more likely to be bullies to feel superior over others and to
avoid being bullied. That means, they might have experienced being bullied or they have a
great fear of being a victim, so they play the role of being a bully instead of a victim. One author
recommended that, since it is a relationship problem, it requires relationship-based solutions.
Bullying is a rampant issue, especially among students. Policies against bullying were
released to be implemented in schools and other institutions, but still, cases continue to
emerge. As a simple individual who can’t influence the world to fight against bullying, I believe
that in my own simple ways, I could somehow be a good example to people around me. Be a
blessing, not a disaster to one another. Build relationships. After all, it is a relationship problem
that requires a relationship-based solution. Simple act of kindness matters.
Synthesize essential information found in various sources.
11
Activity A: Identify whether the statements about synthesis are true or false. Write TRUE if
the statement is correct and FALSE if the statement is incorrect on the space
provided before each number.
______1. Synthesis means putting together things to come up with something new.
______2. In writing an article or an essay, it is important to get information from different
sources.
______3. We don’t consider our prior knowledge when we synthesize.
______4. When we synthesize, we have to understand the content of the sources we
are reading to be able to fit them together.
______5. When we synthesize, change in thinking takes place as we read.
ACTIVITY B: Synthesizing information on Street Harassment.

Using the procedure you did on example steps 1, 2, 3 and 4 as your guide,
synthesize information about street harassment with the given sources. To know how you
would be rated, please refer to the scoring rubric on page 7.
TASK 1: Activate your prior knowledge about the topic.
To check your own understanding of the topic, answer the following questions:
• How do you define harassment?

• What can you say about harassment?
12
TASK 2: Begin to read the given selections. (Read the article about harassment)
The ever-lasting effects of street harassment
As I entered my teenage years, I found myself revisiting this situation repeatedly.

Although it seemed unimportant as time went by. I still remembered it vividly as ever. Their
faces may have faded, but the words remained echoing in my memory. In fact, over the
next couple of years, several day-to-day decisions I made were driven by this one single
occurrence. I carefully considered every outfit I wore, wondering if perhaps it was too
tight—if perhaps it was too short—if perhaps it may attract the attention I so desperately
wish to avoid.
I used to wonder why I no longer felt safe when walking past the group of men or
while using public transportation or staying out past dark. But the more I dwell, the clearer
it becomes.
We say that women are freer than ever to make their own decisions about what
they do, where they go, and who they talk to. And yet, we see our fellow mothers,
daughters, and sisters going through great lengths to avoid such confrontation.
We see them turning up their collars on public, hiding behind a curtain of hair,
avoiding eye contact with strangers on the metro, putting bags between them and a
passenger on the bus to avoid any sort of physical contact. Are we truly living in a free
society where every single choice a girl makes is based upon the possible actions or
attitude of men?
Adapted from a speech delivered by Shilp Burman Roy, a sixteen-year-old

student and proponent of women’s rights in India.
What are you thinking now? Develop a paragraph by answering the following questions:
• Does the harassment have long-term effect to a victim?

• What does women do to avoid street harassment?
• What are the effects of street harassment to women?
13
According to a Hollaback survey, 60 percent of reported incidents of sexual
harassment happen on the street and 22 percent happen on public transport.
"Comments from You'd look good on me' to groping, flashing, and assault are
a daily, global reality for women, but street harassment is rarely reported, and culturally
accepted as the price you pay for being a woman or for being gay," Hollaback reports.
In view of this, Holly Kearl, founder of the website Stop Street Harassment,
believes that sharing stories and exposing just how often it happens, and the negative
impact it has on our lives, is the key to ending street harassment.
"We can read other people's stories and see that we are not alone; we can find
ideas for standing up to harassers," she explained to CNN.
Consequently, while safety is vital, many women who have shared their stories
also believe it is important to feel empowered in the face of street harassment.
"What makes me sad is how many women begin their catcalling stories by
saying what they were wearing, as though if you're dressed nicely, you're really asking
for it," writes one woman on STFU Catcallers.
"We shouldn't face a battle when we go out in public, hiding our bodies and
averting our eyes.... I wish I could understand why these men feel we would respond
to their attention."
"It's important to be safe. But at the same time, it's important to feel empowered
to stand up for our boundaries and know our rights.
Adapted from: How many women find street harassment flattering?

By Olivia Fleming (July 2013)
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2358515/How-women-
street-harassment-flattering-None-New-wave-websites-reveal-
terrifying-reality-catcalling.html
What are you thinking now? Develop a paragraph by answering the following questions:
➢ Where does sexual harassment usually happen?

➢ Who are the common victims of street harassment?
➢ What is the key to stop or end street harassment?
➢ According to the article, what is as important as being safe?
14
Activity C. Essay Writing. Write an essay about Street Harassment. To come up with an
output, reread the selections in Activity B, Task 2 and 3.
For Print Modular: Use a separate piece of paper for the composition.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Rubric for Scoring an essay
__________________________________________________________________________
5 4 3
__________________________________________________________________________ 2
Content There is one There is clear There is Vague or
__________________________________________________________________________
clear, well- but supporting somewhat clear unclear topic
__________________________________________________________________________
focused topic. information is but more Inadequate.
________________
Paragraph general. supporting details Paragraph
answered all Paragraph are needed. answered 0-2
guide answered 4 Paragraph guide questions
questions guide questions answered 3 guide only about
about biases. about biases. questions about biases.
biases.
sequence. The somewhat somewhat logical logical
ideas are logical sequence. Some sequence. Most
written sequence. Some of the ideas are of the ideas are
coherently. ideas are written not written not written
coherently. coherently. coherently
and spelling, observed in spelling, errors in
Grammar punctuation, spelling, punctuation, spelling,
capitalization, punctuation, capitalization, punctuation,
sentence capitalization, sentence capitalization,
structure and sentence structure and sentence
grammar. structure and grammar; structure and
grammar, but meaning grammar;
meaning is not confused or meaning at
obscured. obscured. times
unidentifiable.
15
References for Learners:
Bonasera, Kevin. Sites.google.com. Accessed October 23, 2020.

https://sites.google.com/site/mrbonasera/reading/synthesizing-activity
Dukic, Angelina. 2018. Caledonentterprise.com. Accessed October 23, 2020.
https://www.caledonenterprise.com/opinion-story/8634614-10-year-old-s-speech-on-
bullying-wins-king-s-college-competition/
Fleming, Olivia.2013. dailymail.co.uk. Accessed October 23, 2020.
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2358515/How-women-
street-harassment-flattering-None-New-wave-websites-reveal-
terrifying-reality-catcalling.html
Jimeno, Jacques. 2019.Unicef Philippines. Unidef.org. Accessed October 23, 2020.
https://www.unicef.org/philippines/press-releases/online-bullying-remains-prevalent-
philippines-other-countries
Muller, Scott. 2016. How to analyze and Synthesize Information. Accessed October 23,
2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B_blopoiFfs
The Secondary English Coffee Shop. Accessed October 23, 2020.
https://secondaryenglishcoffeeshop.blogspot.com/2019/10/synthesis-writing-in-
english-classroom.html
2018. English for 21st Century Learning (Afro-Asian).
2018. TEdxTalks. Accessed October 23, 2020.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pMiAm05HoP0
Answers may vary.

