Unit 1 : information systems

Abun gorgorios school

School of regular program grade-12
Department of information technology
mr. Belete Asfaw (2022)
 Outline(outcome)

 Introduction to information systems (IS)

 understand the concept of
e-learning,
e-commerce,
e-government,
e-banking and
e-libraries.

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What is Information Systems?
Information systems is an umbrella term for
the systems, people, and processes designed to
create, store, manipulate, distribute and
disseminate(distribution) information. The
field of information systems bridges business
and computer science.
system as a group of components or
subsystems that integrate and function together
in order to achieve a specific goal. For
example, a disk subsystem is a component or
part of a computer system.
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 basics of e-learning
 Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge or
skills by instruction or study.or
 the acquisition of knowledge or skills through study,
experience, or being taught.
 Traditionally, learning has been imparted using a
static content, which does not change for the duration
of a grade or a training session.
 However, with an increase in the use of the Internet,
the focus is now shifting to Web-based Training
(WBT).
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Definition of Electronic Learning
Electronic Learning or E-learning is a flexible
term used to describe a means of learning
through technology such as a network, browser,
CD-ROM or DVD multimedia platforms.(a flat,
raised structure,)
Some other terms frequently interchanged with e-
learning include:=.main elements
(i) Online learning (ii) Online education
(iii) Distance education
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 Cont.…..
(iv) Distance learning
(v) Technology-based training
(vi) Web-based training
(vii) Computer-based training
Distance education provides the base for e-
learning’s development. E-learning can be “on
demand”. It over comes timing, attendance and
travel difficulties.
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 Cont.…
The e-learning is an umbrella term that describes
learning done at a computer, usually connected
to a network, giving the opportunity to learn
almost anytime, anywhere.
Distance is eliminated(removal or to put an end
to or get rid of ) because the e-learning content is
designed with media that can be accessed from
properly equipped computer terminals, and other
means of Internet accessible technology.

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 Cont.…
Brandon Hall, a noted e-learning researcher,
 defines e-learning as instruction delivered
electronically wholly by a web browser, through
the Internet or an Intranet, or through CD-ROM
or DVD multimedia platforms.
 an intranet is a closed network while the internet
is a public network.
Today’s e-learning tools go beyond computers
to include MP3 players, podcasts, blogs and
more.
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 Cont.….
podcast
a digital audio file made available on the
internet for downloading to a computer or
mobile device, typically available as a series,
new installments of which can be received by
subscribers automatically.
Blog :-a regularly updated website or web
page, typically one run by an individual or small
group, that is written in an informal or
conversational style.
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 Cont.…..
shows an academic e-learning model.

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 Levels of E-learning
 E-learning falls into the following four categories,
1. Knowledge Databases.
 is a self-serve(ራስን ማገልገል) online library of information
about a product, service, department, or topic.
 along with step-by-step instructions for performing
specific tasks.
 These are usually moderately interactive, meaning
that you can either type in a key word or phrase or
search the database, or make a selection from an
alphabetical list.

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2. Online Support.
similar manner to knowledge databases.
Online support comes in the form of forums,
chat rooms, online bulletin boards, e-mail, or
live instant-messaging support.
opportunity for more specific questions and
answers, as well as more immediate answers.

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 3. Asynchronous Training
It involves self-paced(በራስ መተጣጠፍ)
learning, either CD-ROM-based, network-
based, Intranet-based or Internet-based.
It may include access to instructors through
online bulletin boards, online discussion
groups and e-mail.
Or, it may be totally self-contained(እራሱን
የቻለ) with links to reference materials in place
of a live instructor.

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 4. Synchronous Training
(የተመሳሰለ ስልጠና)
This is done in real-time with a live instructor
facilitating the training.
Everyone logs in at a set time and can
communicate directly with the instructor and
with each other.
This type of training usually takes place via
Internet Websites, audio- or video-
conferencing, Internet telephony, or even two-
way live broadcasts to students in a classroom.
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 difference between synchronous and asynchronous
 synchronous communications are scheduled, real-
time interactions by phone, video, or in-person.
 example, educational video conferences, interactive
webinars, chat-based online discussions, and lectures
that are broadcast at the same time they delivered
 Asynchronous communication happens on your own
time and doesn't need scheduling.
 Example, Watching pre-recorded lecture videos or
lessons.

