By Tishani doshi

Journey to the end of

the earth
 INDEX

I
Introduction

About the author

Details of the chapter

Antarctica

Summary

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 Introduction
Name – Vaishali Tripathi
Class-12-C
Roll no-6
Topic – Journey to the end of the earth

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 ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Tishani Doshi (born 9 December 1975) is an Indian poet,
journalist and dancer based in Chennai. In 2006 she won the
Forward Prize for her debut poetry book Countries of the Body.
Her poetry book A God at the Door has been shortlisted for the
2021 Forward Prize under best poetry collection category

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 AKADEMIK SHOKALSKIY

• The Akademik Shokalskiy is a fully ice-strengthened expedition vessel

built in 1984 for polar and oceanographic research. This class of vessel is
world renowned for polar exploration, because of its strength,
maneuverability, and small passenger numbers. Despite the Akademik
Shokalskiy's impressive strength and maneuverability, it is still
surprisingly comfortable and luxurious. There is only enough
accommodation for 50 passengers, but all the cabins are exceedingly
comfortable for this kind of expedition vessel. The Shokalskiy is an This Photo by Unk nownAuthor is
extremely capable vessel; this is why it is able to travel through the licensed under CC BY-NC-ND

world's most difficult seascapes, on numerous Antarctic and

Arctic cruises.
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 THE CONTINENTAL DRIFT
• The Akademik Shokalskiy is a fully ice-strengthened expedition vessel built in 1984
for polar and oceanographic research. This class of vessel is world renowned for
polar exploration, because of its strength, maneuverability, and small passenger
numbers. Despite the Akademik Shokalskiy's impressive strength and
maneuverability, it is still surprisingly comfortable and luxurious. There is only
enough accommodation for 50 passengers, but all the cabins are exceedingly
comfortable for this kind of expedition vessel. The Shokalskiy is an extremely
capable vessel; this is why it is able to travel through the world's most difficult
seascapes, on numerous Antarctic and Arctic cruises.
• The Akademik Shokalskiy is as safe as a polar exploration vessel can get, but there's
so much more to it. For one thing, it provides passengers with a lecture theatre in
order to listen to the onboard experts and academics talk about the environment and
ecology of the incredible places it visits. It also has a lounge and library where
passengers can swap stories or catch up on a little reading between excursions out on
the water or on land.
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 CORDILLERA AND PRECAMBRIAN
• A cordillera is an extensive chain and/or network system of mountain ranges, such as those in the
west coast of the Americas. The term is borrowed from Spanish, where the word comes from cordilla,
a diminutive of cuerda ('rope').
• The term is most commonly used in physical geography and is particularly applied to the various
large mountain systems of the American Cordillera, such as the Andes of South America, and less
frequently to other mountain ranges in the "ridge" that rims the Pacific Ocean. In Colombia and
Venezuela, cordilleras are named according to their position: Cordillera Occidental, Central, and
Oriental. Various local names are used for the cordilleras in Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile and
Argentina
• . A cordillera is an extensive chain and/or network system of mountain ranges, such as those in the
west coast of the Americas. The term is borrowed from Spanish, where the word comes from cordilla,
a diminutive of cuerda ('rope').
• The term is most commonly used in physical geography and is particularly applied to the various
large mountain systems of the American Cordillera, such as the Andes of South America, and less
frequently to other mountain ranges in the "ridge" that rims the Pacific Ocean. In Colombia and
Venezuela, cordilleras are named according to their position: Cordillera Occidental, Central, and
Oriental. Various local names are used for the cordilleras in Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile and
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Argentina.
 WESTERN ANTARCTICA ICE SHEET
• The Western Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) is the segment of the
continental ice sheet that covers West Antarctica, the portion of
Antarctica on the side of the Transantarctic Mountains that lies in
the Western Hemisphere. The WAIS is classified as a marine-
based ice sheet, meaning that its bed lies well below sea level and
its edges flow into floating ice shelves. The WAIS is bounded by
the Ross Ice Shelf, the Ronne Ice Shelf, and outlet glaciers that
drain into the Amundsen Sea.