Activity C:
Answers may vary.

Activity B:
5. TRUE 4. TRUE 3. FALSE 2. TRUE 1. TRUE

Activity A:
Answer Key:
Prepared:
MYLENE G. DAVID
16
ENGLISH 8
QUARTER 4: WEEK 4
COMPOSING EFFECTIVE PARAGRAPHS
Writing enables a person to think better. When a student learns to write, he becomes
more capable of understanding and analyzing what he reads. Writing a good paragraph is one
of the essential skills a student must learn in order to communicate effectively. Even in this
digital age, and in any field or profession, writing skill is important and necessary. Through
writing, you can be able to express your views on a particular topic you wish to convey to your
readers.
For some who lacks the skill in writing, it is not always easy to construct good
sentences, and it is even harder to put these sentences together into a well-organized
paragraph. It takes practice, determination, and perseverance to develop such skill.
In order to write an effective paragraph, you must understand the different parts, as
well as the essential elements of paragraph writing.
A Paragraph is a collection of related sentences dealing with a single topic. It is
generally built around three parts: Topic sentence, Supporting sentences, and Concluding
sentences.
Parts of a paragraph
1. Topic sentence- states the main idea of the paragraph. It can be found at the
beginning, middle, or end of a paragraph.
Topic Sentence at the Beginning of the Paragraph
Constructing a wedding cake is a complicated process. Before any

baking takes place, the size of the cake and the decorative design to be used must
be determined. Then the layers are baked. On a large cake the bottom layers may
be as much as sixteen inches in diameter. Because of their size, these layers must
be baked one at a time, a process which may actually take an entire da y. Once the
layers are cooled, same-size pairs are matched and frosted. Since large wedding
cakes are surprisingly heavy, half-inch dowel rods must be measured, cut, and
carefully driven into the bottom layers. These wooden posts provide hidden support
for the weighty upper layers. When all the layers are set in place, flowers, garlands
and leaves of frosting are added. These delicate touches individualize the wedding
cake and transform it from merely a cake into a culinary work of art.
Topic Sentence in the Middle of the Paragraph
When a camera flash is used in a low-light environment, the subject's eyes

may appear red in the finished photograph. What is known as "red -eye" is the result
of light from the flash reflecting off the pupils of the eyes. The phenomenon of red-
eye can be lessened by using the red-eye reduction feature found on many
SLR cameras. This feature activates a lamp which shines a small light directly into
the subject's eyes. When this happens, the diameter of the pupil is re duced, thus
tightening the opening in the iris. Since a smaller pupil means a smaller host for the
reflection, the chances of red-eye occurring are greatly reduced.
17
Topic Sentence at the End of the Paragraph
A study at one person showed that owning a pet can change a hardened prison
inmate into a more caring person. Another study discovered that senior citizens, both
those living alone and those in nursing homes, became more interested in life when they
were given pets to care for. Even emotionally disturbed children have been observed to
smile and react with interest if there is a cuddly kitten or puppy to hold. An animal, then,
can be a means of therapy for many kinds of individuals.
2. Supporting sentences- explain the topic and follow one another in a logical
sequence.
3. Concluding Sentence- restates the main idea or gives a generalization that sets
the tone of finality.
Essential Elements of a Paragraph
The secret in writing an effective paragraph depends on five (5) essential elements;
these are unity, order, coherence, emphasis, and completeness.
Unity in a paragraph starts with the topic sentence which is most often the first
sentence in the paragraph. A paragraph is considered unified when every sentence develops
the point made in the topic sentence. It has a single focus.
Order refers to the way you organize and arrange your ideas. A solid paragraph always
has a definite organization. In presenting the details, you can choose to have the chronological
order, order of importance, or another logical presentation.
Coherence is the quality that makes your writing comprehensible. Sentences within a
paragraph must work together as a whole. In order to achieve coherence, you can use
transitional devices. These words will connect one sentence to the next. You can use
transition words that show addition, order, comparison, contrast, and result.
Here are examples of transitional devices you can use in developing a paragraph.
Addition Order Comparison Contrast Results

also First similarly however therefore
besides Second likewise still hence
furthermore Third as compared nevertheless thus
further with
for example next equally apart from due to
important
In addition Lastly in the same way but as a
consequence,
Emphasis is the principle of the paragraph composition in which the writer would
want to make his point evident by providing a good and interesting introduction and a strong
conclusion.
Completeness means your paragraph is well-developed. It is considered complete if
all sentences clearly and sufficiently support the main idea.
18
Study the illustration below:
Main idea
what the paragraph is

Topic mainly about
A sentence that sentence
clearly states the main
idea
Supporting Supporting Supporting

detail detail detail
Sums up the
An example that tells information in the
conclusion paragraph
more about the main
idea( reasons, facts,
Sample paragraph
Main idea: Hazards of Smoking
Topic Sentence Supporting Details
Transitional device
There are several serious health hazards directly linked to smoking. The link
between smoking and cancer is well known. However, smoking is linked to other lung
diseases like emphysema and bronchitis. Smokers also have a greater risk of heart disease
later in life. This is evidenced in recent court cases in the US where smokers have been
awarded damages from tobacco companies. Further, there is a substantial research that
even passive smoking can have long term effects on health. Clearly, smoking is a
dangerous habit and should be avoided.
Concluding Sentence
Learning Competency with code:
Compose effective paragraphs (EN8WC-IIa-2.8)
Directions:
Activity A. Identifying the topic sentence. In each paragraph below, identify the topic
sentence. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. The best trip my family ever took was to Boracay Island in Aklan. We traveled by
plane and it took us one and a half hour to reach our destination. The white beach
is Boracay’s main tourist attraction. We did cliff diving, island hopping trips,
parasailing, and snorkeling. I like the food best, especially the various seafood
dishes. It was indeed the best adventure I ever had.
19
2. No one likes to eat with a dirty spoon, fork, and knife. It is very important to make
sure that you wash the utensils before using them. Maintaining the cleanliness of
utensils prevents the transmission of germs, viruses, and bacteria.
3. It is interesting to watch a seed grow into a vine or plant in just a few weeks.
Planting seeds and pulling weeds can be a good exercise for anyone. Then, after
watching the plant grow and eventually bear fruits and vegetables, you can enjoy
harvesting your own produce. Having your own garden can be fun and exciting.
4. Families should take a vacation at least once or twice a year. By doing so, they
can spend quality time together without distractions from work and school. Also,
during this time, members of the family can do activities together which are
enjoyable and fun. Finally, during their time away, families can relax together
freeing themselves from all sorts of stresses. Families need vacations together to
relax, to do new activities and to enjoy each other’s company.
5. People should avoid drinking soda. It contains a lot of sugar which makes it an
unhealthy drink. Also, soda has caffeine and other chemicals that are harmful to
the body. For these reasons, people should never consume soda. Instead,
substitute soda with fresh fruit juices, smoothies, teas, and water. Taking healthy
drinks is a great way to look good, to feel better, and to stay healthy.
Activity B. Forming a unified and coherent paragraph. Determine the correct sequence of
the sentences in each set to form a unified and coherent paragraph. Write 1 for the
first sentence, 2 for the next, and so on. Place the numbers on the answer lines.
1. ______More so, they always console me when I am weary and remind me to

