Monday, November 13, 2023

JIMMA UNIVERSITY
College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
School of Veterinary Medicine

Course:-Veterinary Operative surgery

Course Instructor:- Dr. Dese kefyalew (DVM, MSc and
assistant prof. of Veterinary Surgery and
Anesthesiology)
Prepared By :- Group 3Veterinary medicine students

JIMMA, ETHIOPIA
1 Prepared by group 5
 Monday, November 13, 2023

Group members name and ID

S.NO NAME ID
1 ABDI ABEBE RU1375/12

2 ADINAN MOHAMMEDNAJII RU1263/12

3 AFEWORK WONDIMU RU1987/12

4 AHMADIN KAWO RU1498/12

5 AMAN UMAR RU1494/12

6 AMISALU ASFAW RU2013/12

7 ANIMUT ADERAW RU0489/12

8 ATALEL ABEBAW RU0606/12

9 AYELE ASEFA RU1371/12

2 Prepared by group 3
TITLE:- OVARIOHYSTERECTOMY IN PETS
 Table of contents
1) Introduction
2) Ovariohysterectomy
3) Indications of ovariohysterectomy
4) Site of operation of ovariohysterectomy
5) Control and anesthesia of ovariohysterectomy
6) Surgical anatomy in ovariohysterectomy
7) Surgical procedures in ovariohysterectomy
8) Post operative cares following ovariohysterectomy
9) Special considerations in ovariohysterectomy
10) Post operative complications of ovariohysterectomy
11) Sources
 Introduction
 Ovariohysterectomy is a surgical removal of ovaries and
uterus.
 It is conducted to control over population of stray dogs and
contracting disease like, infection with Brucella canis,
rabies, toxoplasmosis and other parasites .
 All surgical patients should receive a preoperative
examination like
 withholding of feed,
Vaccination, and
infectious disease control.
 Once anaesthetized, the bitch is positioned in dorsal
decumbency with her front legs pulled forward and
tied to the table, and the back legs tied back.

 Post-operative managements are vital for ease

recovery.
 Ovariohysterectomy
 Ovariohysterectomy is the surgical removal of the
uterus and ovaries.

 It is commonly known as “spaying,”

 Spaying stops cancer, trauma, and infections of

the ovaries, uterus, and mammary glands.
 Females in heat will actively search out male dogs
and may attempt to escape from the house or yard,
fights with other animals, and contracting disease
like, infection with Brucella canis, rabies,
toxoplasmosis and other parasites which can cause
disease in animals and human beings.

 Ovariohysterectomy has both advantage and

disadvantages’.
 Advantages of ovariohysterectomy
 Decrease-
Pyometra and mammary neoplasia in bitches
Parturition related disorders including metritis,
mastitis and dystocia
 Hormone-associated disorders such as vaginal
prolapse in bitches
 Disadvantages of ovariohysterectomy
o Surgical and anesthetic complications,
o Obesity, and
o Urinary incontinence in bitches
 Indications
 Sterilization
 Helps in preventing zoonosis
 Ovarian disease
 Uterine disease
 Behavioral problems
 Population Control
 Mammary tumor prevention
 Site of operation
 The surgical procedure is usually performed
through a ventral midline on the abdomen, just
caudal to the umbilicus.

Fig.1
 Control and anesthesia

 General anesthesia.
 Control the animal in dorsal decumbency
 The incision is made in ventral midline on the
abdomen, just caudal to the umbilicus

Fig.2
 Surgical anatomy
Ovaries lie close to the caudal pole of the
corresponding kidney and half way between last
rib and the crest of the ileum.
The ovary is attached to cranial end of the uterine
horn by ovarian ligament .
Ovaries receive the blood supply through
ovarian artery and vein.
The uterus has a very short body and extremely
long narrow horns
 The genital apparatus of the bitch and queen is
primarily located in the abdominal cavity, with the
exception of the vagina, which lies in the pelvis.

Fig.3 Fig.4
 Surgical procedure
 A ventral midline incision is commonly made on the
underside of the dog or cat abdomen just caudal to the
umbilicus.