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Advantages and Disadvantages of
E-learning
Advantages
1.First-in Market: The e-learning model
enables the placement of content on the Web as
soon as it is ready without having to wait for
printing, packaging and shipping through
distribution channels. This results in cutting
down the lead-time between the development of
a course and its availability to learners.

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2. Learner Control:
All you need for e-learning is a Web
connection. You can limit the duration of an e-
learning session to study only the volume of
content that you can fully absorb.
3. Enhanced Retention: የተሻሻለ ማቆቀት
the e-learning material is delivered in small
logical modules known as skillets. This results
in better retention and recall for a learner.

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4. Timely and Easy Access:
E-learning is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a
week.
5. Interactive Mode: በሚገናኙበት ሁኔታ
E-learning also allows you to chat with co-learners
on different topics related to their subject and
participate in discussion forums.
Chat is the typed discussion among participants
who are online at the same time; it is just like
telephone conversation, except that messages are
typed rather than spoken.
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6. Assessment and Feedback:
E-learning provides you with assessment
exercises that test you on the course that you
are learning. On-line tests are typically
optional self-initiated tests. You get a dynamic
set of questions to answer.
7. Up-to-date Content:
the content in an e-learning course is updated
regularly.This enables you to gain access to
the latest information on the course.
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 8. State-of-the-art Environment:
Most transactions are changing from physical
to virtual, and the Internet is at the core of
everything.
Therefore, with e-learning, you work in a
state-of-the-art environment that is going to be
the environment of the future.
Disadvantages
1.Up-front Investment:
larger due to development costs.
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2. Technology Issues:
factor include whether the existing technology
infrastructure can accomplish the training goals,
whether the additional technology expenditures
can be justified, and whether compatibility of all
software and hardware can be achieved.
3. Inappropriate Content: ተገቢ ያልሆነ
involve complex physical/motor or emotional
components (for example, juggling or mediation
(ሽምግልና)) can be augmented with e-learning.
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4. Cultural Acceptance:
is an issue in organizations where student
demographics(የስነህዝብአወቃቀር)and
psychographics may predispose them against
using computers at all, let alone for e-learning,
unavailability of required technologies.
5. Portability:
does not rival(ተቀናቃኝ) that of printed
workbooks or reference material.
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6. Reduced Social and Cultural Interaction:
The impersonality, suppression of
communication mechanisms such as body
language, and elimination of peer-to-peer
learning that are part of this potential
disadvantage are lessening with advances in
communications technologies.
Technology Necessary for E-learning
The different types of e-learning are based on:
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 Cont.….
Means of communication
 Schedule
E-learning class structure
Technologies used
1. Information Technology
2. Telecommunication Technology
3. Internet Connection

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Information Technology
Technology
 is the usage and knowledge of tools, crafts, techniques,
or systems, or methods of organizations.
Technology focuses on making things happen.
Technology began to influence human beings as soon
as people began using tools.
Now-a-days, technology is an integrated part of lives of
human beings. For example, the technology in
communications such as mobile phones help us to connect
with the other people easily.
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 Cont.….

Or
technology, the application of scientific
knowledge to the practical aims of human life
or, as it is sometimes phrased, to the change
and manipulation of the human environment.

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 C0nt…
“Information Technology”, or “IT”, refers to
anything related to computing technology, such
as networking, hardware, software, the Internet,
or the people that work with these technologies.
or
Information Technology is the study, design,
development, implementation support and/or
management of any computer based information
systems. This relates particularly to software
applications and computer hardware.
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 What is Information Technology?
 Information technology falls under the IS umbrella
but deals with the technology involved in the systems
themselves. Information technology can be defined as
the study, design, implementation, support or
management of computer-based information systems .
 IT typically includes hardware, software, databases, and
networks. Information technology often governs the
acquisition, processing, storage, and dissemination of digitized
information, or data, generated through the disciplines of
computing and telecommunications. Information technology
focuses on managing technology and improving its utilization
to advance the overall business goals.
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Telecommunication
Technology
Telecommunication is the transmission of
messages over significant distances for the
purpose of communication.
Telecommunications as a word has its origins
in Greek. It is a combination of tele which
means ‘Far Off’ and communications which is
an ‘exchange of information’. In its simplest
terms “a far off exchange of information”.