trust God always in every decision I make.
______My parents have influenced my life in many ways.
______First, they provide everything I need.
______Indeed, my parents have molded me to become a better and God-
fearing person.
2. ______Whenever I call on to God in prayer, I feel reassured that things

will eventually fall into place.
______Aside from making me spiritually strong, prayers make me a hopeful
person.
______Prayer is a form of communication with God.
______Truly, when prayer is sincere, it makes me feel rich with blessings and
God’s love.
3. ______Sympathetic friends offer you an opportunity to be comforted of

the pains arising from your problems.
______At other times, they assure you that they care by sharing your
troubles.
______In short, friends are people that motivate you to face struggles and
challenges in life in a positive way.
______Sometimes, they will help you to find possible solutions to your
problems.
20
4. ______Transplanting is a tedious task.
______Later, the farmer harvests the grain of rice.
______First, the farmer makes a hole in the mud as he reaches down the
water as he puts in a small rice plant in the hole.
______As the rice grows tall, the fields are drained and the grain starts to
ripen.
5. ______Your introduction or beginning usually presents a brief

description of the topic.
______Then, your conclusion, or ending, summarizes the whole paragraph.
______In writing a paragraph, follow the order of the basic parts.
______The body, or the middle part, enumerates the details that support the
topic.
Activity C. Writing a paragraph. Following the sample graphic organizer, create a
summary paragraph of a chosen topic. Once complete, write a five-sentence paragraph
and underline the topic sentence.
Supporting detail: Supporting detail:

He can easily He can learn new
communicate with things virtually.
his parents.
Topic Sentence:
Having a cellphone can
help a child in several
ways.
Supporting detail: Concluding

Sentence:
A child can call for
help in an A child should have a
emergency. cellphone.
Sample constructed paragraph:

Having a cellphone can help a child in several ways. A child who has a
cellphone can call for help in an emergency. Also, he can easily communicate
with his parents and friends. Finally, cellphones can help him learn new things
virtually. For these reasons, if possible, a child should have a cellphone.
21
Supporting detail: Supporting detail:
Topic sentence
Supporting detail: Concluding Sentence:
_________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
22
Rubric for Scoring Activity C
Criteria 5 4 3 2 1 Total
Excellent Very Impressive Convincing Beginning
impressive
Topic Sentence
Contains one main
idea.
Supporting Details
Presents interesting,
concrete, and
descriptive examples
and details that relate
to the topic.
Organization and
Transitions
Shows thoughtful,
logical progression of
supporting examples
with the use of
transitional devices
Emphasis
Contains an
interesting
introduction; has a
strong conclusion.
Language
Mechanics and
Convention
Displays minor
spelling, punctuation,
and grammatical
errors
Time4writing. "The Secrets to Good Paragraph Writing." Accessed February 17, 2021.
https://www.time4writing.com/writing-resources/paragraph-writing-
secrets/?fbclid=IwAR2C4xSCxeL15MYutBpqZ9gOujeJzoCDE6V6xN0WNBL2Uxdb2TPmt
VI8-44.
Study Package for NTSE. "General English." Rearrangement of Sentences. Accessed

February 17, 2021. https://images-na.ssl-images-
amazon.com/images/G/31/img15/books/tiles/9352037219_NTSE.pdf?fbclid=IwAR283pY
VJQ2JR22cEqbTcuBfl0H3OW_cZk7p79Fosfsb2pK2CZcYEibi-bo.
23
Superdrink.co. “How Healthy Drinks Will Change Your Life: Facts, Tips & Benefits.”
Superdrinks. Last modified May 02, 2020. Accessed February 17, 2021.
https://www.superdrinks.co/articles/healthy-drinks-
facts?fbclid=IwAR3rKdB0bFyYQNGYgJ7hEkBP2IyIuHer2J5IxGoTVX0wilonfNXiwABUs4
Q.
Google Search. Accessed March 01, 2021. https://www.google.com/search?q=sample

paragraph with topic sentence&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=9-
ZDpaFpPY8ppM,1rHzhF0KxNa96M,_&vet=1&usg=AI4_-
kRaRviz8a90NiLEGpjUdKmEhGvCPQ&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwid2vPoyIfvAhWBFogKHa3y
CIUQ9QF6BAgREAE&biw=1422&bih=1014#imgrc=Nk5fFXlF72v-dM.
"Placement of the Topic Sentence." SEA - Supporting English Acquisition. Accessed March
04, 2021.
https://www.rit.edu/ntid/sea/processes/paragraph/process/placement?fbclid=IwAR1Lgdn2
YZWp7t3ahCt6Ooun_45xEtsrxMUhM3d0GvSqVKcAZ0b6Zifumns.
Practice Quiz: Identifying Topic Sentence: MOOC_Reading. Accessed March 04, 2021.
https://e.hutchcc.edu/courses/2136/quizzes/16845/take?fbclid=IwAR1rLXL3yMByixHyLF
NaYlosQi7nz4vwOnVvmTn_77QrqAwuvj4NsYhDtKQ.Bottom of Form
Answer Key
Answer may vary

C.
5. 2,4,1,3
4. 1,4,2.3
3. 1,3,4,2
2. 2,3,1,4
1. 3,1,2,4
B.
Prepared:
5. People should avoid drinking soda.
4. Families need vacations together to relax, to do new activities and to enjoy each other’s company.
Girlie C. Castro
3. Having your own garden can be fun and exciting.
2. It is very important to make sure that you wash the utensils before using them.
Head Teacher
1. The best trip my family ever took was to Boracay Island in Aklan
A.
Prepared:
GIRLIE C. CASTRO
Head Teacher III
24
ENGLISH 8
QUARTER 4: WEEK 5
Develop a paragraph that illustrates each text type
(Narrative, Expository, and Explanatory)
When considering the type of paragraph, you are about to write, you need to consider
a few different questions. What is the purpose of the paragraph? What are you trying to
communicate to your reader? The answers to these questions will guide you as you consider
both the content of your paragraph and the effect you are trying to achieve. There are many
different types of paragraphs. Each type has a different purpose, and writers make use of
different means in achieving each purpose.
Narrative Paragraph
A narrative paragraph tells a story, either real or fictional, by introducing a topic, giving
more details, and then ending with a reflection or transition to another paragraph.
How to Write a Narrative Paragraph

