School of Engineering & Sciences

Department of Aerospace Engineering

FLOW ANALYSIS OVER TANDEM ARRANGEMENTS

OF CIRCULAR AND SQUARE CYLINDERS

Group Code:UGAE2310 Course Code :18BTAE720

Topic: NEW
Roll No. Div. Enrolment No. Name of Student
2201012 AERO MITU20BTAE0019 DEVANSHI JAGTAP
2201014 AERO MITU20BTAE0021 DHANASHREE MAHAJAN
2201032 AERO MITU20BTAE0051 SAMARTH SHETTY

Name of Guide PROF.DR.DEVABRATA SAHOO

Name of Co-guide PROF. DR.P S VIGNESH RAM,SEJONG
UNIVERSITY,SOUTH KOREA

Department of Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering &

Sciences
 Contents

 Introduction

 Literature Review

 Research Gap

 Objectives

 Methodology

 References

Department of Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering &

Sciences
 Introduction
• Flow analysis over tandem arrangements of circular and square cylinders studies
the fluid flow characteristics around multiple cylinders placed in a specific
configuration. This analysis is vital in aerospace, civil, and automotive
engineering fields. Understanding the flow behavior helps predict aerodynamic
performance, determine drag and lift forces, and optimize structures. Circular and
square cylinders in tandem introduce complexities due to their different
geometries, causing vortex shedding and asymmetric wake regions, respectively.

Tacoma Bridge
 Literature Review:
Ref. Paper Title Authors Findings
No.

1 Unsteady numerical Yanhui Ai • The paper presents a computational analysis of unsteady

simulation o flow Dakui high Reynolds number flows around a smooth circular
around 2D circular Feng cylinder in the supercritical and upper-transition flow
cylinder for high regimes (8.21x104 < Re < 1.54x106).
Reynolds number. • The calculations were performed by solving the 2D
Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS)
equations with a k-ε turbulence model.
• The results for flow structure, drag, lift coefficient, and
Strouhal numbers agreed well with previously published
data. This provided a good understanding of the flow across
cylinders at different high Reynolds numbers.
• In summary, the numerical simulations provided good
results for high Reynolds number flow across a cylinder and
proposed a method to control lift and vortex-induced
vibration.
2 Flow patterns and (Shun C. • The paper describes about flow structures, lift and
vortex shedding Yen, Chen drag coefficients over square cylinder.
behavior behind a W. Yang) • The Reynolds number and incidence angle were
square cylinder. (2011) varied from 4000 to 36,000 and 0º to 45º respectively.
• The flow outcomes were categorized into three various
modes – leading edge separation, separation bubble,
and attached flow.
3. Two-Dimensional Study (Masanori • The simulations considered various flow conditions,
of Flow past a Circular Hashiguchi, such as different Reynolds numbers and angles of
Cylinder. Kunio attack.
Kuwahara • It was observed that the flow around the circular
(1996) cylinder resulted in the formation of a von Karman
vortex street.
• The effect of the Reynolds number on the flow
behavior was also observed.
• The Reynolds number increased, the vortex
shedding frequency increased, leading to changes
in the flow patterns and the resulting aerodynamic
forces..
• Changing the angle of attack led to variations in
the flow patterns, including the size and shape of
the vortex shedding

4. A numerical study on (Sung Jin • The study aimed to provide insights into the flow
fluid flow around two Lee1, Gi Su behavior and the effect of different arrangements on
side-by-side rectangular Mun1, Yong the flow patterns and aerodynamic forces.
cylinders with different Gap Park2, • The simulations were performed for various
arrangements. and Man arrangements of the rectangular cylinders,
Yeong Ha1) considering different spacing..
(2019) • Firstly, it was observed that the flow patterns around
the rectangular cylinders strongly depended on the
arrangement. Different arrangements led to
variations in the formation of vortices, wake regions,
and flow separation.
5. Flow Around Tandem
Cylinders and Dynamic
Meshing
6. A Numerical Analysis of
Fluid Flow Around
Circular and Square
Cylinders.
Department of Aerospace Engineering, School of
Engineering & Sciences
Prabhjot • Von Karman vortices form around
Singh ,Marte Reynolds number 40-200; horseshoe
n Klein vortex above Reynolds number 200.
(2023) • Front cylinder wake affects rear
cylinder, causing earlier flow separation
• Pressure fields helped identify flow
separation points.
• The pressure coefficient changes
rapidly for rotating cylinders due to
unsteady vortex shedding.
• Dynamic meshing showed complex
vortex patterns for rotating cylinders
(Mehmet • The paper investigates the flow field
Ishak Yuce, around a circular and a square cylinder
Dalshad placed at a same characteristic length
Kareem) and under identical flow conditions
(2016) ranging from reynold's no 2 to
4( laminar to Turbulent).
• Vortex shedding and Wake flow were
developed significantly behind the
cylinders by both the factors the
magnitude of the Reynolds number and
shape of the cylinder.
• The drag coefficient obtained showed a
trend of decreasing value with increase
in Reynolds number.
• Wake flow was found to be Wider for a
square than the circular one.
7. Numerical study of flow Gracjan M. • The flow pattern around the second cylinder is
around 2 circular Skonecki and significantly affected by the presence of the first
cylinders in tandem, James M. cylinder. This leads to earlier flow separation on
side by side and Buick the second cylinder and higher drag compared to
staggered arrangement. the single-cylinder case.
• There is a minor interference between the
cylinders, resulting in a slight increase in drag
compared to the single cylinder case.
• The interaction between the boundary layers and
wakes of each cylinder creates a phenomenon
known as "von Kármán Vortex Street.
• This leads to alternating vortices shedding from
each cylinder and periodic fluctuations in the
pressure field and drag. The drag on the cylinders
in this arrangement is higher compared to the
side by side configuration..

