GENERAL AND COMMERCIAL

USE OF COMPUTERS.

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 The use of Computers in areas
such as:
• Banking

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Banking was one of the first
industries to use computers. A lot
of banking services we now take
for granted , such as credit card,
would be impossible without
computers.

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Banks use computers for on-line
savings. Savings accounts are
automatically updated when
deposits or withdrawals take place
and interest is compounded
electronically. Statements and
investments are prepared with the
aid of computers.

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 ATM

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 ATM stands for Automated Teller
Machine
• It is one of the fastest growing applications
of computers in banking
• Often called CASH DISPENSERS.

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 How ATM works.
• They are linked to a central computer.
• To get money from the ATM, you put a
plastic card/ bank card in to the machine
• An ATM accepts a bank card containing a
magnetic strip.
• The keypad allows the customer to choose
from a variety of banking functions and to
enter specific amounts and a confidential
Personal Identification Number (PIN)
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• When the PIN entered at the keypad, the
ATM compares the PIN entered with the
number contained at the back of the card.
• When you have the money in your account
, the machine will dispense it.
• If you have overdrawn , it will tell you that
you do not have such an amount you are
requesting.
• Fig 18.2 pg 149

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 EFT

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 EFT stands for Electronic Fund
Transfer.
• It is a modern banking system that
transfers money from one place to
another.
• EFT is used extensively by the
international banks
• It means that they can immediately
transfer funds to a country where it will
earn the best rate of interest.
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 Credit Card

•It enables people to obtain instant

credit either against goods bought
or for cash from a cash dispenser
or ATM.

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 How Credit Cards Work.
•Obtaining credit for goods
involves the retailer filling a docket
either manually or by using the till
•If the card signature and the
signature on the docket are the
same, then the customer is given
the goods.
•The retailer sends the docket to
the credit card company where
the transaction is recorded and
retailer is paid.
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 The card holder receives a
statement at the end of the
month which outlines:
•Balance at the start of the month
•Interest payable on the
outstanding balance
•Amount and details of any
transaction that has taken place
during the month
•Balance owing at the end of the
month
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 Smart Card
•It’s a plastic card which contains
its own built-in microchip which
performs two security functions.

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 •First, it carries the holders
identification data.
•Secondly, it verifies this data
against the PIN code that the card
holder at a card reading terminal.

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 IT in the Music Industry
• Computers are used for:
• Sound Recording
• Synthesisers
• Recording studio
• Sound sampling

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 Sound recording cont.
• During playback the data on the storage
medium is recovered, amplified and fed to
loudspeakers to create a copy of the
original sound.

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 Synthesisers
• In modern recording studio, the sound
waves are picked up by microphones.
• Microphones convert sound signals into
electrical signals.
• The signals from different microphones
may be combined together using a device
called a mixer to give a final recording.

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 Synthesisers cont.
• In many pop recordings, the electrical
signals which correspond to the desired
sounds or notes can be generated directly
using a device called a Synthesiser.

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 Recording Studios
• Many groups do not just turn up and play a
piece of work for it to be recorded.
• Instead they like to experiment with the
music and try many different approaches.
• Vocals and rhythm patterns should be
different on tracks.

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 Recording Studios cont.
• Certain quality of the music from each
track can be altered separately, such as
volume.
• Then all the tracks can be mixed together
because the music is recorded onto tape,
this process can take a long time.

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 Recording Studios
• The use of computers in recording studios has
speed up the recording process.
• Modern studios use tapeless recording.
• The music is initially stored digitally in the RAM
of the computer
• For permanent storage, the music can be stored
the computers hard disk.
• Because the music is initially stored in RAM it
can be accessed immediately should it need to
be altered.

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 Sound Sampling
• Sound sampling is performed when a
sound is taken into a computer software.
• For example, a microphone can be used
to take a ‘sample’ of a certain sound such
as the bark of a dog.
• The computer stores the sampled sound
as a digitally coded signal which can be
altered if necessary and replayed when
needed.
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 Sound Recording
• Sound recording involves detecting sound
and storing it somewhere in analogue or
digital code.
• It can be on either a tape or disk so that it
can be played back at a later time.

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 Information Technology to solve
crime
Crime has become very sophisticated and
as a result, harder to detect. To handle
this, the police have very sophisticated
methods of crime detection and their
disposal.
• Information is the keyword in crime
detection and this information must be
accurate and obtained quickly.

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 The Police National Computer
(PNC)
• The Police National Computer provides rapid
access day and night.
• The large mainframe computer is linked to
terminals in police stations throughout the
country.
• Since there are a large number of terminals
linked to the main computer, there is a complex
switching mechanism and this allows each
terminal to obtain information from the main
computer in as short a time as possible.

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 PNC Conti.
• Some police vehicles are equipped with
terminals which are used to access the
PNC directly.
• The information held on the PNC is
separated into indexes, each index dealing
with a particular subject

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 Some of the Indexes are:

• Stolen and suspect vehicle index

• Vehicle owner index

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 Stolen and Suspect Vehicle Index
• Every day hundreds of vehicle are stolen.
Some are taken only for joy rides and
recovered by the police fairly quickly,

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