1. Create an engaging topic sentence. Draw the reader into your narrative paragraph
by creating excitement or suspense with your opening sentence.
2. Set the scene of the story. Provide a setting for your story and orient your reader
showing the time when your story happens.
3. Present the story chronologically from its beginning. Start the story by describing
the problem or idea that kicks off the action.
4. Relate the central conflict of the story. Add narrative details to explain what may
happen next in the story.
5. Provide resolution to the story. Present details to the reader as to how the story
ends. In a good story, often this ending will be a surprise twist or simply a happy
moment.
Example
Peddling On My Own
Learning how to ride a bike for the first time was a nerve racking independent moment.
I was about five years old when my sister informed me that I was too old to still be riding a bike
with training wheels. That was the time I decided not to depend on them anymore. Even though
I had some doubt, my sister and I went outside and started to take the little wheels off my bike.
After my bike went through the transformation, I was now ready for the big moment. With
butterflies in my stomach, I slowly got on the bike, and with my shaky hands, I gripped the
handles tightly. Meanwhile my sister was holding on to me to help keep my balance. I was so
afraid that she would let go, yet I was determined to ride this bike on my own. Next with a little
push from her, I started to peddle. The faster my bike went, the faster my heart raced. Finally,
I looked back nervously and noticed that my sister let go of my bike a long time ago. I was so
excited that I accomplished freedom on my bike that I forgot to peddle. The next step I
remember, I was lying on the ground, yet I did not care because of the adrenaline rush. I will
never forget the exhilarating moment and growing up stage of riding a bike without training
wheels.
https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/peddling-learning-ride-bike-first-time-nerve-racking-
independent-moment-five-years-old-sis-q27106746
25
Expository Paragraph
An expository paragraph explains something; its purpose is to help the reader

understand. Exposition often includes techniques such as the use of examples or illustrations
to support a point or the use of some kind of ordering (chronological or numerical, for example)
to help a reader follow a process. Exposition needs to be clear; language is often quite direct
although sometimes a writer may use language devices to help illustrate a point.
How to Write an Expository Paragraph
1. Select a topic and write a thesis statement. It makes sense to start by choosing a
topic for your essay. Sometimes you are given one by your teacher and then you won’t
have the headache of coming up with your own topic. However, if you have to develop
your own topic then you need to make sure it would be narrowed down.
2. Choose a development method. When you have a topic along with a thesis
sentence, you can move on in choosing a development method.
3. Organize your content. You have to know what parts of the essay you are going to
have before putting your thoughts on a paper.
4. Develop topic sentences for your body paragraphs. This is where you bring your
plan to implementation.
5. Write the body paragraphs. Now is the time to put some muscles on the skeleton.
You can write your body paragraphs describing your idea or concept following the
development method selected and backing it all up with pieces of evidence.
6. Develop your introduction. Although it may seem like writing the introduction belongs
to the earlier stages, it is not so. It is much easier to work on the introduction when you
have composed the main body of your expository essay.
7. Write the conclusion. Expository essays should have a strong conclusion that is
based on the preceding paragraphs.
Example
Going to college can be expensive. First, college tuition and room and board can cost
anywhere from $2,000 to more than $10,000 per semester. Other expenses make going to
college even more expensive. For example, books typically cost between $100 and $500 each
term. Second, materials are also very expensive. Paper, notebooks, writing utensils, and other
supplies required often cost more at the college bookstore than at any local discount
department store. For instance, a package of notepaper costing $2 at a discount store might
cost $5 at a college bookstore. Finally, there are all kinds of special fees added onto the bill
at registration time. A college student might have to pay a $50 insurance fee, a $20 activity
fee, a $15 fee to the student government association, and anywhere from $500 to $100 for
parking. There is another fee if a student decides to add or drop classes after registration. The
fees required to attend college never seem to end.
https://www.time4writing.com/articles-about-writing/expository-paragraphs/
Explanatory Paragraph
An explanatory paragraph gives an overall description of something that may be
difficult to understand. These paragraphs are comprised of information that concisely and
clearly explain a process or present other people's opinions or views in detail without being
overly analytical or critical.
26
How to Write an Explanatory Paragraph
1. Choose a theme or concept. Avoid focusing on an opinion; instead, choose a

concept that you know about, such as a hobby, a character in a book, or a pet.
2. Write a topic sentence. This sentence, which is the first part of the paragraph,
should set the tone for the rest of the explanatory paragraph. When writing, ensure
that you do not only state the focus on the paragraph but also include keywords that
will enable the rest of the sentences to center on these words.
3. Ensure that your paragraph has a logical progression of thought and that
readers can easily follow your ideas and explanations. Your sentences should
also include evidential support and should connect to the logic of the topic sentence.
Example
The general principles of making cheese from milk have changed little for nearly 3000
years. The aroma, texture, and taste of cheese depend on slight variations of the process
used to produce it, but all methods consist of two to four basic steps. The first step consists of
the coagulation of the protein ‘casein’ by adding acid or enzyme to the milk. Next, the liquid,
called whey, is drained, leaving a semi-solid cheese, called curds, which may be eaten in this
form or processed further. All soft or cream cheeses are of this type. Hard cheese undergoes
two additional steps in the process. The semi-solid cheese is matured until it reaches the
required level of acidity, at which time it is salted and pressed into forms or molds to give it the
distinctive shape and size of a particular cheese. The final step is the aging process during
which the world’s most famous cheeses acquire their unique flavors from the place and length
of storage. cheese. The final step is the aging process during which the world’s most famous
cheeses acquire their unique flavors from the place and length of storage.
https://aso-resources.une.edu.au/academic-writing/paragraphs/for-an-explanation/
Develop a paragraph that illustrates each text type – Narrative, Expository, Explanatory,
Factual, Personal Count, Persuasive.
Directions: Read the instructions carefully. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
succeeding activities.
Activity A. Table Completion. Write the information needed to complete the table.
Type of
Meaning How to Write the Paragraph
Paragraphs
1. Narrative
2. Exposition often includes techniques

such as the use of examples or
illustrations to support a point or the
use of some kind of ordering
(chronological or numerical, for
example) to help a reader follow a
process
27
3. 1. Choose a theme or
concept for the explanatory
paragraph.
2. Write a topic sentence
3. Ensure that your paragraph
has a logical progression.
Activity B. Identifying Types of Paragraphs. Identify each paragraph as narrative,