8. Numerical simulation of (Dipankar • The simulations are performed for the separation ratios
flow past row of square Chatterjee, (spacing to size ratio) of 1.2, 2, 3 and 4.
Gautam • For s/d=4.0 and s/d=3.0, the lift and drag coefficient
cylinders for various
Biswas, Sakir signals are found to be sinusoidal in nature which
separation ratios. Amiroudine) shows that the primary (Strouhal) frequency is the
(2009) dominant frequency and there is no significant
contribution of the secondary frequency.
• When the distance separating the cylinder axes was
more than twice the dimension of the cylinders (s/d >
2.0), the vortex shedding from two consecutive
cylinders was identical .
• When this distance was less than two diameters (s/d =
1.2), the jets between the cylinders deviated and the
wakes merge to form clusters .
 Research Gap

There is a lack of research on the effects of spacing ratios between circular and
square cylinders in a tandem arrangement. Limited exploration has been done
on how the geometry of cylinders and the spacing ratio between them influence
the vortex-shedding mechanism and flow patterns in a tandem arrangement.

Department of Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering &

Sciences
 Objectives
This research aims to investigate the flow characteristics in a tandem
cylinder arrangement and understand the interaction between cylinders
and its impact on flow patterns, vortex shedding, and wake dynamics. It
also aims to analyze the influence of different spacing ratios on flow
behavior, quantify the effect of the tandem arrangement on drag and lift
forces, and determine the optimal spacing ratio for desired flow
characteristics.
 WORK PLAN
2D DISTANCE

4D DISTANCE

6D DISTANCE

2D DISTANCE

4D DISTANCE

6D DISTANCE

2D DISTANCE

4D DISTANCE

6D DISTANCE

2D DISTANCE

4D DISTANCE

11 6D DISTANCE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
LITERATURE REVIEW

RESEARCH GAP

FINALIZING THE PAPER

FOR VALIDATION.

VALIDATION

CASE-1 2D

CASE-2 4D

CASE-3 6D
 Validation

Diameter of a cylinder-0.05697m
Length of the domain-1.79m
Breadth of the domain-1.42m
 Computational Methodology
Wall
SETUP
Solver Density-based
Velocity inlet

Time Unsteady

Outflow
Energy-Equation On
Model SST K-epsilon
Gradient Green gauss cell
based
MESH
Pressure Second order upwind
First layer thickness- 0.00023126m
density Second order upwind

Boundary Condition

Velocity-1m/s
Re-1000,3900
Time Step size- 10^4

VELOCITY
CONTOUR(INSTANTANEOUS)
 Computational Methodology

Comparison of the variation in Strouhal number with freestream Reynolds

number obtained from present computation and reported in Reference.

Reynolds Number Strouhal Number Strouhal Number

(Rehman 2008) (computational)

1000 0.19 0.18

3900 0.175 0.17

Department of Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering &

Sciences
Case 1: 2D :Circle-Circle

Diameter of circular cylinder- 0.08m

Length of the domain-2.64m
Breadth of the domain-2m
spacing-2D
 Computational Methodology-2D CASE
Wall
Velocity inlet

First layer thickness- 2.79e-005

Outflow
MESH

Boundary conditions-
Inlet velocity-10 m/s
Reynolds number-54000

VELOCITY CONTOUR (Instantaneous)

