COMPUTER STUDIES FOR JSS BOOK 1 COMPUTER STUDIES FOR JSS BOOK 1

PREFACE
The World is now in the information age and most economic and
financial systems are based on computers, computer networks or
dependent on digital based technology. However, in Nigeria, because of
our peculiar social and economic situation, we are yet to fully imbibe compute
this technology.

It is in our interest to ensure that our children are given a good

foundation in this all-important subject that has become a basic
economic tool. To do this effectively requires not only the availability of
r studies
good teachers, but also a good textbook on the subject.
For

These books are intended to serve as an introductory text and resource Junior Secondary Schools
material in Junior Secondary Education to provide the required
foundation. BOOK

1
These books “Computer Studies for Junior Secondary Schools “Books 1
– 3” are targeted at Junior Secondary Schools and written in line with
the Federal Ministry of Education National Curriculum for JSS 1 – 3 on
Computer Studies as released by the Nigerian Educational Research and
Development Council (NERDC).

The textbooks have been specifically written for Nigerian Schools to

enhance the teaching and learning of computer studies and also to
encourage the children to find out more about the computer and develop DOYIN TALABI
themselves. Appropriate language is used for each book to reflect the
target audience and the contents structured to include theory, exercises
and hands on practical sessions.
DATAKLINIK ASSOCIATES NIG. LTD.

Talabi, A. Adedoyin
B.Sc. Hons. Computer Science and Economics, MBA, CISA, ACFE,
MITD, MNCS
Member, Council of Registered Computer Professionals of Nigeria

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 COMPUTER STUDIES FOR JSS BOOK 1 COMPUTER STUDIES FOR JSS BOOK 1

Copyright ©2008 - 2017 Dataklinik Associates Nigeria Limited
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may reproduced, stored
in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without
the prior permission of the copyright owner.
First Published 2008
Second Edition 2012
Third Edition 2017
ISBN 978-978-48177-6-9
FOREWORD
In Africa as in many other continents (and countries) in the world, Computer
Systems have evolved as a 'new' technology invention with perhaps the most
powerful impact on virtually every facet of human activities. Thus for Nigeria, as
in almost every other African country, there no longer exists any question that the
computer will increasingly pervade our everyday lives. It is pertinent to note that
the computer systems in Nigeria have ceased to be the exclusive preserve of large
multinational companies, large government establishment and the few first
generation Nigerian Universities. They now find common applications in virtually
every government establishment (from office applications, to hospitals and
communications), all levels of our educational system, as well as in commerce
and industry where they are changing the terrain of production and distribution of
products. Computers are even moving into homes, in domestic appliances,
leisure-games, toys, etc while more and more Nigerians have their own personal
computers. It can be safely predicted that the twenty-first century will see
developing countries, like industrialized countries, depend more on the computer.
With such pervasive social economic influence on society by the computer, it is
therefore important that nationals be given sufficient knowledge to be able to
meaningfully enhance their productivity through the use of computers. This
conviction is predicated on the following:

* Informatics (i.e. the science of computing) should be recognized as a basic

science in its own right.
* Computing should be recognized as a basic skill, just like reading and writing.
Published by * Computer should be recognized as a national resource, just like electricity, oil,
etc.
DATAKLINIKASSOCIATES NIGERIALIMITED
Block 3, House 6B, Howson Wright In the light of the foregoing, there must be concerted effort to promote computing
at every level of Nigeria's educational systems: basic, secondary, and tertiary
Estate, Olusosun Oregun-Lagos. levels. Students regardless of age, must be given more computing power
P. O. Box 6674, Shomolu Post Office preferably from the basic education level, with the opportunity of correcting any
Lagos Tel: 0803-360-1054, 0805-917- mistakes in the secondary school level, rather than at the secondary school level,
9774 with very slim chances of rectifying mistakes. Computer education at the basic
doyin.talabi@gmail.com, info@dtkassociates.com education level is vital and there is a compelling need to equip the nation's youths
better to be able to face the challenges of living in the twenty-first century.
Websites:www.dtkassociates.com, www.tutorialclick.com
It is in this respect that the contribution of this series of books becomes not only
timely but also most invaluable resource materials for use in our Junior Secondary
Schools. The series clearly constitutes a worthy contribution to the technological
aspiration of this nation.

Rt. Revd. (Professor) Adebayo D. Akinde, PhD, FNCS.