expository or explanatory. Write the answer on the space provided before the
number.
__________________________ 1. I remember when I first arrived in the United States. Even
before the plane landed, the little windows in the airplane revealed snow and ice-covered
houses and buildings. As I walked off the plane, cold air crept through the corrugated ramp
that led to the airport terminal. Some people inside the airport were wearing big coats and
hats, which I had seen on television, but never up close. I felt a little dizzy and needed to sit
down, and then my cell phone rang. It was my Aunt Sophia. She was waiting for me outside
in the passenger pick-up area, so I walked quickly to the exit, forgetting all about my luggage.
When the sliding glass door opened to the outside, there was my aunt–a woman I hadn’t seen
in over ten years–wearing a parka and waving her arms frantically in my direction.
___________________________2. Different colleges and universities have differing
engagement levels with the Greek life groups. Some have 0% engagement. The first step into
joining a sorority group is to ensure that, the school one attends to have the Greek life groups.
Secondly, one should determine when the recruitment date is by accessing their offices or
checking online. Do some thorough research about the sorority group before joining. The
information is readily available on the sorority group websites. This way, one can be in a
position to determine whether they want to associate with the group or not.
__________________________3. English is the language spoken throughout most of
Canada, but in Quebec, the most populated province, and in areas near Quebec, French is
the first language. Because of this, Canadians recognize French and English as official
languages that are used in business and government. Many people are bilingual and easily
go from French to English and vice versa when speaking with tourists. The farther west you
go, the more English you’ll hear, but it is common to meet people throughout the country who
are familiar with both languages.
___________________________4. Getting a college education in a private school in the
Philippines is expensive because of several reasons. First, the college tuition fees and
miscellaneous fees range from PHP 10,000 to even more than PhP100,000.00 (depending on
the academic program being undertaken). Second, the books are costly. Third, materials like
papers, notebooks, and other school and office supplies are also costly. Finally, there are also
special fees, like fees for removal examinations or completion of grades. The fees that college
students pay seem not only endless but increasing in prices, as well.
__________________________5. Sunday is the most rewarding day for me because it is the
only day when my family and I can do what we like together. Every Sunday morning, I get up
at six. My two sons and I jog around our neighborhood. At about seven we come home and
have breakfast together. At nine we go to church and come home at about twelve. After having
lunch, at about two we often go to the countryside for a nice walk, or visit a relative, or go
shopping. We often get home at about eight and have a small dinner. After dinner, my sons
prepare the school equipment they need in the following days. Then we usually watch a film
on TV and then go to bed at about ten. Before falling asleep, I often expect that the next
Sunday comes soon.
28
Activity C. Writing a Paragraph. Choose one from the three types of paragraphs: Narrative,
Expository or Explanatory, then write a short paragraph about any topic of your
choice from the given topics below:
A. Most memorable experience in school
B. Things to do at home during quarantine
C. Reasons why online gaming is addictive
________________________
(Type of paragraph chosen)
___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Rubric for Scoring of Paragraph
Criteria 5 4 3 2 1
impressive
Topic Sentence
Contains one main
idea.
Supporting Details
Presents
interesting,
concrete, and
descriptive
examples of details
related to the
topic.
Organization and
Transitions
Shows thoughtful,
logical progression
of supporting
examples with the
use of transitional
devices
Relevance to the
text type
Illustrates the
features of the
chosen text types.
29
Language
Mechanics and
Convention
Displays minor
spelling,
punctuation, and
grammatical errors
Total
References for learners:
Cheg Study. Peddling on My Own. Retrieved March 8, 2021 from

https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/peddling-learning-ride-
bike-first-time-nerve-racking-independent-moment-five-years-old-sis-q27106746
Cleveland Clinic. Corona Virus, Covid-19. Retrieved March 8, 2021 from

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21214-coronavirus-covid-19
EssayPro.Com. How to Write an explanatory essay: Presenting a point of view effectively.

Retrieved March 8, 2021 from https://essaypro.com/blog/explanatory-essay
Faulkner, G. (2020). How to write a narrative paragraph. Retrieved March 3, 2021 from
https://www.wikihow.com/Write-a-Narrative-Paragraph
Google Sites. Basic Language Arts-English. Retrieved March 3, 2021 from

https://sites.google.com/site/basicslanguagearts/home/components-of-a-
paragraph/different-type-of-paragraphs
How to write an expository essay in 7 easy steps. Retrieved March 3, 2021 from
https://papers-writings.net/blog/how-to-write-an-expository-essay-in-7-easy-steps/
Learn American English Online. Write in English. Retrieved March 9, 2021 from
https://www.learnamericanenglishonline.com/Write_in_English/WL13_expository_paragra
phs.html
Pattern Base Writing: Quick and Easy Essay. Paragraph Examples: Expository, Narrative,
Persuasive, Descriptive, and More. Retrieved March 5, 2021 from
https://patternbasedwriting.com/elementary_writing_success/paragraph-examples/.
Read and Write BALL at UKI. Retrieved March 9, 2021 from

https://myreadwritebooster.wordpress.com/writing-3/2-paragraph-writing/6-narrative-
paragraph/
30
31
Teacher I
CLARISE C. REYES
Teacher I
FRANCIS S. CABIGTING
Teacher III
EDNA DS. CABIGTING
Prepared:
Activity B. Identifying Types of
Paragraph
1. Narrative
2. Expository
3. Explanatory
4. Expository
5. Narrative
Activity C.
Answer may vary
Activity A. Complete the Table
Answer key:
ENGLISH 8
QUARTER 4: WEEK 6
Develop a paragraph that illustrates each text type
(Factual, Personal Recount, and Persuasive)
Factual Recount
A factual recount is true or concerned with actual details or information rather than ideas
or feelings about it. Factual recounts are often used in news, police reports, historical accounts,
etc. Moreover, it involves writing factual information such as police reports of an incident,
historical recount, biographical and autobiographical recounts. A factual recount is objective,
and its main purpose is to inform and to entertain.
How to Write a Factual Recount
1. Answer WH questions. To share as many information as you can, try giving details
that answers the questions: who, what, where, when, why, and how.
2. Gather the facts. Gather information from credible sources to support your topic
sentence.
3. Write a summary of the text. Try to paraphrase the information that you have
gathered from different sources instead of copying it word for word. Synthesize the
most important information to form a coherent paragraph.
4. Organize it. Weigh which of the information is most relevant or most important to
least relevant. The most relevant facts should be given emphasis in the paragraph.
Example
PH receives 400K more Sinovac vaccine doses from China

By Krissy Aguilar –March 24, 2021
MANILA, Philippines — The Philippines on Wednesday received 400,000 additional doses of

