Computer Applications

Halabja Technical Agriculture College

First stage
2013-2014

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? What is computer
A computer is a
programmable machine that
receives input, stores and
manipulates data, and
provides output in a useful
.format

Y. H. Rashid
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 Computer

Hardware Software

Input Memory Out put CPU Operating Application

system program

Primary Windows Microsoft

Mouse Monitor Central word
Memory DOS
Keyboard Printer Processing Excel
Secondary Unix
scanner Speaker Unit Photoshop
Memory Linux

Floppy disk drive, Hard disk drive ALU

Optical disk drive, Flash memory Control unit

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Y. H. Rashid
Computer part
 Hardware
The term hardware covers
all of those parts of a
computer that are tangible
objects. Circuits, displays,
power supplies, cables,
keyboards, printers and
mice are all hardware.

Y. H. Rashid
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Computer Hardware
Input Unit: Input is the means by which a
computer receive information from the outside world.
Such as: mouse, keyboard, image scanner, … and
microphone.

Y. H. Rashid
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Computer Hardware
Output Unit : Output is the means by which a
computer send information to the outside world.
Such as : Monitor, Printer, … and Loudspeaker.

Y. H. Rashid
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Computer Hardware
Primary memory Unit : (or main memory or
internal memory), is the only one directly accessible
to the CPU. The CPU continuously reads instructions
stored there and executes them as required.
RAM (Random Access Memory )

ROM (Read Only Memory)

Y. H. Rashid
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Computer Hardware
Secondary Memory Unit : (also known as
external memory or auxiliary storage), differs from
primary memory in that it is not directly accessible by
the CPU. The computer usually uses its input/output
channels to access secondary memory and transfers the
desired data using intermediate area in primary
storage. Such as Floppy disk drive, Hard disk drive,
Optical disk drive, Flash memory

Y. H. Rashid
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Computer Hardware
CPU (Central Processing Unit): The part of
the computer that handles all processes and
instructions supplied by memory unit (RAM), it’s
two part:

Arithmetic/logic unit (ALU)

Control unit

Y. H. Rashid
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Computer
These devices (Floppy disk drive, Hard disk drive,
Optical disk drive _CD/DVD_, Flash memory) same
time used as:
Input
Secondary memory
Output

Y. H. Rashid
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 Computer Software
&
memory measurement
 Computer Software
 Software
Software refers to parts of the computer which do
not have a material form, such as programs, data,
protocols, etc. When software is stored in hardware
that cannot easily be modified.

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Y. H. Rashid
 Computer Software
Operating system : An operating system (OS) is
software, consisting of programs and data, that runs
on computers and manages the computer hardware
and provides common services for efficient
execution of various application software. Such as :
Windows, DOS, Unix, … and Linux

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Y. H. Rashid
 Computer Software
Application program : Application software,
also known as an application, is computer software
designed to help the user to perform singular or
multiple related specific tasks : Microsoft office
(word, Excel,…), Photoshop, … and media player

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Y. H. Rashid
 Computer Software
Computer
Software

Operating Application
System Program

MS MS
MS DOS
Windows7 Word

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Y. H. Rashid
 Memory unit measurement
Bit: A bit or binary digit is the (basic) smallest unit of
information on a machine. Is 0 or 1.

Byte: Abbreviation for binary term, a unit of storage

capable of holding a single character. On almost all
modern computers, a byte is equal to 8 bits.

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Y. H. Rashid
 Memory Unit Measurement
1 Byte = 8 Bit

1Kilobytes (Kbyte) = 210 byte = (1,024 bytes)

1Megabytes (Mbyte) = 220 byte = (1,048,576 bytes)

1Gigabytes (Gbyte) = 230 byte = (1,073,741,824 bytes).

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Y. H. Rashid
Any Question?