METHODS OF ARTS PRODUCTION

AND PRESENTATION

ALYSSA T. GONZALES
BEED BLOCK 18
 2

REALISM…
REALISM
Realism, in the arts, the accurate, detailed, unembellished
depiction of nature or of contemporary life. Realism rejects
imaginative idealization in favor of a close observation of
outward appearances. As such, realism in its broad sense has
comprised many artistic currents in different civilizations.

Realism, in philosophy, the viewpoint which accords to things

which are known or perceived an existence or nature which is
independent of whether anyone is thinking about or perceiving
them.
 Varieties of
Philosophical
Realism

1. REALISM IN ONTOLOGY
2. REALISM AND IDEALISM
3. REALISM AND TRUTH
4. METAPHYSICAL REALISM AND OBJECTIVE
TRUTH
REALISM IN ONTOLOGY
In application to matters of ontology, realism is standardly applied to doctrines
which assert the existence of entities of some problematic or controversial
kind. Even under this more restricted heading, however, realism and
opposition to it have taken significantly different forms, as illustrated in the
following three examples.
 6

REALISM AND IDEALISM

• The opposition between idealism and realism, although
undeniably ontological in a broad sense, is distinct both from
general disputes about realism in ontology and from disputes
which turn upon the notion of truth or its applicability to
statements of some specified type . In its most straightforward
and, arguably, basic sense, idealism not only asserts the existence
of “ideas” (and perhaps other mental entities) but also advances a
restrictive claim about the nature or composition of reality as
whole: there is nothing in reality other than ideas and the minds
whose ideas they are. So understood, idealism is a form of
monism, which is opposed both to other forms of monism (e.g.,
materialism) and to pluralism, which posits two or more
irreducibly distinct kinds of stuff or things (e.g., mental and
physical, as in various versions of dualism).
 7

REALISM AND TRUTH

• As suggested by the prevalence in philosophical discussion of composite labels such as scientific realism, moral
realism, and modal realism, realism need not be a global thesis. A realist attitude with regard to one area of
thought or discourse (e.g., science) is at least prima facie consistent with an antirealist view with regard to
others (e.g., morality or mathematics). Such eclecticism is sometimes motivated by underlying beliefs about
what kinds of objects should be accepted as genuinely existing, or as part of the ultimate “furniture of the
universe.” But sometimes it is not. At least some realist-antirealist disagreements, including several
contemporary ones, are better understood as primarily concerned with whether statements belonging to a
certain area of discourse really are, as their surface grammar may indicate, capable of objective truth and so
capable of recording genuine, mind-independent facts. It is a further question whether, if statements of a given
kind are true or false as a matter of objective, mind-independent fact, those statements record facts of some
special irreducible type, distinctive of that discourse.
 8

METAPHYSICAL REALISM AND

OBJECTIVE TRUTH
Although several realist disputes seem to turn on whether statements of a
certain kind are capable of being objectively true, it is far from obvious
what being objectively true amounts to. The question of what it is for a
statement to be objectively true has itself been a focus of realist-
antirealist disagreement.

Objective truth uncontroversially requires mind-independence, at least in

the sense of being true independently of what anyone knows or believes.
That is, if a proposition is to be “objectively” true, then it must be possible
for it to be true without anyone knowing or believing that it is; conversely,
believing the proposition should not be sufficient for its truth (except in a
few very special cases, such as believing that one believes something).
This notion of objectivity is clearly quite weak, and it falls well short of the
kind of objectivity attributed to true statements in some strongly realist
theories of truth.
 9
MAIN IDEA OF REALISM

FOR REALISTS, THE HIGHEST GOAL IS THE SURVIVAL OF THE STATE, WHICH
EXPLAINS WHY STATES' ACTIONS ARE JUDGED ACCORDING TO THE ETHICS OF
RESPONSIBILITY RATHER THAN BY MORAL PRINCIPLES. THE DOMINANCE OF
REALISM HAS GENERATED A SIGNIFICANT STRAND OF LITERATURE CRITICIZING
ITS MAIN TENETS.
SUMMARY
Though never a coherent group, Realism is recognized as the first modern
movement in art, which rejected traditional forms of art, literature, and social
organization as outmoded in the wake of the Enlightenment and the Industrial
Revolution. Beginning in France in the 1840s, Realism revolutionized
painting, expanding conceptions of what constituted art. Working in a chaotic
era marked by revolution and widespread social change, Realist painters
replaced the idealistic images and literary conceits of traditional art with real-
life events, giving the margins of society similar weight to grand history
paintings and allegories. Their choice to bring everyday life into their canvases
was an early manifestation of the avant-garde desire to merge art and life, and
their rejection of pictorial techniques, like perspective, prefigured the many
20th-century definitions and redefinitions of modernism.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. WHICH IS NOT AN EXTENSION OF REALISM?
A. WRITING IS AN ART OF THE COMMON PEOPLE.
B. NATURALISM
C. REGIONALISM
D. WRITING IS AN ACT OF GOD AND NATURE
2. WHICH STORY IS FROM THE REALISM MOVEMENT?
A. NARRATIVE OF THE LIFE OF FREDERICK DOUGLAS
B. A ROLE FOR EMILY
C. IN ANOTHER COUNTRY
D. THE GLASS CASTLE
3. HOW DOES REALISM UNDERSTAND THE CONCEPT OF POWER?
A. POWER IS BASED ON ECONOMIC STRENGTH
B. POWER IS RELATIONAL CONCEPT
C. POWER IS A RELATIVE CONCEPT
D. POWER IS A RELATIONAL CONCEPT AND POWER IS RELATIVE CONCEPT
4. IN THE ORIGINAL GREEK, THE WORD PHILOSOPHY MEANS:
A. THE LOVE OF POLITICS
B. THE LOVE OF WISDOM
C. CITY OF BROTHERLY LOVE
D.THE LOVE OF LOVE
5. PHILOSOPHY PROCEEDS BY WAY OF;
A.RELIGIOUS FAITH
B. PEOPLES FEELING
C. ARGUMENT
D. GUESSWORK
 12

6. WHEN DID REALISM BEGIN?

A. 1840S B. 1850S C. 1940S D. 1950S

7. WHERE DID REALISM BEGINS?

A. ROME B. USE C. FRANCE D. HUNGARY

8. WHAT WAS REALISM MAIN FOCUS;

A. TO CREATE REALISTIC PIECES OF ARTWORK
B. REALISM DOESN’T HAVE A MAIN FOCUS
C. THE WRITER OR NARRATOR EMOTIONS AND INNER WORLD AND CELEBRATION OF NATURE
D. NONE OF THE ABOVE

9. THE STARTING POINT FOR REALISM IS A BASIC ACCEPTANCE THAT THE WORLD AROUND US;
A. IS AN ILLUSION
B. REALLY EXISTS
C. CANNOT BE PROVEN TO BE RIAL
D. DECEIVES OUR SENSES

10. THE ISSUES PHILOSOPHY STUDIES KEEP COMING UP THROUGHOUT HUMAN HISTORY, AND SO THEY ARE REFERRED TO
AS:
A. ANNUAL
B. UNSOLVABLE
C. PERENNIAL
D. UNIMPORTANT
 REFERENCE

www.britanica.com/art/realism-art
www.britanica.com/topic/realism-philosopy
www.britanica.com/topic/ontology-methapyhsics
www.britanica.com/topic/realism -philosophy/metaphysical-realism-objective-truth
www.britanica.com/topic/realimsm-and-truth
THANK YOU
ALYSSA T. GONZALES
BEED BLOCK-18
Daraga Community College
Salvacion Daraga,Albay