EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT OF

AN ALTERNATOR
From equation (1), there are three causes of voltage drop:
1. Armature Circuit Voltage Drop
2. Armature Reactance Voltage Drop
3. Armature Reaction Voltage Drop (Depending on the p.f of
the load, produces a voltage which may aid or reduce the
terminal voltage)
1. At Unity Power Factor
2. At Lagging Power Factor
3. At Leading Power Factor
Generalized Voltage Equation
Q-1. A 1000 KVA, 4600V, 3-Phase,Y- connected alternator has an
armature resistance of 2 /phase and a synchronous armature
reactance of 20 /phase. Find the full load generated voltage per
phase
i) Unity P.F.
ii) 0.75 P.F. lagging
iii) 0.75 P.F. leading
Hints:
1. Calculate Phase Voltage
2. Calculate Armature current from KVA rating and phase voltage
3. Calculate Armature circuit voltage drop
4. Calculate Synchronous Reactance Voltage Drop
5. Calculate Generated voltage using the formulas for UPF,
Lagging and Leading loads.
Q-2. A non salient-pole synchronous generator having
synchronous reactance of 0.8 p.u is supplying 1 p.u. power to
a UPF load at a terminal voltage of 1.1 p.u. Neglecting the
armature resistance, the angle of the voltage behind the
synchronous reactance with respect to the angle of the
terminal voltage in degrees is ________ [GATE-2014]
Hints:
1. Calculate Armature current from Power rating, phase
voltage and power factor
2. Calculate δ, from = V0 + j
Q-3. It is desirable to eliminate 5th harmonic voltage from the
phase voltage of the alternator. The coils should be short
pitched by an electrical angle of [GATE-2001]
a) 30
b) 36
c) 72
d) 18
Hints:
n= 180
Q-4. The phase sequence of a 3 phase alternator will reverse,
if
a) The field current is reversed keeping the direction of
rotation same
b) The field current remains the same but the direction of
rotation is reversed
c) The field current is reversed and the number of poles is
doubled
d) The number of poles is doubled without reversing the
field current.
[GATE-2000]
Thank You