WFM6104: GENDER AND WATER

Lec_11 & 12: Gender Analysis Using Harvard

Analytical Framework

Dr. Sujit Kumar Bala

Professor
IWFM, BUET
 Gender Analysis
Gender analysis takes into account women's roles in production,

reproduction, and management of community and other activities.

Gender analysis must be done at all stages of the development

process.
Social and economic analyses are incomplete without an

understanding of gender and social differences and inequalities.

With a gender analysis, planners gain a more accurate picture of

communities, natural resource uses, households and water users

(GWA, 2006).
 Concept of Gender Analysis

Practical gender needs highlights on women's immediate

practical needs (such as access to water)”.

Strategic gender needs give emphasis to address issues of

equity and empowerment of women and target factors that

discriminate against women.
This may include the access of women to resources and

benefits, including laws and policies (such as access to

land or finance).
 Gender Analytical Framework

A few gender analysis frameworks are mentioned below:

Harvard Analytical Framework,

Moser (triple roles) Framework,

Gender Analysis Matrix,

Equality and Empowerment Framework (Longwe),

Capacities and Vulnerabilities Framework,

People Oriented Framework and

Social Relations Approach Framework

 What are the criteria of HAF?

HAF is appealing for

Practical and hands-on training.

Give a clear picture of the gender division of labor.

Distinguish between access and control of resources.

Easily adaptable.

Non-threatening and gender neutral; they rely on facts rather

than theory.
Designed for data collection.
 Harvard Analytical Framework

The framework uses four interrelated

components:
 Activity Profile,

 Access and Control Profile,

 Factors Influencing Access and Control and

 Project cycle Analysis.

 The Harvard Analytical Framework
Helps to understand gender
equality progress assessment

Activity Profile Access and Control Profile

To understand the gender
equality progress in terms
of income generating
activities.
To understand the gender
equality in terms of access and
control over land, water, credit
programme and training due to
water project.

Influencing Factors
From the analysis of activity and
access and control profile -
constraint and opportunity factors
are established.
Project Cycle Analysis
To understand the practical
needs and strategic needs due
to the water project
implementation.

Scaling of the Gender

equality Result
CIDA’s Rating Scale is used to
for scaling the gender
equality result

Figure 3.3: Flowchart of HAF

Profile Category Indicator
Productive Canal excavation (LGED approach); Blanket
Activities stitching; Net preparing; Poultry; Day labor; Small
farmer; Field Worker(both harvesting& pre-
harvesting period); Post harvesting Activities (such
as threshing, and grading, packing, storage and
selling of crops, fruits & vegetable);House worker;
Business; Service holder; Farmer; Fisherman; Van
Activity driver; Bamboo business; Garage worker; Village
doctor and Shopkeeper.
profile
Reproductive Collection of fuel ;Control of water for house hold
Activities consumption; Cooking ; Caring for children; Caring
of cattle; Collection of natural medicine; Post
Harvesting Activities (processing, storage& seed
preservation of cereal crop).

Community Attending to funeral, wedding

Managemen ceremonies ;Participation in NGO such as BRAC,
t activities PROSHIKA, Juba Unnayan, etc ; Participation in
village meeting such as local ‘shalish’ and
Participation in the meeting of WMCA etc
Profile Category Indicator

Economic Resources Benefits

Land; Water; Income Credit programme (NGO

and Capital. and WMA); Operation &
maintenance of WRS;
Training (NGO and
Access WMA); Canal excavation
and as income source; Pre-
Control harvesting activities (such
profile seed preparation,
irrigation); Harvesting
activities (such as day
labor) and PHA (such as
processing of crop rice,
wheat, maize, potato,
pulses, oilseeds,
vegetables).

Improved Drinking water; Food; Nutrition; Money; Health;

living and Sanitation.