Sinovac’s COVID-19 vaccine CoronaVac. The doses arrived at the Ninoy Aquino International
Airport (NAIA) aboard a Philippine Airlines flight past 7 a.m. The donated CoronaVac vaccines
were in addition to the initial 600,000 doses that arrived in the country last February 28.
https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1410635/break-ph-receives-400k-more-coronavac-
from-china#ixzz6pzx9oFBH
Personal Recount
A personal recount is a spoken or written account of an event or experience that the
writer or speaker was personally involved in. Personal recounts are often used in a diary,
autobiography, anecdote, journal, and personal letter. Normally, the writer retells an activity to
build a relationship with the reader.
How to a Write a Personal Recount
1. Write your recount in the first person because it happened to you. You may use
pronouns such as I, we, our, or us. For example, "I felt excited," or “We helped in many
household chores during the lockdown.”
32
2. Use the past tense because it has already happened. For example, "It was the
biggest fish I had ever seen!"
3. Recounts are written in the order in which they happened. This is called
chronological order. Use adverbs such as firstly, next, then, and finally.
4. Using descriptive words will make it seem like your reader is there with you.
You may use adjectives in your sentences. For example, "The fish was shiny and
slippery."
Example
When I was five years old, I took an extreme liking to my sister's toys. It made little
difference that I had a trunk overflowing with dolls and toys of my own. Her "big girl” treasures
were much easier to break, and much more appealing. Likewise, when I was ten and she was
twelve, the earrings and make-up that she was slowly permitted to experiment withheld my
attention, while my former obsession with catching bugs seemed to be a distant and fading
memory.
Starlight, Star Bright K Garnett (1998)
https://sites.google.com/site/p5cwriting/references/examples-of-personal-recounts
Persuasive Paragraph
A persuasive paragraph tries to convince the reader that a particular point of view is
worthy of consideration. It wants you to consider both sides of an issue, but it reveals a bias
in favor of one side over another. Facts may be presented in support of a position, but the
writer is not being objective. The point of view is subjective. Persuasive paragraphs may be
found in advertisements, political speeches, and opinion articles.
How to Write a Persuasive Paragraph
1. State Your position. Your audience should fully understand from the start where you
stand and what you intend to argue about.
2. Get organized. Organization starts with a clear, argumentative thesis statement.
3. Persuade with passion. Research what you are assigned, find a way to convince
your reader and develop a real sense of ownership in the argument.
4. Know your reader. Think about whom the writing is actually for or whom you are trying
to persuade. Every reader has his/her own unique needs and wants.
5. Support your argument. Present your argument, support it with strong pieces of
evidence, analyze them, and continually develop a sense of why, what, and how all of
it together makes your stance the correct one.
Example
The school fair is right around the corner and tickets have just gone on sale. We are
selling a limited number of tickets at a discount, so move fast and get yours while they are still
available. This is going to be an event you will not want to miss! First off, the school fair is of
great value when compared with other forms of entertainment. Also, your ticket purchase will
help our school, and when you help the school, it helps the entire community. But that’s not
all! Every ticket you purchase enters you in a raffle draw to win fabulous prizes. And don’t
forget, you will have mountains of fun because there are acres and acres of great rides, fun
games, and entertaining attractions! Spend time with your family and friends at our school fair.
Buy your tickets now!
https://patternbasedwriting.com/elementary_writing_success/paragraph-examples/
33
Develop a paragraph that illustrates each text type – Narrative, Expository, Explanatory,
Factual, Personal Recount, and Persuasive.
Directions: Read the instructions carefully. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
succeeding activities.
Activity A. Identify each statement as FR (Factual Recount), PR (Personal Recount) and

PP (Persuasive).
_____1. This is a text type, which convinces the reader that a particular point of view is
worthy of consideration.
_____2. This type of recount tells that the writer or the speaker is personally involved.
_____3. This type of paragraph is concerned with actual details and information.
_____4. This type of recount used diaries, anecdotes, or journals.
_____5. This type of paragraph may be found in advertisements, political speeches, and
opinion pieces.
Activity B. Copy the chart on your answer sheet then classify the given examples as to what
category each may belong: Factual Recount, Personal Recount or Persuasive Paragraph.
Diary Autobiography Political Speeches Historical Recount

Anecdote News Article Editorial article
Advertisements Personal Letter Police Report
Factual Recount Personal Recount Persuasive Paragraph
Activity C. Writing a Paragraph. Choose one from the three types of paragraphs: Factual
Recount, Personal Recount, or Persuasive Paragraph, then write a short paragraph about
one of the suggested topics below:
1. What am I 20 Years from Now?

2. Benefits of Studying before Exam
3. Prevention of the Spread of Coronavirus
34
________________________
(Type of paragraph chosen)
___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Rubric for Scoring of Paragraph
Criteria 5 4 3 2 1
impressive
Topic Sentence
Contains one main
idea.
Supporting Details
Presents interesting,
concrete, and
descriptive examples
and details that
relate to the topic.
Organization and
Transitions
Shows thoughtful,
logical progression of
supporting examples
with the use of
transitional devices
Relevance to the
text type
Illustrates the
features of the
chosen text types.
Language
Mechanics and
Convention
Displays minor
spelling, punctuation,
and grammatical
errors
Total
35
References for learners:
Aguilar, K. “PH receives 400K more Sinovac vaccine doses from China.” Philippine Daily
Inquirer. March 24, 2021. Retrieved from https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1410635/break-
ph-receives-400k-more-coronavac-from-china#ixzz6pzx9oFBH
Google Sites. Basic Language Arts-English. Retrieved March 3, 2021 from
https://sites.google.com/site/basicslanguagearts/home/components-of-a-
paragraph/different-type-of-paragraphs
How to write a recount. Retrieved March 3, 2021 from
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/z2yycdm/articles/zgfhcj6
Kwandinata, A. How to write a Factual Writing. Retrieved March 3, 2021 from
https://prezi.com/0nyjf9vpui35/how-to-write-a-factual-writing/
Learn American English Online. Write in English. Retrieved March 3, 2021 from
https://www.learnamericanenglishonline.com/Write_in_English/WL14_persuasive_para
graphs.html
Nooh, J. (n.d.). Personal Recounts – Language Features and Structure. Retrieved March 3,
2021 from https://prezi.com/kuhw2m9jc0dn/personal-recounts-language-features-and-
structure/
Pattern Base Writing: Quick and Easy Essay. Paragraph Examples: Expository, Narrative,
Persuasive, Descriptive, and More. Retrieved March 5, 2021 from
https://patternbasedwriting.com/elementary_writing_success/paragraph-examples/.
PB Works. Narrative Paragraphs. Retrieved March 3, 2021 from
http://english120.pbworks.com/w/page/19006987/narrative%20paragraphs
P5C Writing. Examples of Personal Recounts. Retrieved March 5, 2021 from
https://sites.google.com/site/p5cwriting/references/examples-of-personal-recounts
Williams, B. (n.d.). How to do an Explanatory Paragraph. Retrieved March 3, 2021 from
https://classroom.synonym.com/make-concept-map-4469347.html
Time 4 Writing.com. Expository Paragraphs. Retrieved March 5, 2021 from
https://www.time4writing.com/articles-about-writing/expository-paragraphs/
University of New England. Explanation Paragraphs. Retrieved March 5, 2021 from
https://aso-resources.une.edu.au/academic-writing/paragraphs/for-an-explanation/
Your Dictionary. Factual Meaning. Retrieved March 3, 2021 from
https://www.yourdictionary.com/factual
Answer Key:
Answers may vary