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 DRAKE MESSAGE

“
The Drake Passage (Spanish: Mar de Hoces) is the body of water between South America's
Cape Horn, Chile, Argentina and the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica. It connects the southwestern

”
part of the Atlantic Ocean (Scotia Sea) with the southeastern part of the Pacific Ocean and extends into
the Southern Ocean. The passage is named after the 16th-century English explorer and privateer
Sir Francis Drake.
Richard Branson
 THE GULF STREAM
• The Gulf Stream, together with its northern extension the
North Atlantic Drift, is a warm and swift Atlantic ocean current that
originates in the Gulf of Mexico and flows through the Straits of
Florida and up the eastern coastline of the United States then
veers east near 36 latitude (North Carolina) and moves toward
Northwest Europe as the North Atlantic Current. The process of
western intensification causes the Gulf Stream to be a northwards
accelerating current off the east coast of North America. At about
40°0′N 30°0′W, it splits in two, with the northern stream, the North
Atlantic Drift, crossing to Northern Europe and the southern
stream, the Canary Current, recirculating off West Africa

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 GEOFF GREEN

• The Polar Regions have always captivated and inspired Geoff. They are the
cornerstones of our global ecosystem, natural treasures, symbols of peace
and windows into our past and our future. They remind us that everything is
interconnected. They are a homeland, wilderness, frontier, laboratory and
what Geoff likes to call The Greatest Classrooms on Earth.
• Geoff’s vision for the SOI Foundation began in the 90s during an Antarctic
expedition he led for adult participants. This was a turning point for him as
he realized what an important impact this experience could have on youth
in their formative years to shape their perspectives, and to motivate and
inspire them as globally minded leaders and polar ambassadors.
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 STUDENTS OF ICE(SOI)

• Students on Ice Foundation (also known as SOI) is a

Canadian charitable organisation that leads educational
expeditions to the Arctic and Antarctic for international high
school and university students. Its mandate is to provide
youth, educators and scientists from around the world with
learning and teaching opportunities in the polar regions, with
the goal of fostering an understanding of, and commitment to
building a more sustainable future.

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 PHYTOPLANKTON

P
ABOUT-
Phytoplankton are the autotrophic (self-feeding)
components of the plankton community and a key part of
ocean and freshwater ecosystems. The name comes
from the Greek words meaning 'plant', and meaning
'wanderer' or 'drifter'.

IMAGE
i

Presentation title This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY 13

 TADPOLE ISLAND

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 GORE TEX

• Gore-Tex is a waterproof, breathable fabric membrane and

registered trademark of W. L. Gore & Associates. Invented in
1969, Gore-Tex can repel liquid water while allowing water vapor
to pass through and is designed to be a lightweight, waterproof
fabric for all-weather use. It is composed of stretched
polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), which is more commonly known
by the generic trademark Teflon. The material is formally known
as the generic term expanded PTFE

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 CRABEATER SEALS
• The crabeater seal (Lobodon carcinophaga), also known as
the krill-eater seal, is a true seal with a circumpolar distribution
around the coast of Antarctica. They are medium- to large-sized
(over 2 m in length), relatively slender and pale-colored, found
primarily on the free-floating pack ice that extends seasonally out
from the Antarctic coast, which they use as a platform for resting,
mating, social aggregation and accessing their prey. They are by
far the most abundant seal species in the world.

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 AUSTRAL SUMMER LIGHT

• Below the Antarctic circle, the sun is generally present 24 hours a

day in austral summer, while the sun is never seen in austral winter.
The opposite is true for the arctic circle; the sun is always present in
boreal (Northern hemisphere) summer and never present in boreal
winter. At the equator, the sun is present for 12 hours per day every
day of the year, without an influence of seasonal tilts.

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CC BY-NC-ND
 CLIMATE IN ANTARTICA
• Antarctica’s average annual temperature ranges from about −10°C on
the coast to −60°C at the highest parts of the interior.
• Near the coast, the temperature can exceed +10°C in summer and fall
to below −40°C in winter. Over the elevated inland, it can rise to about
−30°C in summer but fall below −80°C in winter.
• Rain is observed near the coast, but most precipitation over Antarctica
is in the form of snow or ice crystals.

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GEOOGICAL
TIMELINE
 ANTARCTICA

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 FACTS
• Antarctica is the highest, driest, coldest and windiest
continent on Earth
• Antarctica covers 14.2 million km² (5.5 million square miles)
• The Antarctic ice sheet is the largest ice store on earth
• Area: 5.4 million square mile (14 million kilometres)
• Mass: 7.2 million cubic miles (30 million cubic metres)
• Maximum depth: 15,669 feet (4776 metres)
• Average depth: 7000 feet (2160 metres)
• Covers roughly 98% of Antarctica
• Contains 90% of the ice on earth
• Contains 70% of the world’s freshwater

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 Summary
The chapter is an autobiographical account where she traveled
to the end of the earth i.e. Antarctica. The place does not have
any humans, life is impossible there. She traveled with high
school students on a Russian Vessel. She said that if one needs
to or wanted to understand the past, present, and future of our
planet he or she needs to start its journey from the end.

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Thank you

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed

under CC BY-SA-NC