Decision Improved Status in terms of Awareness, Voice,

Making Mobility and Opportunity; Training of WMA.
 Project Cycle Analysis
Needs Control Area Intervened Area
Practical Gender 1. Reducing women’s work load through 1. Improvement of health through
Needs increment of water availabilities. primary health center.
2. Improvement of health & sanitation 2. Improving income through
through easy accessibility to water easier access of women in credit
basically for women during their programme and access to canal
delivery & menstruation period. excavation.
3. Livestock rearing & poultry farming 3. More job opportunity such as
facilities through water availabilities. plantation programme of LGED
4. Improving income through access to will increase gender
credit programme and access to canal empowerment.
excavation.
Strategic Gender 1. Capacity building in case of decision making through easy access of women to
Needs training & education programme of LGED & other NGOs.
2. More education facilities by LGED or other NGO will make poor women to
get literacy which is a predictor of decision making.
3. Creation of job sector so that skilled or trained women could exercise their
knowledge and increase their ability.
4. Participation of women in the executive body such as member, union
chairmen, will change the social structure and helpful to raise women’s voice.
Thus the social and cultural view will be wide for different religious women.
 Influencing Factors of a WR Project
 Opportunity
 Water control structure
 Training & credit program
 Institutional arrangement

 Legislation
 Constraints
 Fund
 Less concern on gender issues by LGED
 WMCA
 Norms & values
 Gender disparity in case of recognition of labor
 Scale Criteria
Significant Depending on the Harvard Analytical Framework Result
Meets ALL the Following criteria
 More gender equality in income generating activity due to water availability.
 More access and control over the resources such as land, water, capital and
income.
 More access and control over the benefits such as credit, training and
agricultural benefits.
 Gender equality in case of in Decision making and O&M in WMA.
Encouraging Depending on the Harvard Analytical Framework Result
 Improvement of gender equality in income generating activity due to water
Rating availability.
Scale for  Improvement of access and control over the resources such as land, water,
capital and income.
Gender  Improvement of access and control over the benefits such as credit, training and
Equality agricultural benefits.
Less participation in case of decision making
 Gender equality in case of in decision making and O&M in WMA.
Modest Depending on the Harvard Analytical Framework Result
 Improvement of gender equality in income generating activity due to water
availability.
Less access and control over the resources and benefits
 Less access and control over the resources such as land, water, capital and
income.
 Less access and control over the benefits such as credit, training and
agricultural benefits.
Least participation in case of decision making
 Gender equality in case of in decision making and O&M in WMA.
Weak There is very less evidence achieved on gender equality depending on Harvard
Analytical Framework Result
 Brainstorming on Gender Analysis
Using Harvard Analytical Framework

Four interrelated components with mode of activities are given

in the following frameworks. The participants are to fill up the

profiles to see the impact of a water resources development
project for gender improvement in terms of control (without)
project.
Moreover, participants are also fill up the constraints and

opportunities of water resource development project. Project

cycle analysis and rating scale are to be filled up by the
participants.
 Types of activity Activity profile
Without Project With Project
Woman Man Woman Man
Productive Activities :
Canal excavation
(LGED approach)
Blanket stitching
Net preparing
i) Livestock &
Poultry rearing

Activity Day labor

a) Small farmer
Profile b) Field Worker
Post harvesting
Activities
House worker
Small Business
Service holder
Large Farmer
Fisherman
Van driver
Garage worker
Village doctor
Shopkeeper
 Reproductive Activities
Collection of Fuel
Collection of water
Control of water use
Cooking food
Washing cloth &
plates
Caring for children
Rearing of livestock
Kitchen gardening
Cleaning of toilets
Activity Collection of
Profile natural medicine
PHA

Participation in
social function
Attending in village
meeting
Keeping the
drinking water pure
Participation in
NGOs
Participation in
 Resources/ Benefits Without Project With Project
Economic Access Control Access Control
empowerment

Resources
Land
Water
Labor
Capital
Benefits

Access and Credit programme

NGO
Control WMA
Operation &
Profile maintenance of
WRS
Training
NGO
WMA
Canal excavation
as income source,
Pre-harvesting
activities such seed
preparation,
irrigation,
Harvesting
activities such as
day labor,
PHA such as
processing of crop
 Improved well being

Drinking
water

Food

Nutrition

Money

Health
Access
and Sanitation

Control Decision making

Profile Improved
Status
Awareness
Voice
Mobility
Opportunit
y

Knowledge

Training of
WMA
 Influencing Factors of a WR Project
Opportunity

Constraints
 Types of Control Area Implemented Area
Needs

Practical
Gender
Needs

Project
Cycle
Analysis
 Strategic
Gender
Needs

Project Cycle
Analysis
 Rating Scale for Gender Equality
Scale Criteria

Significant

Encouraging

Modest

Weak