Leadership in

Nursing Management
SALLY SHANE ARROYO-ARAYATA RN,MANc, GuK
TOPIC OUTLINE
Week Topic
1 Class Orientation
2 Concept of Leadership and Management, Managerial and Leadership Roles
3 Planning
4 Organizing
5 Staffing
6 Directing
7 Controlling
8 Motivation
9 Midterm Examination
10 Academic Break
11 Seminar- Workshop
12 Communication
13 Collaboration and Coordination, and Decision Making
14 Supervision
15 Continuous Quality Improvement
16 Ethical and Moral Responsibility
17 Personal and Professional Responsibilities
18 Final Examination
 OBJECTIVES
• Upon completion of the sessions, the students will be
able to:
• Distinguish clearly the concept of management
and leadership in the nursing field.
• Describe the role and functions of managers
according to three levels of management.
• Briefly discuss the features of management
LEADERSHIP AND
MANAGEMENT
Effective managers usually possess good leadership skills.
However, effective leaders are not always in a management
position. ● Managers have formal positions of power and
authority. Leaders might have only the informal power afforded
them by their peers. ● One cannot be a leader without
followers.
“You cannot be a leader, and ask other
people to follow you, unless you know
how to follow, too.”.”

– Sam Rayburn, former speaker

of the House
About leadership and management

LEADERSHIP
Leadership is the ability to
inspire others to achieve a
desired outcome.
MANAGEMENT
Management is the process of
planning, organizing, directing, and
coordinating the work within an
organization.
 Comparison of Leadership and
Management
Leadership Management
Motto Do the right things Do things right
Challenge Change Continuity

Focus Purposes Structures and Procedures

Time Frame Future Present

Methods Strategies Schedules

Questions Why? Who? What? When? Where?

How?
Outcomes Journeys Destination

Human Potential Performance

NURSING MANAGEMENT
Managing client care requires leadership, management skills,
and knowledge to effectively coordinate and carry out client care. To
effectively manage client care, a nurse must develop knowledge and
skills in several areas, including leadership, management, critical
thinking, clinical reasoning, clinical judgment, prioritization, time
management, assigning, delegating, supervising, staff education, quality
improvement, performance appraisal, peer review, disciplinary action,
conflict resolution, and cost-effective care.
Levels of Management
Top level management
Middle level management
First level management
 Early Leadership Theories
1. Great Man Theory  Aristotle
 The Great Man Theory suggests that leaders are born, not made, and they possess
innate qualities or traits that set them apart from others. This theory focused on
identifying these exceptional individuals.
2. Charismatic Theory  Inspires others by obtaining emotional commitment from followers and by
arousing strong feeling and loyalty
 Trust the leader's belief, have similar belief

3. Trait Theory  Lewin and White

 Authoritarian leader, democratic leadership, laissez faire

4. Situational Theory  Hersey and Blanchard

 Suggest that the traits required of a leader differ according to varying situations.

5. Contingency Theory  Fred Fiedler

 This theory posits that various factors, including the characteristics of leaders,
followers, and the environment, influence the most suitable leadership style or
approach

6. Path Goal Theory  Robert House

 This theory is rooted in the idea that effective leaders can improve their followers'
motivation, satisfaction, and performance by clarifying the path to achieve their
goals and removing any obstacles along the way.
 Leadership Theories
6 Situational Leadership Theory  Paul Hersey and Kenneth Blanchard
 leaders should use a style that is appropriate for the specific
situation and the developmental level of their followers.

7. Integrative Leadership Model  leadership approach that combines various leadership styles,
theories, and practices to address the complexities and challenges
of modern organizations.
Management Theories
1. Scientific Management
2.Bureaucratic Organizations
3. Management Functions
4. Activities of Management
5. Participative Management
 Frederick W. Taylor
 This theory sought to increase productivity, efficiency, and effectiveness in
organizations by applying scientific principles to management and work
processes.
 Scientific management is based on the idea that tasks can be optimized
through systematic analysis and the application of standardized procedures.
 Max Weber
 A model of organizational structure that places a strong emphasis on
rationality, efficiency, and control.
 "Five Functions of Management.“
 Planning, Organizing, Commanding (Leading), Coordinating,
Controlling
 Luther Gulick
 Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Coordinating, Reporting,
and Budgeting
 Mary Parker Follett
 Emphasizes the involvement of employees and other stakeholders in
decision-making and problem-solving processes
Management Theories
6. Hawthorne effect  Elton Mayo
 A psychological phenomenon in which individuals modify their
behavior or performance when they are aware of being observed.
7. Theory X and Theory Y  Douglas McGregor
 Theory X assumes that the average employee inherently dislikes work,
prefers to avoid responsibility, has little ambition, and primarily seeks
job security. It suggests that most employees need to be closely
monitored and controlled to ensure they meet organizational
objectives.
 Theory Y, in contrast, assumes that work is as natural as play or rest
for the average person. It posits that employees are inherently
creative, enjoy responsibility, and have a strong desire to achieve their
potential. Theory Y suggests that employees can be self-motivated,
highly committed, and capable of self-direction.
8. Employee Participation  Chris Argyris
 Emphasized the importance of employee participation as a means of
promoting a more engaged and empowered workforce.
CONTEMPORARY THEORIES
Relational Leadership Theories- relationship that occurs between the leader and the member

QUANTUM LEADERSHIP  Looks the system, the process, and the relationships between workers and
tasks to determine efficiency and job performance.

TRANSFORMATIONAL  James MacGregor Burns

LEADERSHIP  focuses on inspiring and motivating followers to achieve exceptional
performance and personal growth.
 suggests that effective leaders have the ability to create a shared vision,
foster an environment of trust and commitment, and encourage followers to
transcend their self-interests for the greater good of the organization or
society.

Transactional Leadership  Focuses on maintaining order and structure within an organization through a
system of rewards and punishments

CONNECTIVE  Lipman-Blumen
LEADERSHIP  Identify and foster the strengths of team members by including them in the
process of change in the organization
4. COMPLEXITY  Uhl-Bien, Marion, Mckelveys
LEADERSHIP  A dynamic, emergent, and interactive process when applied to nurse
management.
 Adaptive, enabling and administrative leadership
CONTEMPORARY THEORIES
Attribution Leadership Theories- attributions or judgments that followers make about a leader's
behavior and effectiveness. According to this theory, followers assess the causes of a leader's actions
and these attributions affect their perceptions of the leader

1. Authentic Leadership
 Holds firmly to their values, beliefs, principles and inspires the
followers.
 The determination and courage of the authentic leader in difficult
and challenging times create an environment that is predictable,
efficient and steadfast.

2. Servant Leadership  Robert Greenleaf

 prioritize the well-being and development of their followers and
serve their needs.
Qualities of a nurse Leader
1. Clinical Competence
2. Strong Communication Skills
3. Empathy and Compassion
4. Resilience
5. Teamwork
6. Problem-Solving Skills
7. Adaptability
8. Integrity and Ethics
9. Mentoring and Coaching
10. Inspirational Leadership
11. Time Management
12. Conflict Resolution
13. Advocacy:
14. Commitment to Quality Care
15. Continuous Learning
16. Cultural Competence
17. Patient-Centered Care
THANK YOU! 