Chapter 2:

VARIATI
LessonONS
1: DIRECT AND INVERSE
VARIATIONS
Objectives
: he learners will be able to:
T
1. define direct variations and inverse variations.
2. illustrates situations that involve direct and
inverse variations;
3. translate into direct or inverse variation statement
a relationship between two quantities given: (a) table
of values; (b) mathematical equation; (c) graph and
vice versa; and
4. solve problems involving direct variation and
inverse variation.
TERMS:
CONSTANT is a quantity whose value does
not change.
VARIABLE is a quantity whose value is
changing. It stands in place of any one of a
set of constants and is usually represented
by a literal symbol.
 RELATED QUANTITIES
Which of the following quantities are related?

Speed of the
Number of car and the
spent hours on distance
media and number Hard traveled
of friendssocial work and
success
 DIRECT VARIATION
-It is a relationship
between two entities
such that when the value
of one entity increases
the value of the other
entity also increases. Define direct variation.
DIRECT VARIATION
For 𝑥 and 𝑦 and constant
𝑦
𝑘, if the ratio equals 𝑘,
𝑥
then 𝑦 is directly
proportional to 𝑥, or 𝑦
varies directly as 𝑥. In
symbol,
𝒚 = 𝒌𝒙
where 𝑘 is the constant of
variation.
Write the symbol and equation for each
statement.
a. “𝐶 varies directly as 𝑑”.
b. “𝐴 varies directly as 𝑆.”
c. “The area 𝐴 of a circle varies directly as
the square of the radius 𝑟.”
translate into direct variation statement a relationship between two quantities given: mathematical
equation;
 a. “𝐶 varies directly as 𝑑”.
 Symbol: 𝐶 ∝ 𝑑
 Equation: 𝐶 = 𝑘𝑑
b. “𝐴 varies directly as 𝑆”.
 Symbol: 𝐴 ∝ 𝑆
 Equation: 𝐴 = 𝑘𝑆
translate into direct variation statement a relationship between two quantities given: mathematical
equation;
 c. “The area 𝐴 of a
circle varies directly as
the square of the
radius 𝑟.”
 Symbol: 𝐴 ∝ 𝑟 2
 Equation: 𝐴 = 𝑘𝑟 2
translate into direct variation statement a relationship between two quantities given: mathematical
equation;
Given the table of values below, determine
whether y varies directly as x or not. If so, find the
constant of variation.
a. x 2 3 5
y 4 6 10

translate into direct variation statement a relationship between two quantities given: table of
values;
 x 2 3 5 𝑦
Since = 𝑘
y 4 6 10 𝑥

4 6 10
⇒ = 2, = 2, =2
2 3 5
Then the common ratio is equal to
2. Thus, y varies directly as x.
translate into direct variation statement a relationship between two quantities given: table of
values;
 x 10 15 25 𝑦
Since = 𝑘
y 2 3 5 𝑥

1 3 1 5 1
2
⇒ 10 = , = , =
5 15 5 25 5

Then the common ratio is equal to

5
1
.
Thus, y varies directly as
x.translate
values;
into direct variation statement a relationship between two quantities given: table of
 x 12 20 28 𝑦
Since = 𝑘
y 4 5 7 𝑥

1 5 1 7 1
4
⇒ 12 = , = , =
3 20 4 28 4
Then there is no common ratio. Thus,
y does not vary directly as x.
translate into direct variation statement a relationship between two quantities given: table of
values;
Determine whether each of
the following graphs shows a
direct variation.
translate into direct variation statement a relationship between two quantities given: graph and vice versa;
a. x -2 -1 1

∙ y -4 -2 2

∙ The graph
∙ shows a
direct
variation.
translate into direct variation statement a relationship between two quantities given: graph and vice versa;
b.
x -2 -1 1

y -5 -3 1
∙
The graph
∙ does not show
∙ a direct
variation.
translate into direct variation statement a relationship between two quantities given: graph and vice versa;
 Solve problems involving direct variation.

