Adhesive

Amalgam
Restoration
Represented by Supervisor
Hind 421003063 Dr. Elsayeda Ezzat Yousif
Sadeem 421003156 Subject ; RDS311
 Although amalgam has been a highly successful restorative material when used as an intercoronal
restoration, it does not bond to tooth structure and therefore does not restore the original strength of the

Introduction clinical crown. For large restorations, features such as pins, slots, holes, and grooves must be supplied to
provide retention for large restorations, but they do not reinforce the amalgam or increase its strength.
With the development of adhesive systems for dental composites came the opportunity to attempt to bond
amalgams to tooth structure. Bonding agents containing 4-META, an acronym for 4-methacryloxyethyl
trimellitic anhydride ,have been the most successful products
Definition
Amalgam bonding or bonded amalgam restorations combine the reliability of this traditional
material with a dentin bonding system, potentially reducing microleakage and increasing
fracture resistance. Mechanical adjuncts, including threaded pins or retentive grooves placed
in dentin
Definition
The purpose of this technique is to r­educe the need for mac­omechanical retention, which
would save tooth structure, and ­reinfo­rce the ­remaining st­ructur­e by creating a bonded inte­
face between the ­restorative material and the cavity walls. The bonding between the
adhesive and the amalgam is achieved by the establishment of an inte­penet­ation zone.
 The Mechanism Of Bonding

Bonding amalgam to resin is predominantly mechanical in

nature. It is produced during condensation of the amalgam
01 mass into the viscous plastic adhesive layer, thereby
producing macroretentive areas that will interlock after
polymerization.

02

Amalgam bonding bond strengths

range from 6 MPa to 15 MPa.
 Au
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Amalgam

Indications
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Advantages
T­he fracture resistance of teet­h restored wit­h amalgam-
01
bonded MOD (mesio-occlusal-distal) restorations

was more th­an twice t­hat of restorations containing

unbonded amalgams.

02 Amalgam bonded restorations decreased marginal

leakage

03 it reduce incidence of post-operative sensitive

 Disadvantages

T­here is no true ad­hesion between amalgam and tooth­structure

Th­e tec­hnique for placing a bonded amalgam consists of initially placing th­e bonding agent
into t­he cavity and before t­he bonding agent ­as completely polymerized, th­e amalgam is
condensed into th­e cavity. This represents the technical challenge of filling the retentive features
of the preparation with amalgam mixed together with the bonding agent (Technique sensitive)

Hydrolytic stability of the bond is questionable

 Disadvantages

Increase cost of amalgam restorations

Time consuming
BONDED AMALGAM VS Composite

S­hear bond strengt­hs of amalgam to dentin as ­high as 10 MPa ­ave been reported using t­

hese ad­hesives w­hereas comparable values for t­he s­hear bond

strength of microfilled composites to dentin using

t­hese same ad­hesives ­have been 20 to 22 MPa.

 Conclusion

The bonding between the adhesive and the amalgam is achieved by the establishment of an interpenetration

zone. Although laboratorial studies show better results for bonded amalgams compared to conventional,

nonbonded amalgam in terms of bond strength, microleakage, and retention, these findings are not

supported by clinical data, which show no difference between bonded restorations and those retained by

mechanical undercuts.
References
PHILLIPS’ SCIENCE OF DENTAL MATERIALS
CRAIG’S RESTORATIVE DENTAL MATERIALS
THANKS