IDIOMATIC

EXPRESSIONS
Outline:
• Definition of Idiom
• Types of Idiom
1. Lexemic idiom
2. Phraselgical idiom
3. Proverbial idiom
What is Idiom?
An idiom is a phrase or expression that has a meaning different from the
literal interpretation of its individual words. Idiom are often used in
language to convey a spesific idea, sentiment, or cultural reference.
Why understanding idioms are difficult?
◦ Idiomatic expression cannot be translated word by word from its literal context
Example : Break a leg means to wish someone good luck

◦ Fixed phrases with spesific structure.

Types of Idiom
◦ Lexemic Idiom
The lexemic idioms are idioms which collate with the familiar part of speech (verbs,
nouns, adjective, and prepositions) and they are composed of more than one minimal free form
and each lexon of which can occur in other environments.
Types of Lexemic Idiom:
1. Phrasal verbs idiom; contains of two kinds of words
e.g. Take off means leave the ground
2. Tournure idioms; usually containining at least three words and are mostly verbs.
e.g. To build castle in the air means to make impossible plans.
3. irreversible Binomial idioms; consists of two words which are separated by the conjunction.
E.g. High and dry means without resources

4. Phrasal Compound idioms; contains primarily nominal made up of adjectives, plus noun,
noun plus noun, or adverb plus preposition.
e.g. Black mail means any payment forced by intimidation

5. Incorporoting verbs idioms; have four forms.

◦ Noun-verb : sight-see (visit the famous places in a city)
◦ Adjective-noun : blackmail
◦ Noun-noun :bootleg (made and sold illegally)
◦ Adjective-verb : whitewash (attempt to hide unpleasant facts about somebody/something
Phraseological idiom
A phraseological idiom, also known as a phrasal idiom or phraseological unit, is a specific type of idiom
in linguistics. It refers to a group of words or a fixed expression that has a meaning distinct from the
meanings of its individual words when considered separately.

Example :

• Bite the bullet

• Break a leg
Proverbial Idiom
Proverbial idiom, also known as a proverbial expression or proverb, is a type of idiomatic phrase that
imparts traditional wisdom or advice. Proverbial idioms are typically short and well-known sayings that
have been passed down through generations within a particular culture or language community. They
convey a general truth, moral lesson, or practical advice and are often used to offer guidance or make a
point.
Example :
• Actions speak louder than words.
• When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
• A penny saved is a penny earned.
• Don't count your chickens before they hatch.
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