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COMPUTER STUDIES FOR JSS BOOK 1 COMPUTER STUDIES FOR JSS BOOK 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE - Historical Development of Computers 1
Finger Counting 1
The Abacus 2
Slide Rule 5
Electro Mechanical Counting Devices 5
Napier's bones 5
Logarithms 7
Early Calculators 7
Electronic Counting Devices 8
The Punched Card Era 10
Developments in Automatic Data Processing 13
The Difference Engine 13
The Mark I Computer 14
The ENIAC 15
The EDVAC 17
The UNIVAC 17
Computer Generations 18
Heroes of Computing 22
Prof Olu Longe 23
Phillip Emeagwali 26
Prof. Mrs Osofisan 25
Chapter Summary 26
Review Questions 26

CHAPTER TWO - Data Processing 27

Definition of Data 27
Sources of Data 27
Classification of Data 27
Data Processing 28
Data Processing Cycle 28
Purposes of Data Processing 30
Ways of Processing Data 30
Importance of the Computer as a Tool for Data Processing 32
Chapter Summary 33
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CHAPTER SIX - Microsoft WORD 56

Review Questions 34 Major Features available in Microsoft WORD 56
Starting WORD 57
CHAPTER THREE - Computer Ethics 35 The Microsoft WORD Window & Menu 57
Computer Room Management Ethics 35 Working with Documents 61
Reasons to Care for the Computer 35 Create a Document 61
Computer System Environment 36 Saving a Document 63
Security Controls in a Computer Environment 37 Open an Existing Document 65
Computer Laboratory Rules and Regulations 37 Exiting Microsoft WORD 65
Chapter Summary 38 Formatting Text 67
Review Questions 39 Typing & Inserting Text 67
Selecting Text 67
CHAPTER FOUR - Applications of IT in Everyday Life 40 Inserting Additional Text 68
Definition of IT 40 Deleting Blocks of Text 68
Uses of IT 40 Change Font Typeface & Size 69
Benefits of IT 40 Change Text Colour 70
Negative Consequences of IT 41 Create Links 70
IT Applications in Daily Life 41 Bullets & Numbering 71
GSM Phones and SMS 41 Undo & Redo 72
Chat 42 Add Page Numbers 73
IT in Homes and Family Life 44 Adding Tables 76
IT and Government 44 Spelling & Grammar 77
IT in Banking & Finance 46 Preview & Print Documents 81
IT and Offices 47 Keyboard Shortcuts in MS WORD 82
IT in Education 48 Chapter Summary 82
IT and Globalization 49 Review Questions 83
Chapter Summary 49
Review Questions 50 APPENDICES
Appendix A - Glossary of Terms 85
CHAPTER FIVE – Information Transmission 51 Appendix B – Supplementary Questions 86
Definition of Information Transmission 51 Appendix C – Bibliography 88
Ancient Methods of Information Transmission 51
Modern Methods of Information Transmission 52 WORKBOOK 89
Modes of Receiving Information 52
Chapter Summary 53
Review Questions 53
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Making calculations on the abacus is a manual operation. Beads are CHAPTER ONE
moved from left to right to represent values. To represent the number
436, for example six beads in row A (the unit's position), three beads in HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTERS
row B (the ten's position), and four beads in row C (the hundred
position) are moved. EARLY COUNTING DEVICES
Addition, the most common arithmetic function performed, is Finger Counting
accomplished by successively adding values, represented by beads, in
the different rows. Man always has been challenged by mathematics and the need to solve
mathematical problems. To most people, however, the job of solving a
The abacus was used mostly for addition and subtraction, but many formula is both boring and time-consuming. For this reason, attempts
people achieved competence in using it for multiplication and division have been made from the very beginning to make calculating less tedious
as well. and much faster.
In multiplication, successive additions of a value are made. To multiply
5x 3, for example, either 3 is added of itself five times (3+3+3+3) or 5 Until the nineteenth century, most business calculations were performed
is added to itself three times (5+5+5). In either case, the product of 15 is mentally. Roman schools taught finger counting and actually devised
obtained. various methods of doing such advanced operations as multiplications
Division is executed by successively subtracting the divisor from the and division on the fingers.
divided until the remainder is equal to zero or is less that divisor. The
number of subtractions determines the quotient. It we wish to divide 15 The Roman student was only required to learn the multiplication table up
by 3, for example, we: to 5 x 5. To figure out the product of any numbers between 5 and 10, he
used his fingers. Suppose, for example, he wished to multiply 7 x 9. To
(1) 15 – 3 = 12 1) find the product, he would raise two fingers on one hand to represent the
(2) 12 – 3 = 9 1) numbers over 5 (that is, 7 - 5) plus four fingers on the other hand (9 – 5)
(3) 9–3=6 1) Number of subtractions (Figure 1-1). He obtained the product as follows.
(4) 6 -3=3 1)
(5) 3-3=0 1) 1. Add the number of fingers raised,
2 +4 = 6 (the value of ten”s positions
2. Multiply the number of fingers not raised in each hand.
5 quotient 3. 3 x 1 =3 (the value of the unit's
position) Therefore: 7 x 9 = 63

The origin of the abacus is not clear but its earliest home is believed to Fig. 1- 1 Finger Counting
have been Babylon or Egypt.
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