 The incision length will depend on the size of the

dog or cat.

 The incision is made through the skin, underlying

tissues, linea alba, external rectus fascia, and
peritoneum.
 Surgical procedure
 Exposure and isolation of reproductive organs:
 Identify and gently pull out the uterus, which includes
the uterine body and uterine horns.

 Ligations or clamps may be placed on the blood

vessels leading to each ovary and the ovarian
ligament to control bleeding.
 Surgical procedure
 Carefully cut the blood vessels supplying the ovaries
and uterus.
 Each ovary is removed by transecting the ovarian
pedicle, which connects the ovary to the body wall.
 Then, transect or ligate the uterine body and uterine
horns close to the cervix.
 Removing both ovaries and the uterus ensures the
animal is spayed and no longer capable of
reproduction.
Surgical procedure
Surgical procedure
Closure of abdominal layer

The abdominal wall is

closed using cross-matters
interrupted sutures with
synthetic absorbable sutures
with 2/0 to 3/0 size

This layer is essential for

providing strength and
support to the incision site.
Subcutaneous layer closure
The subcutaneous layer, which
includes deeper tissue layers such as
the fascia and adipose tissue, may be
closed separately.
Closure of the subcutaneous layer
provides additional support and
promotes healing.
Absorbable sutures, such as
polyglactin 910 (Vicryl) or catgut,
are commonly used for closing the
subcutaneous layer.
Skin Layer closure

After the closure of the

subcutaneous layer, the skin
layer is sutured together.

Non-absorbable sutures,
such as polyamide, or
polypropylene, or silk, are
commonly used for skin
closure.
Suture patterns commonly
used for skin closure include
simple interrupted, vertical
mattress, or intradermal
sutures.
Post operative care

Antiseptic dressing

Antibiotic therapy for at

least 5 days.

IV fluid therapy
injection of Vitamin K
corticosteroids.

The dog should not be

fastened with rope for 7
to 14 days after surgery,
 Outdoor dogs should be
kept inside for two weeks.

The incision should be

checked daily for any
signs of swelling, redness,
or heat.
If the dog tries to lick the
incision, an Elizabethan
collar can be used to
prevent the behavioral
change

The sutures are removed

after 10 days.
 Special considerations
 Special considerations are given to post-operative
care.
 The dog or cat is monitored closely during recovery
for any signs of complications, such as excessive
bleeding, infection, or adverse reactions to
anesthesia or pain medications.
 Post operative complications

Seroma
formation
Urinary Urinary Surgical
due to Hemorrha
tract incontinen site
inadequat ge
infections ce infection
e closure
techniques
 Sources
 Mulat Asrat and Samrawit Melkamu. (2018). Review on Ovariohysterectomy: Surgical
approach, Post operative Complications and their Management in Bitches. Int. J. Adv.
Multidiscip. Res. 5(3): 20-28
 Madeena Begum M and Bhuvaneshwari V.2018, Single Suture Ovariohysterectomy - A
Novel Minimally Invasive Surgical Technique in Dogs and Cats. Int J Recent Sci Res.
9(12), pp. 30098-30099.
 P. W. Concannon and V. N. Meyers-Wallen, “Current and proposed methods for
contraception and termination of pregnancy in dogs and cats,” Journal of the American
Veterinary Medical Association, vol. 198, no. 7, pp. 1214–1225, 1991.
 A. Fontbonne, X. Levy, E. Fontaine, and C. Gilson, ´ Guide Pratique de Reproduction
Clinique Canine et f´eline, Editions Med’com, Paris, France, 2007.
 J. P. Mialot, Pathologie de la Reproduction chez les Carnivores domestiques, Editions du
Point Vet´ erinaire, Maisons Alfort, ´ France, 1984. [4] E. van Duijkeren, “Significance of
the vaginal bacterial flora in the bitch: a review,” Veterinary Record, vol. 131, no. 16, pp.
367– 369, 1992.