Activity C. Writing a Paragraph
5. PP
4. PR
3. FR
2. PR
1. PP
Activity A. Identify the Statements
36
Activity B:
Factual Recount Personal Recount Persuasive Paragraph
Historical Recount Personal Letter Editorial Article

Autobiography Anecdote Advertisements
News Article Diary Political Speeches
Police Report
Prepared:
EDNA DS. CABIGTING

Secondary School Teacher III
FRANCIS S. CABIGTING
CLARISE C. REYES
37
ENGLISH 8
QUARTER 4: WEEK 7
SPEECH CONVENTIONS
The word convention is used where there is a generally accepted usage or practice.
The conventions of written English include such aspects as punctuation, the layout of a letter
or a curriculum vitae, the format of a book. In oral language, there are conventions for formal
debates, sermons, or speeches of welcome.
A speech is simply an official verbal presentation that is meant to achieve a

certain goal. It aims to convince your audience to get into your idea, to pay attention to
your subject of discussion, or often to convince listeners of a particular point of view.
Good delivery of the speech is a process of presenting a clear, coherent message
interestingly. It conveys the speaker’s ideas clearly, interestingly, and without distracting the
audience.
Basic Speech Outline

1. Opening – used of a rhetorical question, a surprising statement, or a famous quote.
Cohesive devices that can be use: first, in fact , if, for...
2. Body- where you make your arguments.
Cohesive devices that can be use: for example, some, next, and...
3. Conclusion- contains everything you said or it may be summing it up, giving
reminders/motivational quotes, or ending up your speech with a question.
Cohesive devices that can be use: finally, to sum it up, therefore...
Sample speech
Wealth
The concept of wealth can mean different things to different people. For
OPENIN some people, it is having a nice home to live in, a comfortable car to drive
G around town, a sufficient bank balance to meet all expenses, and more
than enough money to see through life after retirement. For others, it is
living in luxurious fashion in opulence and splendor with tons and tons of
money at their disposal. Each person has their own specific idea of what
wealth means. Their notion of wealth probably arises from their idea of
what they would do if they had all the money in the world.
Wealth is earned in many ways by different people. Some are blessed
with wealth from the moment they are born. Their family could be rich and
BODY
then they inherit the wealth without any toil of their own. Others work
extremely hard to earn their living. They would either work on two or three
jobs, or try to launch a profitable business. So, wealth can be gained in
many different ways.
However, wealth is not truly beneficial if the person earning it has no time
to enjoy the benefits of it. Many people work so hard to earn a lot of
CLOSING money that they hardly have any time to spend it. Others have a lot of
time on their hands with no money to spend too, but that is another story.
Therefore, the best form of wealth is when people have the amount of
money they want and have enough time to spend it. This is the kind of
lifestyle that can really give meaning to the wealth that people have at their
disposal.
38
Speech Conventions:
1. Conversational quality is a speaker’s ability to prepare a speech and rehearse a
speech but still sound spontaneous when delivering it.
2. Conversational style is a speaker’s ability to sound expressive while being perceived
by the audience as natural.
3. Eye contact helps capture and maintain an audience’s interest while contributing to
the speaker’s credibility. It is a speaker’s ability to have visual contact with everyone in
the audience. Your audience should feel that you’re speaking to them.
4. Vocalics are the nonverbal components of the verbal message.
Six vocalic components for a speaker to be aware of:
a. Volume (loudness or softness) – As a speaker, you must be loud enough to be
heard by everyone in the room, but not so loud that you sound unnatural or
bossy.
b. Pitch (highness or lowness) – The effective use of pitch is one of the keys to
an interesting delivery that will hold your audience’s attention. When we change
the pitch of our voices, we are using inflections. There are some speakers who
don’t change their pitch at all while speaking, which is called monotone.
c. Rate (fastness or slowness) - The combination of slow and fast speed makes
your speech more engaging.
Fast: indication of passion, urgency, excitement, and emotion.
Slow: indication of importance, sadness, confusion, the seriousness of
a point or the introduction of new ideas (use to help the audience
grasp what you are saying).
d. Pauses (use of breaks to add emphasis)- are brief breaks in a speaker’s
delivery that can show emphasis and enhance the clarity of a message.
e. Vocal Variety (use of a range of vocalic strategies)- has to do with changes in
the vocalics: volume, pitch, rate, and pauses. No one wants to hear the same
volume, pitch, rate, or use of pauses over and over again in a speech.
f. Pronunciation (using conventional patterns of speech formation)- Word
pronunciation is important for two reasons: first, mispronouncing a word your
audience is familiar with will harm your credibility as a speaker; and second,
mispronouncing a word they are unfamiliar with can confuse and even
misinform them.
One of the most important aspects is volume. It is also necessary to vary the
pitch, rate, and tone of your voice to avoid sounding monotonous. Effective use of
vocalics also means that you make use of appropriate pitch, pauses, vocal variety, and
correct pronunciation.
5. Physical manipulation is the use of one’s body to add meaning and emphasis to a
speech. It includes the following:
a. Posture
• Standing up straight when you communicate to your audience to
indicate a position of power and that you take your position seriously
• Slouching, hunched over, or leaning on something to indicate ill-
preparedness, anxiety, lacking in credibility, or not serious about your
responsibilities as a speaker
b. Body Movement
• Nodding the head to show approval
• Shaking of the head to show disapproval
39
• Raising the right arm, palms down or palms up to emphasize a word
or idea
• Waving hands to suggest a greeting
• Pointing behind to indicate the past
• Pointing forward to indicate the future
• Clenching your fist to show determination or power
• Clasping both hands to express faith
• Taking few steps any time, you transition from one idea to the next
c. Facial Expressions
• Opening of the eyes to show joy or surprise
• Curling of the lips in contempt
• Flashing a smile to express positive mood
• Frowning to show sadness
• Wrinkling of brows to indicate confusion
Deliver a self-composed speech using all the needed speech conventions
Activity A. Read each statement below carefully. Write TRUE if you think the statement is
correct and FALSE if you think if the statement is NOT. Answers should be written on the
blank before each statement.
______ 1. Word pronunciation is important in delivering a good speech.
______ 2. Conversational style is a speaker’s ability to sound unspontaneous.
______ 3. Effective use of vocalics also means that you make use of appropriate pitch,
pauses, vocal variety, and correct pronunciation.
______ 4. Physical manipulation is the use of one’s body to add meaning and emphasis to a
speech.
______ 5. There are no conventions for formal debates or sermons, or speeches of welcome.
______ 6. As speakers, we must be acutely aware of what our face looks like while speaking.
______ 7. A monotone speaker changes their pitch while delivering the speech.
______ 8. Pauses are brief breaks in a speaker’s delivery that can show emphasis and
enhance the clarity of a message.
______ 9. Volume refers to the fastness or slowness of a speaker’s voice.
______ 10. Eye contact helps capture and maintain an audience’s interest.
Activity B. Choose one from the given topics below and compose a speech on a separate
sheet of paper. Then identify the introduction, body and conclusion. Color the cohesive
devices you used in your speech.
1. Humans are addicted to technology