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 Cont.…
Other early forms of telecommunications were
signal flags and lights.
More modern uses were the telegraph,
telephone and even data transmissions. Even
radio and TV are forms of
telecommunications; television even has the
same root word tele.
The basic elements of a telecommunications
system are:
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 Cont.….
1. A transmitter=>information to be
communicated and produce.
2. A signal to be transported.
3. A transmission medium= its path from
the transmitter to the receiver.
4.A receiver=>The receiver can be
designed to tolerate a significant degree
of signal degradation.

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 Cont.….
 Telecommunication can be point-to-point, from one transmitter
to one receiver or point-to-multipoint which is also known as
broadcasting.
 broadcasting:-covers a wide spectrum of different
communication methods such as television, radio, newspapers,
magazines and any other materials supplied by the media and
press.
 Internet Connection
 Computers speak to one another and send information.
 means a connection provided by an Internet Service Provider
that enables individual computers or other hardware
components, ..
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 How E-learning Works?
E-Learning can be done using an Internet
connection, a network, an intranet, or a storage
disk.
 It uses a variety of media like audio, text,
virtual environments, video, and animation.
E-Learning, in some ways, is even better than
classroom learning methods as it is a one-on-
one learning method and self-paced.

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 Activity 1.1
Learning Management System
A Learning Management System (or LMS) is
a software package that enables the management
and delivery of learning content and resources to
students.
Most LMS systems are Web-based — to
facilitate “anytime, anywhere” access to learning
content and administration.

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 What is Moodle?
Moodle is an Open Source Course
Management System (CMS), also known as a
Learning Management System (LMS) or a
Virtual Learning Environment (VLE).
It has become very popular among educators
around the world as a tool for creating online
dynamic websites for their students. To work,
it needs to be installed on a web server
somewhere, either on one of your own
computers or one at a web hosting company.
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 Basics of E-Government
Electronic systems now reach into all levels of
government, into the workplace, and into
private lives to such an extent that even people
without access to these systems are affected in
significant ways by them.
Some examples:-E-learning system-
government system-banking system, E-
libraries system ,E-commerce system

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 Definition of E-government
The term “e-government” is extensive and
applicable to any government entity, not only
nationally but globally.
E-government is the use of ICT to support
government operations, engage(participate)
citizens, and provide government services.

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 Cont.….
E-government, also known as electronic
government, refers to government’s use of
information technology to exchange
information and services with citizens,
businesses, and other arms of government. Or
“E-government” refers to the use by
government agencies of information
technologies (such as Wide Area Networks,
the Internet, and mobile computing) that have
the ability to transform relations with citizens,
businesses, and other arms of government
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Mobile computing
 involves mobile communication, mobile hardware,
and mobile software. Communication issues include
ad hoc networks and infrastructure networks ...
 A wide area network (WAN) is a large computer
network that connects groups of computers over large
distances.
 Internet is a worldwide system of computer
networks -- a network of networks in which users at
any one computer can, if they have permission, get
information from any other computer
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 Cont.…..
These technologies can serve a variety of
different ends:
 better delivery of government services to citizens,
improved interactions with business and industry,
citizen empowerment(ማብቃት) through access to
information, or more efficient government
management.
 The resulting benefits
can be—less corruption, increased transparency,
greater convenience, revenue growth, and cost
reductions.
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 Features of e-governance
 E-governance provides the following three major
functions:
1. e-administration: improving government processes by
cutting costs, managing performance, making
strategic connections within government, and creating
empowerment.
2. e-citizens and e-services: connecting citizens to
government by talking to citizens and supporting
accountability, listening to citizens and supporting
democracy, and improving public services.

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 3. e-society:
building interactions beyond the
boundaries of government by working
better with business, developing
communities, building government
partnerships, and building civil society.

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 Figure 1.8 shows e-governance
model.

