Instrument Transformers

Switchgear and Switchboard Assemblies

Rated 1200A or Greater

Prepared by:
Franco O. Gotardo & Brixson S. Lajara
BSEE-4C
Instrument
Transformers
Instrument Transformers
• Instrument Transformers are a type of
transformer used in an AC system to
measure electrical quantities as voltage,
current, power, energy, power factor,
frequency. Instrument transformers are
also equipped with protective relays to
protect the power system.
Instrument Transformers
• Instrument transformers have the
basic function of reducing the AC
System voltage and current. The
current and voltage level of the power
system is relatively high. It is very
difficult and costly to design the
measuring instruments to measure
such high-level current and voltage.
Generally, measuring instruments are
designed for 110 V and 5 A
Instrument Transformers
• The measurement of such very large
electrical quantities can be made
possible by using the Instrument
transformers equipped with these
small rating measuring instruments.
Thus, these instrument transformers
are very well-known in modern power
systems.
Instrument Transformers
a) Perform an insulation resistance test.

b) Perform a ration and polarity test.

Switchgear and
Switchboard
Assemblies Rated
1200A or Greater
Switchgear and Switchboard
Assemblies Rated 1200A or
Greater

a) Perform a visual inspection. Torque all bolted

connections to manufacturer’s specified
values using a calibrated torque wrench.
b) Perform an insulation resistance test on each
bus section, phase-to-phase, and phase-to-
ground, and on control wiring. Minimum test
voltage and insulation resistance shall be as
shown in Table 1.
 Table 1 Minimum Test Voltage and Insulation Resistance

Minimum Insulation
Voltage Rating Minimum Test Voltage
Resistance

0-250V 500V DC 25 ohms

250-600V 1000V DC 100 ohms

601-5000V 2500V DC 1000 ohms

5001-15,000V 2500V DC 5000 ohms

 Table 2 Switchgear Power Factor Values
Switchgear and
Switchboard Assemblies Power Factor Values
Rated 1200A or Greater

c) Perform a power factor Voltage Test Maximum

Rating Voltage Reading
test. For switchgear rated (volts) (volts)
5 kV and above, power
factor should not exceed 5000 5000 2%
the values shown in Table
2. 7000 5000 2%
15,000 10,000 2%
35,000 10,000 2%
Switchgear and
Switchboard Assemblies
Rated 1200A or Greater

d) Perform a thermographic
infrared scan under full
load. Identify all hot spots
and promptly mark and
correct sources of heating
problems.
e) For additional
information, see NECA
400.