TE-222-S4

PHYSICS
Thermodynamics
 BGMEA University of Fashion & Technology (BUFT)

Department of Textile Engineering

Course Title: Physics-I

Submitted Submitted to:

by:
1. Jisan Abdullaj (222-157-801) Frijia Mortuza
2. Fahim Noor (222-158-801) Assistant professor, BUFT
3. Ruhaniat Tasbi (222-166-801) Department of Textile Engineering
4. Abir Hasan (222-167-801)
5. Tiaba Tabassum (222-173-801)
Section: 4, Batch: 222 Submission date : 18-05-23
 Definations related

Thermodynamics
Presented by
Jisan Abdullah
222-157-801
1. Molar heat capacity:
The molar heat capacity is the amount of energy
required to raise the temperature of one mole of
a substance by one degree; its units in the SI
system are J/mol · K.
 2. Specific heat capacity :
The specific heat capacity is defined as the quantity of heat
(J) absorbed per unit mass (kg) of the material when its
temperature increases 1 K (or 1 °C), and its units are J/(kg
K) or J/(kg °C).

2. Thermodynamic system :
A thermodynamic system is defined as a quantity of matter or a
region in space that is of interest. The mass or region outside the
system is called the surroundings, and the surface that separates
the system and the surroundings is called the boundary.
 Applications of thermodynamics in the textile industry:

Dyeing and Printing: Thermodynamics is essential in dyeing and printing processes.

Dye molecules need to be able to migrate from the dye bath to the textile substrate for
effective coloration. Thermodynamic principles, such as diffusion and solubility, help
determine the conditions under which dye molecules can efficiently penetrate the textile fibers.
02
four types of thermodynamic
processes
Presented by
Fahim Noor 158
Ruhaniat Tasbi 166
 1. Isobaric process :
During an isobaric process, the system remains at a constant pressure while other properties,
such as volume, temperature, or internal energy, may change.

For example, if a gas in a container is allowed to expand or contract while the pressure is kept
constant, it would undergo an isobaric process. In this case, the work done by or on the system
is equal to the pressure multiplied by the change in volume

According to the first law of thermodynamics,an isobaric process can be expressed as:
ΔQ = ΔU + PΔV
where ΔQ=heat added to the system, ΔU=change in internal energy of the system,
P=constant pressure, and ΔV=change in volume
 2. Isochoric process :
An isochoric process is a thermodynamic process in which the volume of the system remains
constant while other properties, such as pressure, temperature, or internal energy, may
change.

An example of an isochoric process is when a gas is trapped in a container with a fixed volume
and heated, causing the pressure and temperature to increase. Since the volume is constant,
the gas cannot expand, and no work is done. Therefore, all the heat added to the system goes
into increasing the internal energy of the gas

According to the first law of thermodynamics,an isochoric process can be expressed as:
ΔQ = ΔU
where ΔQ=heat added to the system, and ΔU=change in internal energy of the system.
 Applications of thermodynamics in the textile industry:

Heat Setting and Shrinkage Control: Thermodynamics is involved in the heat

setting of textile fibers to impart dimensional stability. Heat is applied to the fabric under
controlled conditions to induce molecular rearrangements and reduce the tendency of fibers
to shrink or deform. Understanding the thermodynamic behavior of different fiber types helps
in optimizing heat setting processes and achieving desired fabric properties.
 3. Isothermal process :
An isothermal process is a thermodynamic process where the system is maintained at a
constant temperature while other properties, such as pressure, volume, or internal energy, may
change

An example of an isothermal process is the expansion or compression of an ideal gas in a

system that is perfectly insulated and in thermal contact with a heat reservoir. In this case, the
temperature of the gas remains constant throughout the process, and the pressure and volume
adjust accordingly.

According to the first law of thermodynamics,an Isothermal process can be expressed as

ΔQ = W

where ΔQ=heat added to the system and W= total work done

 4. Adiabatic process:
An adiabatic process is a thermodynamic process in which no heat is exchanged between the
system and its surroundings

Because there is no heat transfer, the internal energy of the system remains constant during an
adiabatic process

An example of an adiabatic process is the compression or expansion of a gas in a perfectly

insulated cylinder, such as in a diesel engine or a gas turbine. In this case, the gas is
compressed or expanded without any heat transfer, and the temperature, pressure, and
volume of the gas change accordingly

Accordingly to The first law of thermodynamics can be expressed for an adiabatic process as:
ΔU = -W
where ΔU=change in internal energy of the system, and W=work done system.
 Applications of thermodynamics in the textile industry:

Thermal Comfort: Thermodynamics is instrumental in understanding and improving

thermal comfort properties of textiles. The heat and moisture transfer mechanisms through
textiles and their interaction with the human body are influenced by thermodynamic principles.
01
Three types of thermodynamic system

Presented by
Abir Hasan
222-167-801
1. Closed system
A closed system, also known as a control
mass, is a system that does not exchange
matter with its surroundings. However, it can
exchange energy in the form of heat or work.
The total mass of a closed system remains
constant.

Example-When we boil water with a closed

lid, the heat can exchange but matter cannot
2. Open system
An open system, also referred to as a control
volume, is a system that can exchange both
energy and matter with its surroundings. It
can receive or release mass, energy, or both
across its boundaries.

Example-Soup Boiling in an Open Cooking

Pan.
3. Isolated system
An isolated system is one that does not
exchange either matter or energy with its
surroundings. It is a closed system that is
thermally and mechanically insulated from its
environment. In practice, perfectly isolated
systems are rare, but certain systems can be
approximated as isolated over short periods
of time.

Example- Flask
 Applications of thermodynamics in the textile industry:

Moisture Management: Textiles interact with moisture from the environment or human
body, and thermodynamics influences these moisture management properties. The
equilibrium moisture content of textiles is affected by factors like temperature, relative
humidity, and fiber structure. Understanding the thermodynamics of water absorption and
desorption helps in designing textiles with improved moisture wicking, breathability, and
comfort.
Thank you