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 Cont.…
The internet is a worldwide computer NW that
transmits a variety of data and media across
interconnected devices.
Is a NW of NWs all of which the same set of
communication protocols.
An intranet is a private network contained within an
enterprise that is used to securely share company
information and computing resources among
employees.
example. Real estate company intranet

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extranet
 is a private network that only authorized users can
access. These authorized users may include business
partners, suppliers, and even some ...
 Is the extension of intranet
 Example :- e-commerce -site
d/nce
The Internet is a wide network of computers that is available to all
whereas Intranet is a network of computers designed for a certain
group of users. Internet is a public network and Intranet is a private
network. Internet contains various source of information while
Intranet only contains group-specific information.
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 Advantages of E-government
 to improve the efficiency of the current government
system.
 return save money and time.
 The introduction would also facilitate better
communications between governments and
businesses. An example:-(G2G), (B2B)
 reduce the need for manpower.
Application of E-government
 empower citizens and businesses to transact
government business online:-Agencies benefit, too,
from reduced paperwork, improved databases, and 46
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increased efficiency.
 Cont.…
 important innovation for enhancing good governance
and strengthening a country. It can facilitate access to
information, freedom of expression, greater equity,
efficiency, productivity growth and social inclusion.
 Successful e-government initiatives offer tangible
opportunities which include:
1. transformation of cumbersome(አስቸጋሪ) public
administration and service delivery processes thereby
increase efficiency of governments.
2. empowerment and participation of citizens, thereby
contribute to strengthening democratic processes.
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 Cont.…
3. greater transparency and accountability, thereby lead to better
governance and reduce opportunities for corruption.
4. stimulation of the usage of ICT applications in other
development sectors (e-health, e-education), thereby opens
opportunities to transform agriculture-based economies.
Disadvantage of e-government
 loss of interpersonal communication. Interpersonal
communication is an aspect of communication that many people
consider vital.
Technology has its disadvantages as well. Specifically, the
setup cost is very high and the machines have to be regularly
maintained.

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 Services delivered by E-government
The four types of e-government services are discussed
below:
(i) Government-to-Citizen (G2C): This includes
information dissemination to the public, basic
citizen services such as license renewals, ordering of
birth/death/marriage certificates and filing of
income taxes, as well as citizen assistance for such basic
services as education, health care, hospital
information, libraries, and the like.

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 Cont.….
2. Government-to-Business (G2B): These transactions
include various services exchanged between
government and the business community, including
dissemination of policies(ፖሊሲዎችን ማሰራጨት),
memos, rules and regulations.
3. Government-to-Employee (G2E): These services
encompass G2C services as well as specialized services
that cover only government employees, such as the
provision of human resource training and development
that improve the bureaucracy’s day-to-day functions
and dealings with citizens.

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 Government-to-Government (G2G):
These services take place at two levels—at the
local or domestic level and at the international
level.
are transactions between the central/national,
local governments, department-level, attached
agencies and bureaus.
are transactions between governments, and can
be used as an instrument of international
relations and diplomacy.
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 Summery
 E-government is also known as electronic government.
 The main advantage of e-government is to improve the
efficiency of the current government system.
 E-government applications empower citizens and
businesses to transact government businesses online.
 The four types of e-government services are G2C,
G2B, G2E and G2G.
 The status of e-government in Ethiopia will certainly
improve in the coming years with implementation of
ICT.

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 Assessment 1.2
Fill in the Blanks
1. The implementation of .............................. would
improve internal efficiency, the delivery of public
services and better accessibility of public services.
2. .................... improves government processes by
cutting costs, managing performance etc.
3. The four types of e-government services
are ............., ...............,..................and ......................... .
State Whether True or False
1. E-government is also known as electronic
government.
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 Cont.….
2. E-governance provides an e-society.
3. The implementation of e-government would
not facilitate better communications between
governments and businesses.
4. E-government requires “a trip downtown”.
5. The status of e-government in Ethiopia will
certainly improve in the coming years.

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 Basics of E-Banking
Online banking allows a user to conduct
financial transactions via the Internet.
 Online banking is also known as Internet
banking or web banking.
To most people, electronic banking means 24-
hours access to cash through an Automated
Teller Machine (ATM) or paychecks deposited
directly into checking or savings accounts.
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 Cont.….
Electronic banking, also known as Electronic
Fund Transfer (EFT), uses computer and
electronic technology as a substitute for
checks and other paper transactions.
EFTs are initiated through devices such as
cards or codes that you use to gain access to
your account.
Many financial institutions use an Automated
Teller Machine (ATM) card and a Personal
Identification Number (PIN) for this purpose.
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 Advantages of Online Banking
1. Convenience:
 It also saves time.
2. Organization:
3. Reduced paperwork:
4. Confidentiality:

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 Disadvantages of Online Banking
1. Security Issues:
2. Lack of Documentation: When business is
conducted online, everything is done through
the computer screen and no receipts are
given.
3. System Failure: A system failure is a
problem either with hardware (other than
disk) or with operating system software that
causes your system to end abnormally.
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 How E-banking Works?
E-banking involves a variety of transactional
areas, ranging from direct deposit of
paychecks, obtaining cash from an ATM, to
using a debit card to purchase goods and
services.
E- banking and the resulting financial
transactions involve the transmission of
financial data and transfer of funds through
various modes such as computers, phones, and
other technological advanced devices.
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 Basics of E-Libraries
E-libraries are the physical sites and / or
websites that provide 24 hours online access to
digitized audio, video, and written material. or
An electronic library has, not only text data
but also sound, graphics, and motion video, in
the form of digital data. Because all data is
digitized, various kinds of data can be merged
easily and a high level of retrieval and other
processing can be done.

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 Advantages of E-libraries
1. No physical boundary:
 The user of e-library need not to go to the
library physically. People from all over the
world could gain access to the same
information, as long as an Internet connection
is available.
2. Round the clock availability:
 can be accessed at any time

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 Cont.….
3. Multiple accesses:
The same resources can be used at the same
time by a number of users.
4. Structured approach:
provides access to much richer content in a
more structured manner,
5. Information retrieval:
to use any search term belonging to the word
or phrase of the entire collection.
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 6. Preservation and conservation:
An exact copy of the original can be made any
number of times without any degradation in
quality.
7. Space:
traditional libraries are limited by storage
space, e-libraries have the potential to store
much more information, simply because
digital information requires very little physical
space to contain them.
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8. Networking:
can provide the link to any other resources
9. Cost:
Disadvantages of E-libraries
1.Copyright:
2. Speed of access:
3. Initial cost is high:
4. Bandwidth:
5. Efficiency:6. Environment:7. Preservation:
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 System Analysis
Overview
A system is defined as a collection of related
components that interact to perform a task in
order to accomplish a goal.
A system may not work very well, but it is
nevertheless a system. The point of systems
analysis and design is to ascertain how a
system works and then take steps to make it
better.
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 Systems analysis
Systems analysis the process of observing
systems for troubleshooting or development
purposes. It is applied to information
technology, where computer-based systems
require defined analysis according to their
makeup and design.

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 Cont.…
An organization’s computer-based information
system consists of hardware, software, people,
procedures, and data, as well as
communications setups.
These work together to provide people with
information for running the organization.
An organization may feel the need for a
system due to a variety of reasons.
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 Cont.…
1. A single individual who believes that something
badly needs changing is all it takes to get the
project rolling.
2. An employee may influence a supervisor.
3. A customer or supplier may get the attention of
someone in higher management.
4. Top management may decide independently to take
a look at a system that looks inefficient.
5. A steering committee may be formed to decide
which of many possible projects should be worked
on.
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 Cont.….
Three types of participants are there in the project
as given below:
(i) Users (ii) Management (iii) Technical staff
A systems analyst:- is an information specialist
who performs systems analysis, design, and
implementation.
The analyst’s job is to study the information and
communications needs of an organization and
determine what changes are required to deliver
better information to people who need it.
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 Cont.…
• “Better” information means information that is
summarized in the acronym “CART”—
complete, accurate, relevant, and timely.
• The systems analyst achieves this goal through
the problem-solving method of systems
analysis and design.

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 Modelling tools
• enable a systems analyst to present graphic, or
pictorial, representations of a system.
• An example of a modelling tool is a Data Flow
Diagram (DFD), which graphically shows the
flow of data through a system— that is, the
essential processes of a system, along with
inputs, outputs and files

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 Cont.…

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 Systems analysis and design
is a six-phase problem-solving procedure for
examining an information system and
improving it.
The six phases make up what is known as the
systems development life cycle.
The Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
is a step-by-step process that many
organizations follow during systems analysis
and design.
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 Cont.….
Fig. 1.21: The systems development life cycle
(SDLC)

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 System Problems
Identifying System Problem
1.Problems may be functional—that is, the
system may be incomplete, not fulfilling all the
program requirements.
2.Problems may be technical (non-functional)-
the system may be too slow, sized too small, or
be obsolete and inefficient in terms of hardware
or software.
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 Cont.…
Problems may also relate to system cost or to
access, limiting the ability of personnel to use
system information to full potential.
System problem identification step should also
include a determination of the seriousness of
each problem and its effects on factors such as
clients and financial considerations.