Solve each problem.

a. Find the constant of variation and the equation of
variation in which 𝑦 varies directly as 𝑥, and 𝑦
is 51 when 𝑥 = 3.
b. If 𝑦 varies directly as 𝑥, and 𝑦 is 15 when 𝑥 =
3, find 𝑦 if 𝑥 = 5.
c. If ℎ varies directly as 𝑙, and ℎ is 24 when 𝑙 = 6,
find ℎ when 𝑙 = 15.
 Solve problems involving direct variation.

Solve each problem.

a.The force required to stretch a spring is
directly proportional to its elongation. If a 24
pound of force stretches the spring 3 inches
long, what force is required to stretch the
spring 6 inches long?
 Solve problems involving direct variation.

b. The velocity of a falling body

varies directly as the time of
flight. Ifof the
velocity thefalling body at the end of
2 seconds is 64.4 ft/s, find the velocity at
the end of 5 seconds.
 INVERSE VARIATION
If two variables are so related such
that as one variable increases, the
other variable decreases
proportionally, the relationship is
called inverse proportion or inverse
variation.
 INVERSE VARIATION
For variables 𝑥 and 𝑦 and
constant k, if 𝑥𝑦 is equal to 𝑘,
then 𝑦 is inversely
proportional to 𝑥, or 𝑦 varies
inversely as 𝑥. In symbols,
𝒌
𝒚=
𝒙
where 𝑘 is the constant of
variation.
 illustrates situations that involve direct and
inverse variations

Determine whether the relation between the quantities

involved is direct or inverse variation.
a. The number of workers and the time required to finish
an amount of work. - inverse variation
b. The quality of the goods and the price of these goods.
- direct variation

c. The height of a person and his weight. - direct variation

Write the symbol and equation for each
statement.
a. “𝑁 varies inversely as 𝑀.”
b. “𝐷 is inversely proportional to as 𝑓”.
c. “𝑟 varies inversely as the cube of 𝑡.”
translate into inverse variation statement a relationship between two quantities given: mathematical equation;
a. “𝑁 varies inversely as 𝑀.”
1
SYMBOL: 𝑁 ∝ 𝑀 EQUATION: 𝑁 = 𝑀
𝑘

b. “𝐷 is inversely proportional to as 𝑓”.

1 𝑘
SYMBOL: 𝐷 ∝ 𝑓 EQUATION: 𝐷 = 𝑓
c. “𝑟 varies inversely as the cube of 𝑡.”
1
SYMBOL: 𝑟 ∝ EQUATION: 𝑟 = 𝑘
𝑡3 𝑡3
translate into inverse variation statement a relationship between two quantities given: mathematical equation;
Given the table of values below,
determine whether y varies
directly as x or not. If so, find the
constant of variation.
translate into inverse variation statement a relationship between two quantities given: table of values;
a.
x 4 5 6
y 90° 72° 60° Since 𝑦 𝑥 = 𝑘

90 4 = 360 Then y
72 5 = 360 varies
60 6 = 360 inversely as
x. two quantities given: table of values;
translate into inverse variation statement a relationship between
b.
x 2 4 5
Since 𝑦 𝑥 = 𝑘
y 1 0.5 0.4
1 2 =2 Then y
0.5 4 = 2 varies
0.4 5 = 2 inversely as
x. two quantities given: table of values;
translate into inverse variation statement a relationship between
c.
x 1 2 3
y 2 4 6 Since 𝑦 𝑥 = 𝑘

2 1 =2 Then y does
4 2 =8 not vary
6 3 = 18 inversely as
x.between two quantities given: table of values;
translate into inverse variation statement a relationship
 Find the constant (k) of
a.variation.
If y is inversely proportional to x,
and y = 12 when x = 2, find the
constant of variation.
b. If m varies inversely as n, and m =
21 when n = 9, find the constant of
variation. Solve problems involving inverse variation.
 Solve problems involving inverse variation.

Solve the following:

a. If y varies inversely as x, and y =
48 when x =10, find y when x =32.
b. If c is inversely proportional to d,
and c = 30 when d =9, find d when c
 Solve problems involving inverse variation.

Solve the given problem below.

Boyle’s Law states that under constant
temperature, the volume V of gas varies
inversely as its pressure P. If a gas has a
volume of 106 cubic inches when the pressure
is 14.7 psi (pounds per square inch), find the
volume when the pressure is 15.3 psi.