You use will / won’t for future predictions.

Example:
•The world’s population will reach 10 billion in the
year 2050.
•People will live until they are 100 years old.
•I will buy a car soon.
•I won’t talk to you again.
•She won’t play with the baby.
•They won’t get married.
Questions
Will you get a promotion next year?
Yes, I think I will!
Will he travel to the U.S.A. next year?
No, he won’t.
Will the economy improve next year?
Yes, it will.
Will we buy a house next year?
No, we won’t.
We use zero conditional to talk about things that are
generally true. It describes what happens in general.
We can make a zero conditional sentence with
two present simple verbs (one in the if clause and
one in the main clause):
If + present simple, .... present simple
Examples:
• If you heat water to 100 C, it boils.
• If you lose an e-reader, you lose all your books.
• If people eat too much, they get fat.
• If you touch a fire, you get burned.
The first (1st) conditional is the possible conditional.
It is used to talk about possible future events and
their likely results. It describes a particular situation.
You can use the first conditional to talk about
predictions, superstitions, future plans, warnings &
threats, and offers & suggestions. These are things
that are real, so this conditional is also called
the future real conditional.
There is an if clause (also called the conditional-
clause) and a main clause or result clause:
If + present simple, will + verb
Examples:
•If you don’t hurry, you’ll be late for work.
•If you stay out in the rain too long, you’ll get sick.
•If you see a coin on the ground and pick it up, it will
bring you good luck.
•If you have an extra ticket, I’ll go to the concert
with you.
•If you go shopping tomorrow, I’ll go with you.
•If you don’t come to my birthday party, I’ll never
speak to you again.
•If you say that again, I will hurt you!
 If you sit in the sun, you get burned: Here I'm talking about
every time a person sits in the sun - the burning is a natural result of
sitting. >ZERO COND.

 If you sit in the sun, you'll get burned: Here I'm talking about
what will happen today, another day might be different. >FIRST
COND.

• If you leave the milk out, it spoils.

• If you leave the milk out, it will spoil.

• If she doesn't call, I'm annoyed.

• If she doesn't call, I'll be annoyed.
 If + present simple, …present simple

Complete the phrases using Zero Conditional.

1. If she wakes up late, _____________________
2. If I try to cook, _______________________
3. If you smoke, _______________________
4. If you eat too much chocolate, ______________
5. If you practice a sport, _____________________
6. If I don’t study, ____________________
 If + present simple, will + verb

Complete the phrases using First Conditional.

1. If you drive too fast, __________________
2. If you stay awake all night,
__________________
3. If he passes the exam, __________________
4. If they go to the disco, __________________
5. If you travel to Europe, __________________
6. If she doesn’t find a job soon, _______________
Make questions using the prompts.
1. in the future / children / study only online?
In the future, do you think childern will study only online?
2. a lot of high street shops / disappear / next ten years?
Do you think a lot of high street shops will disappear in the
next ten years?
3. you / be famous / ten years’ time?
Do you think you will be famous in ten years’ time?
4. by 2050 / most people in the world / speak English?
By 2050, do you think most people in the world will speak
English?
5. one day / computers / be smarter than humans?
One day, do you think computers will be smarter than
humans?
INDIRECT QUESTIONS
DIRECT-INDIRECT QUESTIONS
Examples:
1. D: What time does the bank open, please?
I: Could you tell me what time the bank opens,
please?
2. D: Is there a cash point near here?
I: Do you know if there’s a cash point near here?
3. D: What is your email address?
I: Could you tell me what your email address is?
4. D: How can I get to the airport?
I: Do you know how I can get to the airport?
DIRECT-INDIRECT QUESTIONS
Change the direct questions into indirect questions.
1. What is the capital of Brazil?
Could you tell me what the capital of Brazil is?
2. What is the largest city in Brazil?
Do you know what the largest city in Brazil is?
3. Do Brazilians speak Spanish or Portuguese?
Do you know if Brazilians speak Spanish or
Portuguese?
4. Does Brazil produce coffee?
Could you tell me if Brazil produces coffee?
http://www.learnenglish-online.com/grammar/
tests/zeroconditional.html
https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/zero-
conditional-exercise-1.html
https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/first-
conditional-exercise-1.html
https://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/courses/elc/
studyzone/330/grammar/1cond1.htm
https://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/
viewgame.asp?id=3226