Com 101

• https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=my-DidfRP44
How are you?
ATTENDANCE CHECKING
• What one phrase or sentence
would you like to be put on your
gravestone?
Reminders:

• Completion of the requirements

• Midterm project (Radio Advisory,
by group) stated in the uploaded
syllabus

• ROG form
 Intercultural Communication
Introduction

COMMUNICATION AND
GLOBALIZATION
Local and Global
Communication in
Multicultural Settings
Assignment
 Intercultural
Communication
 What is Intercultural
Communication ?
Intercultural communication happens
when individuals interact, negotiate and
create meaning while bringing in their
varied cultural backgrounds. (Ting-
Toomey, 1999 as cited by Sipacio &
Balgos , 2016)
• https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=m1TnzCiUSI0
Intercultural communication pertains
to communication among people
from different nationalities
influenced by different ethnicities,
religions and sexual orientation
(Gudykunst, 2003, as cited by
 Culturally Sensitive and Bias-Free
Language
• To communicate in a culturally
sensitive way means to be aware that
cultural differences and similarities
between people exist and that these
should not be assigned a positive or
negative value via words and
descriptions.
• Anyone wishing to maintain
harmonious communicative relations
should be careful in using words and
phrases that do not discriminate
against particular groups, whether in
terms of race, ethnicity, religion, and
gender
General Principles to Follow when
Referring to Different Groups or
Categories
 Race and Ethnicity

Racism is a form of discrimination

against a person or persons of different race.
In general, it is best to avoid identifying
people by race or ethnic group.
• Words that reinforce stereotypes and that
imply all people of particular race or ethnic
group are the same should be avoided.
• Naturally, the Asian
students won the math
contest.
• Although the assessment is positive in
the sentence, the word “naturally” the
stereotype or generalization that
Asians have superior aptitude in math.
Religion

• It is also important to be sensitive to

religion when referring to various
ethnic groups. Assumptions should
not be made that stereotype a race,
nationality, or ethnic group with a
specific religion.
• For example, not all Arabs are
Muslims, not all Indians are
Buddhists, and not all Filipinos
are Roman Catholics
 Gender and Sexual Orientation
• Sexism refers to the prejudice and
discrimination based on sex or
gender. To be inclusive of all
people in general references, one
should favor gender neutral words
and phrases over gender-biased
words.
• For example, it is more
appropriate to use “chairperson”
in place of “chairman, ””flight
attendant” in place of
stewardess,” and “labor” in place
of “manpower.”
• Other gender -related terms may
have to do with gender
orientation or sexual
orientation. It is important to be
sensitive to the new attitudes
about homosexual, transsexual,
and transgender people.
• For example, most “gay” people
prefer the term “gay” to the more
clinical “homosexual” as the label.
“Lesbian” is currently the term
preferred by gay women. Transgender
people prefer to be referred to as being
the gender they identify as , not their
birth gender.
ntercultural Communication takes plac
people draw their cultural identity
understand values, prejudice, langua
attitudes, and relationships.
Gudykunst anf Kim, 2003, as cited by Se
Balgos, 2016)
• The essential point is to
communicate in a way that is
respectful of diversity.
COMMUNICATION AND
GLOBALIZATION
 Global Phenomenon