2. Clothes define a person
3. Computer-based learning is most effective
4. Media has a negative influence on teenagers
5. Travel brings new experiences
40
Rubric For Scoring A Self-Composed Speech
LEVEL SCORE SCORING CRITERIA

Organization of complex ideas is substantially logical,
Advanced 25 coherent, and relevant which helps convey message clearly.
Cohesive devices are used appropriately and correctly.
Organization of complex ideas is somehow logical, coherent,
Proficient 20 - 24 and relevant which helps convey message. Cohesive devices
are used appropriately and correctly.
Organization of complex ideas is slightly logical, coherent,
Approach
15- 19 and relevant which somehow helps convey message.
Proficiency
Cohesive devices are used inappropriately and incorrectly.
Organization of complex ideas is slightly illogical, incoherent,
Developing 10 - 14 and irrelevant which helps a little to convey message.
Cohesive devices are not present.
Organization of complex ideas is illogical, incoherent, and
Beginning 5 -9
irrelevant. Cohesive devices are not present.
Activity C. Deliver the speech that you made in the previous activity. Use the rubric below as
your guide in delivering your speech.
Mode of submission
1. For those who have internet access at home send the video to your teacher through
any chosen learning management system (via Google Meet, Google Classroom,
Zoom, FB Messenger, etc).
2. For those who do not have internet access you may save the video in a flash drive
memory card or cd which you will submit alongside this activity sheet.
3. For those who do not have both you may call the teacher to deliver your speech.
Rubric for Scoring Delivering A Self-Composed Speech
Criteria 10 9-7 6-4 3-1 Score

Understanding Correctly Correctly Correctly Correctly
of the Speech uses all the uses many uses some uses few
Conventions conventions. conventions. conventions. conventions.
Use of Correctly Correctly Correctly Correctly
Vocalics uses all the uses many uses some uses few
vocalic vocalic vocalic vocalic
components. components. components. components.
Use of Correctly Correctly Correctly Correctly
Physical uses all uses many uses some uses few the
Manipulation physical physical physical physical
manipulation manipulation manipulation manipulation
techniques. techniques. techniques. techniques.
41
REFLECTION: Use the chart below to rate your understanding of the lesson as a whole and
your performance in the various tasks.
Very Need
Excellent Satisfactory
Satisfactory Importance
Understanding
of the lesson
Task
performance
The activity that I liked best is ___________________________________

because ________________________________________________________________.
The activity that I need to improve on is __________________________________
because ________________________________________________________________.
The activity that I want to share is __________________________________
because ________________________________________________________________.
References for Learners:
Department of Education. “Textbook English I: First Year High School, !st Ed. Philippines:
Quezon City. 1989.
“Speech Delivery • My Speech Class.” 2009. My Speech Class. May 11, 2009.
https://www.myspeechclass.com/delivery.html.
“Delivering the Speech.”a.n.d. Saylordotorg.github.io.
https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_stand-up-speak-out-the-practice-and-ethics-of-
public-speaking/s17-delivering-the-speech.html
“Academic Writing Service.” Writemypapers.org. Accessed March 8, 2021.
https://www.writemypapers.org/examples-and-samples/essay-on-wealth.html
Answer key:
10.TRUE ACTIVITY C: PERFORMANCE TASK

9. FALSE
8. TRUE ACTIVITY B:ANSWERS MAY VARY
7. FALSE
6.TRUE
5. FALSE
4. TRUE
3. TRUE
2. FALSE
1. TRUE
ACTIVITY A:
Prepared:
BENILDA P. MANITI
42

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Learning Activity Sheet

Name of Learner _____________________________________________________

This is a pattern of development that begins with a general idea or statement

2. Claim and counterclaim

A claim is a statement that presents an arguable position. It reflects your

• Problem – New students have to fit in with new classmates in

4. Cause and Effect

To effectively write a cause-and-effect pattern, these question frames must be given

Activity A. Name that Expression

consequently such as for example a solution hence

Cause and Effect Problem-Solution General to Claim and

2. What type of idea development is used? (cause and effect)

3. What type of idea development is used?

4. Which transitional device is used to show claim or counterclaim?

5. What type of idea development is used?

6. Which of the following signals will best complete the paragraph?

8. What pattern of idea development is presented in the paragraph?

Activity C. Study Habits

References for Learners

In outlining we can get information from primary and secondary sources.

Examples: autobiography, letters, diaries, speeches, photographs, interview.

A secondary source, on the other hand, is a record of an event written by someone

Examples: biography, textbooks, encyclopedia, magazine articles, dictionaries.

A topic outline hierarchically presents your ideas or information by showing which

I. Introduction -Thesis statement

Birds as Insect Controllers

Conclusion III. Birds are an essential part in maintaining

Webster’s New World Student Handbook, Second Edition, p. 3

Birds as Insect Controllers

Birds are an essential part in maintaining balance in biodiversity. That’s why

Learning Competency with code:

2. What type of source provides raw information and first-hand evidence?

4. Which of the following best describes the secondary source?

6. Which among the given choice below is an example of a primary source?

Topic: Why Swimming is an Ideal Sports for Kids

I. Swimming is a great alternative to other youth sports.

II. Swimming provides some unique additional benefits.

III. Concluding sentence: __________________________________________

Topic: Whales: The Largest Animal that Ever Lived

I. Biggest Animal in the World

II. In the ocean

III. Sociable Animals

IV. Concluding Sentence: There is a great similarity between whales

References for Learners

Answers may vary

MARIA CHRISTINA P. BOGNOT

Synthesizing information on bullying using two sources.

• What can you say about bullying?

MANILA, 6 September 2019⁠—

• Does bullying affect a person’s well-being?

• Is bullying only limited to face-to-face encounter?

• Why is cyber-bullying worse than physical/ face-to-face bullying?

STEP 3: Continue reading the other selection.

(Read the speech of Angelina Dukic about bullying)

Instead of focusing on their actions focus on their feelings

➢ Who are the common victims of bullying?

➢ What are the possible effects of bullying?

➢ According to research, what urges a person to bully others?

Bullying is an act of satisfying your feeling of superiority at the expense of others. It is

ACTIVITY B: Synthesizing information on Street Harassment.

TASK 1: Activate your prior knowledge about the topic.

• How do you define harassment?

The ever-lasting effects of street harassment