Contributions of Isaac Newton

BY:UMER FAROOQ
Introduction

 Sir Isaac Newton PRS was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, theologian,
and author widely recognised as one of the greatest mathematicians and physicists of all
time and among the most influential scientists.
 His book Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of
Natural Philosophy), first published in 1687, established classical mechanics.
 Newton also made seminal contributions to optics, and shares credit with
German mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz for developing infinitesimal calculus.
 Early Life
 Isaac Newton (1642-1747)
 He was born in Lincolnshire in 1642
 Son of Robert Newton, an
independent Farmer .
Education
 His education was interrupted by a failed attempt
 He spent much of his time on
independent pursuits, and did to turn him into a farmer, and he attended the
poorly in school King's School in Grantham before enrolling at
 He was removed from school, the University of Cambridge's Trinity College in
where his mother, widowed by 1661.
now for a second time,
attempted to make a farmer of
him.
Contributions in Mathematics
 Newton's mathematical approach has become so
basic to all of physics that he is generally
regarded as the father of the clockwork universe:
the first, and perhaps the greatest, physicist.
 as a mathematician Newton contributed to the
study of power series, generalised the binomial
theorem to non-integer exponents, developed a
method for approximating the roots of a function,
and classified most of the cubic plane curves.
Contributions in Physics
 OPTICS: the first practical reflecting
telescope was built by Newton in 1668.[17]
Later on such prototype for a design came to
be called a Newtonian telescope or
Newton's reflector.
 GRAVITY:Isaac Newton is popularly
remembered as the man who saw an apple fall
from a tree, and was inspired to invent the
theory of gravity.
Laws of Motion

He formulated the three laws of motion:

• Every object in a state of uniform motion tends to remain in that state of motion unless an
external force is applied to it.
• The relationship between an object's mass m, its acceleration a, and the applied force F is F =
ma. Acceleration and force are vectors (as sometimes indicated by their symbols being
displayed in slant bold font); in this law, the direction of the force vector is the same as the
direction of the acceleration vector.
• For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Law of Gravitation

 Newton’s law of gravitation, statement that any particle of matter in the universe attracts
any other with a force varying directly as the product of the masses and inversely as the
square of the distance between them. In symbols, the magnitude of the attractive force F
is equal to G (the gravitational constant, a number the size of which depends on the
system of units used and which is a universal constant) multiplied by the product of the
masses (m1 and m2) and divided by the square of the distance R: F = G(m1m2)/R2.
Isaac Newton put forward the law in 1687 and used it to explain the observed motions of
the planets and their moons, which had been reduced to mathematical form by Johannes
Kepler early in the 17th century.