• The closer integration of countries and

people of the world brought about by
enormous reduction of cost of
transportation and communication,
and
• the breaking down of artificial
barriers to the flows of goods,
services, capital, knowledge and
( to a lesser extent)people across
borders.
• -Joseph Stiglitz
 The Impact of
Globalization on
Communication &
Education
• As technology advances, the world is
both getting larger and smaller. Today
we are able to communicate with people
across the globe at the touch of a button.
While globalization, or communication
between nations beyond their borders, is
an old concept, with the onset of new
technology globalization is impacting
the ways we communicate and learn in
fascinating ways.
We are expanding our
understanding of fellowship
and as we become more
connected, we are
deepening our educational
experiences. The rise in the
use of the internet in
particular has been
incredibly instrumental in
Because of technologies like the
internet, we have the opportunity to
view diverse perspectives that were
outside of our scope before. We are
able to fully connect with someone
who is thousands of miles away in
real time and the effects are
Take two children taking an
online math course
together; a child from Texas
and a child from Japan for
example. These two
students are able to share
not only the content of the
math class but their
cultural perspectives as
• This additional component is
no small detail. That kind of
exchange opens up your sense
of what parts of the world are
accessible to you, which in
turn lays the foundation for an
evolved worldview.
Another wonderful benefit of
globalization is that the world
becomes more accessible and
equitable in general. Search engines,
Ebooks, online courses and other
virtual education give more people
the ability to learn about subjects
that used to require a certain level of
income or social positioning.
Globalization has been thought of
as an unmitigated “good” by its
beneficiaries. Unfortunately, those
recipients ignore the real issues that
come from globalization; it is
plaguing our world. Globalization
has an outwardly negative effect on
languages, cultures, and the earth
First, as the world becomes more
connected, language diversity is
descending at an unprecedented rate.
According to estimates by the
Endangered Languages Project, forty
percent of the world’s 7,000
languages are at risk of disappearing
(The Endangered Languages Project
n.p).
 This decline is mainly because those
languages are not passed to the next
generation due to lack of use and need. In
fact, globalization is the main cause for
those languages fading, making them
irrelevant in a world of dominant
languages, such as Arabic, Mandarin,
Spanish, and English. Languages are
bound to their culture; to obliterate a
language is to obliterate its culture
(Muyale-Manenji n.p).
Second, culture identity is at risk
from globalization. Many developing
countries are imitating other
dominant cultures such as American
and European cultures (Tomlinson
2). Therefore, powerful countries
with huge economies get the lion’s
share of the cultural impact. The
culture, which is globalized, is theirs.
• In addition, those dominant cultures
are promoted to have more worth, or
are shown as being more correct than
other culture values.
• For example, the Hijab in Muslim
communities are attacked for being
unprogressive or old-fashioned;
however, from the Muslim
perspective, this idea is ridiculous
and unfair.
Third, globalization is accused of
increasing poverty in many countries.
According to environmental company
World Centric, 17 percent of the
world’s population consumes 80
percent of the world’s resources,
leaving just 20 percent of the
resources for the rest of the world
population (World Centric n.p).
The global economy cannot grow
indefinitely on this planet.
Eventually, this ongoing exploitation
will affect the next generation unless
the wealthiest countries attempt to
produce their own resources, or they
can accept more imports from
developing countries.
Conversely, globalization can
benefit the world in areas, such as
education and trade. The spread of
education is a powerful result of
globalization.
For example, studying abroad allows
students to discover a completely new
culture. In addition, globalization is a
door with the world’s goods and services
through foreign trade. Trading across
international borders is important to any
country’s economy and is a significant
aspect of the growth of the gross
domestic products (Ortiz-Ospina, Roser
• Globalization is still occurring,
and it will continue until the end
of time.
• However, striking a balance
between the complexity of the
positives and negatives of
globalization will guarantee a
better future for the next
generation.
 Synthesis
• Globalization is essentially an
economic phenomenon
because it is concerned with
the movement of people and
products.
• Because globalization moves
people across borders, its
effects are felt not only in
economic terms, but in social
and cultural aspects as well.
Thus, globalization also
impacts communication.
Local and Global Communication
in Multicultural Settings
• According to Science, each person is
genetically unique. Except for
identical twins, each person has a
unique genetic composition. This
uniqueness becomes even more
heightened because of individual
experiences. Humans are formed by
forces other than genetics.
• Family backgrounds, religious
affiliations, educational
achievements, economic
conditions, emotional states, and
other factors shape human
identities. Because of this, no two
people can ever be exactly the
same.
• Most people tend to conclude that
miscommunication results from a
speaker’s lack of proficiency in a
language. What is not realized is the
fact that even with excellent
language skills, people may still
experience miscommunication.
Communicating Across Cultures
• Cross-cultural or intercultural
communication is a type of
communication involving people
from different cultures and who
may have differences in their
communication styles and
strategies
 High Context VS. Low Context
• High- context cultures (Mediterranean,
Central European, Latin American,
African, Arab, Asian,American
Indian)leave much of the message
unspecified, to be understood through
context, non-verbal cues, and between-
the-lines interpretation of what is actually
said.
• By contrast, low context
cultures (most Germanic and
English –speaking countries)
expect messages to be explicit
and specific.
 Sequential vs. Synchronic
• In sequential cultures (North
American, English, German,
Swedish, and Dutch),
businesspeople give full attention to
one agenda item after another
• Synchronic cultures (South
America, southern Europe, and
Asia) tend to value priorities more
than a predetermined time limit.
They will do what is right to do at
the moment, not follow a strict
schedule.
 Affective vs. Neutral
• Members of neutral cultures do
not telegraph their feelings, but
keep them carefully subdued and
controlled.
• In cultures with high affect, people
show their feelings plainly by
laughing, smiling, crying,
grimacing, scowling, and
sometimes crying, shouting or
walking out of the room.
• This doesn’t mean that people in
neutral cultures are cold or
unfeeling, but in the course of
normal business activities, neutral
cultures are more careful to
monitor the amount of emotion
they display.
• Emotional reactions were found to
be least acceptable in Japan,
Indonesia, the UK, Norway, and
the Netherlands and most
accepted in Italy, France, the US.,
and Singapore.
• I feel the same way.
• I agree with your
thoughts on this.
 “Saying ‘No’ in China” by Sean Upton-
McLaughlin