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 Recognize Functional and Non-
functional System Requirements
The Feasibility Study should include an initial
statement of the functional and technical (non-
functional) requirements for the system.
An overview of the system requirements
should reflect a broad range of factors,
Feasibility Study :-Helping you to understand
the market size, cash flows, breakeven points,
return on equity.
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 Cont.…
An overview of the system requirements
should reflect a broad range of factors
Functional, programmatic requirements;
Information needs;
 System needs;
Interface and matching requirements;
Processing and data flow needs; Storage and
retrieval requirements;
Inputs; and out put

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 Cont.…
Workload, projected overtime;
Validation and internal control needs;
Security/Privacy requirements;
 Emergency response, back-up, and disaster
recovery;
Accessibility requirements for the disabled;
and/or
 Space and Environment.

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 Preliminary Investigation
The objective of Phase 1, preliminary
investigation, is to conduct a preliminary
analysis, propose alternative solutions, describe
costs and benefits, and submit a preliminary
plan with recommendations.
These steps are given below:
1. Conduct the preliminary analysis.
2. Propose alternative solutions.
3. Describe the costs and benefits.
4. Submit a preliminary plan.
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 Conduct the preliminary analysis
to find out what the organization’ objectives are
and the nature and scope of the problem under
consideration.
Propose alternative solutions.
solutions can come from interviewing people
inside the organization, clients or customers
affected by it, suppliers and consultants.
have three choices. You can leave the system as
is, improve it, or develop a new system.
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 Describe the costs and benefits.
three alternatives is chosen, it will have costs
and benefits.
Systems and subsystems may be better
integrated.
Customers’ or suppliers’ interactions with the
system may be more satisfactory.
Security may be improved. Costs may be cut.

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 Submit a preliminary plan.
to wrap up all your findings in a written report.
describe the potential solutions, costs, and
benefits and mention your recommendations.

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 System Analysis
The steps are:
1.Gather data
2.Analyze the data.
3.Write a report.
Gather data:-
review written documents, interview employees
and managers, develop questionnaires, and
observe people and processes at their place of
work.
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 Analyze the data.
 Many analytical tools, or Modelling tools, are
available.
Write a report
 This report to management should have three parts:
(a) It should explain how the existing system works.
(b) It should explain the problems with the existing
system.
(c) It should describe the requirements for the new system
and make recommendations on what to do next.

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 Systems design
• Includes the design of application, network,
databases, user interfaces, and system
interfaces.
• Transform the SRS document into logical
structure, which contains detailed and
complete set of specifications that can be
implemented in a programming language.
• Create a contingency, training, maintenance,
and operation plan.
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 Cont.…

• What Is a Software Requirements

Specification (SRS) Document?
• is a document that describes what the software
will do and how it will be expected to perform.
It also describes the functionality the product
needs to fulfill all stakeholders (business,
users) needs

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 Cont.. SA
 Review the proposed design. Ensure that the final
design must meet the requirements stated in SRS
document.
 Finally, prepare a design document which will be
used during next phases.
Systems development
 is the process of defining, designing, testing, and
implementing a new software application or program.
 It could include the internal development of
customized systems, the creation of database systems,
or the acquisition of third party developed software.
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 Systems implementation
 Implement the design into source code through
coding.
 Combine all the modules together into training
environment that detects errors and defects.
 A test report which contains errors is prepared
through test plan that includes test related tasks such
as test case generation, testing criteria, and resource
allocation for testing.
 Integrate the information system into its environment
and install the new system.
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 Maintenance/Support
Include all the activities such as phone support
or physical on-site support for users that is
required once the system is installing.
Implement the changes that software might
undergo over a period of time, or implement any
new requirements after the software is deployed
at the customer location.
It also includes handling the residual errors and
resolve any issues that may exist in the system
even after the testing phase.
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 Cont.…
Maintenance and support may be needed for a
longer time for large systems and for a short
time for smaller systems
Role of System Analyst= assignment

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Unit 2 Enhancing the Use of Software
Using Application Software
Software required to solve some specific task of
daily use is generally called application software.
Some examples of application software are:
 Word Processing Software
 Presentation Software
 Spreadsheet Software
 Desktop Publishing Software
 Database Management Software

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 Word Processing Software

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 Question & Answer

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 Thank You !!!

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