 Computational Methodology
Case 2: 4D Distance
Wall
Velocity inlet

First layer thickness- 2.79e-005

MESH Outflow

Boundary conditions-
Inlet velocity-10 m/s
Reynolds number-54000

VELOCITY CONTOUR (Instantaneous)

 Computational Methodology
Case 3: 6D Distance
Wall
First layer thickness- 2.79e-005
Velocity inlet

MESH Outflow

Boundary conditions-
Inlet velocity-10 m/s
Reynolds number-54000

VELOCITY CONTOUR (Instantaneous)

Square cylinder in tandem
Case 1: 2D distance

Diameter of square cylinder- 0.08m

Length of the domain-2.64m
Breadth of the domain-2m
spacing-2D
 Computational Methodology
Case 1: 2D Distance
Wall
Velocity inlet

Outflow
First layer thickness- 2.79e-005

MESH

Boundary conditions-
Inlet velocity-10 m/s
Reynolds number-54000

21 VELOCITY CONTOUR (Instantaneous)

 Computational Methodology
Case 2: 4D Distance

First layer thickness- 2.79e-005

Case 2: 4D Distance

Boundary conditions-
Inlet velocity-10 m/s
Reynolds number-54000
 Computational Methodology

Case3: 6D Distance

First layer thickness- 2.79e-005

Case 3: 6D Distance

Boundary conditions-
Inlet velocity-10 m/s
Reynolds number-54000
Square- circle cylinder in tandem
Case 1: 2D distance

Diameter of square cylinder- 0.08m

Diameter of circle cylinder- 0.08m
Length of the domain-2.64m
Breadth of the domain-2m
spacing-2D
 Square-circle cylinder in tandem
Case 1: 2D distance
Wall

OUTFLOW
INLET

MESH

Boundary conditions-
Inlet velocity-10 m/s
Reynolds number-54000

25
VELOCITY CONTOUR (Instantaneous)
 Square and circle cylinder in tandem
Case 1: 4D distance
Wall

First layer thickness- 2.79e-005

OUTFLOW
INLET

Case 2: 4D Distance
Wall

Boundary conditions-
Inlet velocity-10 m/s
Reynolds number-54000
 square(2d)
0.15 square circle 2d
0.03
0.1
0.02

0.01 0.05

0 0

-0.01 -0.05

-0.02 -0.1

-0.03 -0.15

square-square cylinder(4d) squarer-cylinder(4D

0.25
0.5 0.2
0.4 0.15
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.1 0.05
0 0
-0.1 -0.05
-0.2
-0.1
-0.3
-0.4 -0.15
-0.5 -0.2 square-circle 6d
-0.25
Square-square (6D) 0.25
0.25 0.2
0.2
0.15 0.15
0.1 0.1
0.05
0.05
0
-0.05 0
-0.1 -0.05
-0.15
-0.2 -0.1
-0.25 -0.15
27 -0.2
-0.25
 Future Work
 We plan to alter the geometry of cylinders and their arrangement in
tandem.
 Furthermore, we would focus on the post-processing procedure for all
the acquired data.
 References
 Hashiguchi, M. and Kuwahara, K., 1996. Two-Dimensional Study of Flow past a Circular
Cylinder. 数理解析研究所講究録 , 974, pp.164-169.
 Lee, Sung Jin, et al. "A numerical study on fluid flow around two side-by-side rectangular
cylinders with different arrangements." Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 33
(2019): 3289-3300
 Yen, Shun C., and Chen W. Yang. "Flow patterns and vortex shedding behavior behind a square
cylinder." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 99.8 (2011): 868-878.
 Yuce, Mehmet Ishak, and Dalshad Ahmed Kareem. "A numerical analysis of fluid flow around
circular and square cylinders." Journal ‐American Water Works Association 108.10 (2016):
E546-E554.
 Chatterjee, Dipankar, Gautam Biswas, and Sakir Amiroudine. "Numerical simulation of flow
past row of square cylinders for various separation ratios." Computers & Fluids 39.1 (2010):
49-59
 Yen, Shun-Chang, K. C. San, and T. H. Chuang. "Interactions of tandem square cylinders at
low Reynolds numbers." Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 32.4 (2008): 927-938.
 Yanhui Ai , Dakui Feng , Hengkui Ye and Lin Li” Unsteady Numerical Simulation of Flow
around 2-D Circular Cylinder for High Reynolds Numbers”.
 Md. Mahbubar Rahman1 , Md. Mashud Karim2 and Md. Abdul Alim3 “NUMERICAL
INVESTIGATION OF UNSTEADY FLOW PAST A CIRCULAR CYLINDER USING 2-D FINITE
VOLUME METHOD “ .
 THANK YOU

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