• “By understanding the different ways in which the Chinese indirectly

refuse others, Western business people in China will have several
advantages. First, when speaking with Chinese employees, superiors,
friends and family members, recognizing a vague refusal can lead to
an earlier comprehension and reduce the potential danger caused by
misinformation. Second, understanding the Chinese indirect methods
of refusal can allow Western business people to apply them to their
own conversations and negotiations with the Chinese. By saying no
in the Chinese way, the feelings of the Chinese can be spared,
allowing for a more effective working relationship.”
 FIVE WAYS OF SAYING NO

• Expressing embarrassment
• Being roundabout and vague
• Making excuses
• Putting things off
• Offering a positive before a negative
 “How Asians Say ‘No’ Without Saying It”
by Jasper Kim

• “In the West (a low context environment, in which more

focus is placed on the communication itself than the
communication context), a premium is placed on clarity,
which in turn, means brevity and direct communication.
But in the East (a high context environment, in which
more focus is placed on the context of the
communication than the communication itself),
communication can be more indirect, which may be
understood by others from the same region, but may be
complex and difficult to understand for those from the
 HOW ASIANS SAY NO WITHOUT
SAYING IT

• Maybe later
• I/We will think about it
• I/We don’t know
• Silence
• That would be impossible
• The key to cross cultural
success is to develop an
understanding of, and a
deep respect for, the
differences.
• Asian Accents
 Synthesis
• The diversity of people and
culture impacts
communication.
Communicating with people
coming from unfamiliar
culture poses challenges.
• .
• The success of intercultural
communication does not depend
on language skills alone, but on
openness and sensitivity to
cultural diversity, as well as on a
genuine desire to understand and
be understood.
 ASSIGNMENT

• Look in your bag, at the tags on your clothing, at

your cell phone etc., try to identify where at least
one object you have with you was made. Do
some research about this object. Chart your
discoveries on a piece of paper. Each presents
their discoveries about :
• What do we know about each of the countries/regions
where these objects were made? For those which are not
made in the Philippines, why do you think these objects
were made overseas? Who profits from these objects
being made in another country but sold here? Who
suffers or is exploited? Why do you think our economy
is set up in this way?
 CRITERIA

• critical thinking and argument-10 points

• research and evidence-10 points

• organization--5 points

• convention-5 points
 Group Activity
Digital
collage/poster/slogan the
impact of globalization on
communication
1 per group
• Communicating with Filipinos:
• An Expat’s Confession
• Interview a member of an expatriate
community in the Philippines. An
expatriate(also referred to locally “expat”)
is a non-Filipino person who is
temporarily residing in the Philippines for
business or work purposes. During your
interview, ask about his or her experiences
with communicating with Filipinos. What
are his/her pleasant experiences.
• Write a letter to a non- Filipino
person who plans to reside in the
Philippines someday. In this letter,
give this person some advice about
how to communicate with
Filipinos.
• Combine the results of these two
activities and be ready to present it
as a CREATIVE oral presentation
to the class using any of your
talents (singing, rapping,
interpretative dancing, spoken
poetry reciting, etc.,).
• Content-10 points

• Stage presence/confidence- 5
points

• Creativity-10 points

• Effort-5 points