WATER

Presented to:
Dr.Adeel
Presented by:
Mehak Javed (FST-2022-21)
Ashba Mariyum(FST-2022-4)
Arooba Azmat(FST-2022-15)
Zarmeen Fatima(FST-222-13)
Introduction
 Purpose of life
 Abundance
(70% available but 3% fresh
water out of which 1% can be
utilized)
 Drinkable or Non- drinkable
 Water in Food Industry
• In an industrial beef production system, it takes around three years
before the animal is slaughtered to produce about 200 kg of beef.
• The animal consumes nearly 1,300 kg of grains and 7,200 kg of
roughages, drinks 24 m3 of water and requires around 7 m3 of water for
servicing
• This means that to produce one kilogram of boneless beef, it is used
about 6.5 kg of grain, 36 kg of roughages, and 155 litres of water (only
for drinking and servicing)
• Producing the volume of feed requires about 15,300 litres of water on
average. The water footprint of 1 kg of beef thus adds up to 15,500 liters
of water, in estimation.
 Water And Agriculture
• Agriculture consumes more water than any other source and wastes
much of that through inefficiencies. It is estimated that between 70 and
85% of the water footprint caused by human activities is associated
with agricultural activity.
 Major Water Reservoir
Pakistan has 2 major water reservoir
• Tarbela dam
water storage= 14.3 billion cubic metre .
• Mangla dam
water storage=10.8 billion cubic metre.
• Due to sediment deposition both reservoir have lost between 32 and
20% of their storage capacity.
 Water capacity
• Pakistan has a per capita water capacity of only 150m3, which is very
less considering that the U.S and Australia have a storage capacity of
above 5,000m3 andChina has 2,200m3
• Pakistan has a storage capacity for only 30 days in a year, Egypt has a
storage capacity of 700 days, the US for 900 days and India 120-220
days.
 Graphical presentation of water availability
• Average requirement = 1800m3
 Total Water in Pakistan
• Total Water in Pakistan = 144MAF(46940000 Gallons)
• During independence Pakistan had 5600m3/year. Now 1017m3/year
which is much less than the required quantity.
• Total amount required = 1700m3/year.
.
Hydroponics
• Plants in water than soil
• Versatile technique
• Rapid and stronger yields with superior quality
Principle:
• Works on principle of the natural ability of plants to take nutrients via
their roots and convert them into the required energy through the
process of photosynthesis.
• Better than traditional irrigation methods
•
• Apart from controlling the nutrients, temperature, and pH of the
. plants, you can also control what your plants should receive, when,
and for how long.
• plants do not require the use of pesticides, which also results in
healthy and high-quality fruits or products.
TYPES
• Deep Water Culture System
• Nutrient film technique systems
.

• Wick System
•. Ebb and flow systems
Water resources of kpk
• Indus rivers and its tributaries which utilizes two third of 10.82 billion cubic
mete
Cultivated area of kpk
1.65 million hectare
Total water allocated to kpk
8.78MAF
Anual water utilized
5.97MAF
Irrigation
5.37MAF
.
.Domestic and industrial purpose
O.6 %
 Kpk's annual surplus downstream kotri barrage
2.81MAF
National surplus dumped into arabian sea
29MAF
Surface water is used for irrigation
30% of groundwater is also used in agriculture
Surfaces water potential 3.99MAF and ground water is 0.177 MAF
 Balochistan
The crop water requirements for wheat, sugarcane, cotton, rice and
maize were determined through empirical methods. The average
water requirements for these crops came out to be 317, 1415, 631,
960 and 354 mm, respectively.
Water is in Balochistan
27,200 million m3An estimated 27,200 million m3 annual water
resources are present in Balochistan, in which 26,130 million m3 are
surface water resources comprising 96% of total water resources in
the province. The remaining 1070 million m3 is groundwater.
.Water for irrigation
• Balochistan at an average of has only 556m³ ha/year of water for
irrigation conpared to the national average of 2453m³/ha/year
Contaminated water in quetta
• In Quetta, the capital of Balochistan, 76% samples were unsafe,
mainly due to bacteriological contaminants (68%), excessive iron
(26%), fluoride and nitrate (24%). Only 8 sources out of 34 were
supplying safe drinking water in Quetta.
Fruit basket of Pakistan
• Balochistan is called the fruit-basket of the country, producing 90 per
cent of all grapes, cherries and almonds, 60 per cent of peaches,
pomegranates, apricots and 70 per cent of all dates produced in
Pakistan.
.
Water requirements of major crops in central
punjab

Punjab & Sindh:

• Wheat require 325 to 450mm water
• One kilo of Rice require 3000 to 5000 litres of water
• Barley require 320-420mm to 360-470mm of water
.
Evapotranspiration
• ET=I+S+R-D+SMS
• I:irrigation
• S:sub irrigation
• R:rainfall
• D:drainage
• SMS:soil moisture storage
Water table depth
• At 1.5 m sugarcane and cotton maximum yield
• At 2.25m wheat maximum yield
• At 1.5m depth the water productivity of crops are:
• Wheat=8-22%
• Cotton=27-30%
• Sugarcane=34-57%
.
Ways to conserve water
• Fix Leaks
• Install Water-Saving Fixtures
• Shorter Showers
• Turn Off Faucets
• Sweeping Instead of Hosing
• Mulch Your Garden
• Water Plants Wisely
• Reuse Water
• Harvest Kitchen Water
• Educate and Raise Awareness
• Sustainable Agriculture Practices
• Implement Water Recycling in Industries
• Develop Water Management Plans
Thanks