Formulation and characterization of Herbal

Toothpaste containing Antimicrobial bioactive

derived from Harungana Madagascariensis
By
Amadi Eze
U2012/4725015
Supervisor Dr. C. Nwachukwu

9th February, 2023

 OUTLINE
 Introduction
 Aims and objectives of the study
 Identification, collections and processing of plants
 Methods
 Results
 Discussion
 Conclusion
 INTRODUCTION
Toothpaste is a dentifrice used to clean, maintain and improve the
health of teeth. Toothpaste is mainly used to promote oral cleanliness
and also acts as an abrasive that help to prevent the dental plaque and
food particles from the teeth, aids in removing and / or veiling of
halitosis and release active ingredient such as fluoride to aid in
preventing tooth and gum disease (e.g. gingivitis). The majority of the
cleaning is performed by the mechanical utilization of the tooth brush
with the help of excipients used in toothpaste (Dange, et al; 2014). The
mechanical that could supplant patient is dependent on the mechanical
plaque control and it reduces and prevents oral disease. Self –
performed mechanical plaque removal is one of the most accepted
method of controlling plaque and gingivitis. The mechanical plaque
control is time consuming and some may lack motivation for these
procedures (George et al. 2009).
AIM AND OBJECTIVES
 To formulate a plant based toothpaste using phytochemical extracts
from Harungana Madagascariensis leaves as active ingredient.
 To evaluate the effectiveness of the extract as natural ingredient for
toothpaste formulation.
 To evaluate the effectiveness of the extract against micro – organisms as
oral cavity.

IDENTIFICATION, COLLECTION AND PROCESSING OF SAMPLE

• The leaves of the plans (Harungana Madagascariensis) were
collected at the University Teaching Hospital (UPTH) Choba,
Port Harcourt. It was identified by Dr. Suleman of the
Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Science, University of Port Harcourt
Kingdom Plantae
Family Hypericaceae
Genus Harungana
Specie H.
Madagascariensis
Common Name Dragon blood
Local Name Orturu
 PROCESSING OF SAMPLE
The leaves of the sample were cleaned, air druid under shade of
ambient temperature of the druid leaves was milled and pulverized
using domestic mixer. 1000g of the powered plant sample was
extracted by cold maceration using n-Hexane and ethanol
respectively. The sample was filtered using the Filter paper, and the
filtrate was further filtered using the whatman No. 1 Filter paper.
The filtrate was concentrated with rotary evaporator and further
with water bath for 8hrs. The extract was stored in a crucible and
the yield noted.

PRELIMINARY STUDIES
 Phytochemical Screening
 Antimicrobial evaluation of extracts
 METHOD OF TOOTHPASTE FORMATION
S/N INGREDIENTS F1 F2 F3

1. Calcium carbonate 24g 24g 24g

2. Glycerol 12ml 12ml 12ml
3. Sodium Lauryl Sulphate 0.84g 0.84g 0.84g
4. Sodium cmc 1.2g 1.2g 1.2g
5. Peppermint oil Qs Qs Qs
6. API 0.6g 1.2g 1.8g
7. Aqua 60g 60g 60g

From the given formula, A 1.2g of sodium cmc was weighed and transferred to
a beaker containing 18ml of water and allowed to solubilize. 10ml of glycerol
was added and peppermint water added in aliquot and stirred until a gel was
formed. Little quantity of Sodium Sulphate was milled using 80mm sieve, a
0.84g of the milled Sodium Sulphate, 24g of Calcium carbonate are 0.6g of the
extract was weighed respectively and homogenized in a mortar using the
doubling up technique. The gel was incorporated in a drop-wise manner into
the mortar and triturated well until it a paste consistency was formed. Same
procedure was carried out for both ethanol and n-hexane extract.
EVALUATION OF TOOTHPASTE
 Colour Greenish yellow
 Odour Sweet smell
 Spreadability
 Foamablility
 PH
 Antimicrobial activity
 Viscosity
RESULT
Antimicrobial Testing
The antimicrobial evaluation of the toothpaste was carried out on lactic acid bacillus and actinomycetes .
Phytochemical Test Observation Inference

Alkaloids Dragendoff Brick red +

Mayer Reddish brown +

Saponin Frothing Frothing seen +

Tannins Ferric Chloride Green color +

Flavonoid Shinoda Pink to rose coloration +

ZONE OF INHIBITION OF TOOTHPASTE
Control = Colgate
 DISCUSSION
From the result the MIC(Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) of the toothpaste for
both n-hexane and ethanol are 25g/ml and12.5g/ml, it can be deduced that the
formulated toothpaste is partially active against the antimicrobial agent as its zone
of exhibition is not equal to that of the control standard this might be due to some
error which might be due to the inability of the agent to diffuse properly through the
agar plate, but however it effectiveness is due to the presence of the phytochemical
constituent present, and thus can be recommended in the formation of toothpaste.
CONCLUSION
From the experiment it can be concluded that the leaf extract of Harungana
Madascariensis partially active against microbial flora.
RECOMMENDATION
I recommend that the control used in this formulation should be compared with the
control used in other literature to standardize my result.
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