RANDOM

VARIABLES
 OBJECTIVES FOR TODAY

Illustrate a Distinguish Find the

between discrete
random possible values
and a continuous
variable random variable. of a random
variables.
(discrete and
continuous )
 STATISTICS
Is the study of
collection, analysis,
interpretation,
presentation, and
organization of
data
 IMPORTANCE

1. Understanding
Statistics helps people
determine the
meaning of statistics in
the news and other
fields.
EXAMPLE OF OTHER FIELD
SUCH AS:

 MATHEMATI
CS
 ECONOMICS
 RESEARCH
 IMPORTANCE

2. Studying Statistics
of data will help us
determine the
probability of an
event to happen.
PROBABILI
TY
Is the chance that
something might
happen.
Statistical
Experiment
-Is any process by which observations
are made and data is collected .
Examples:
Rolling a die, tossing a coin and
picking a card from a standard deck
of cards
OUTCOME

-the result of an experiment

Statistical Experiment Outcome
Rolling a die

Tossing a coin

Picking a card from a deck

of card
OUTCOME

-the result of an experiment

Statistical Experiment Outcome
Rolling a die 3

Tossing a coin Head

Picking a card from a deck 4 spades

of card
Sample Space

-the collection of all possible outcomes

Statistical Experiment Sample Space

Rolling a die {1,2,3,4,5,6}=6

Tossing a coin {head, tail} = 2

Picking a card from a deck of {Ace,2-10,King,Jack,Queen}x4

card =52
Sample Space

-the collection of all possible outcomes

Statistical Experiment Sample Space

Rolling a die

Tossing a coin

Picking a card from a deck of

card
Random Variable

Variable- is an element or data is

liable to vary or change.
Random Variable – variable whose
value is determined by the outcome of
a random procedure.
Random Variable
called as stochastic variable, is a rule that
assigns a numerical value or characteristics to
an outcome of an experiment. It is essentially
a variable, usually denoted by X or any
capital letter of the alphabet, because its value
is not constant – it assumes different values
due to change.
Example

a die is rolled five times and a random

variable X is assigned as the number
times a “6” appears. The random
variable X can take on the values 0, 1, 2,
3, 4, and 5 as the outcome may vary
from trial to trial.
Experiment
We toss a fair coin two times into the air
and observe the outcomes.
Possible Outcome Values of random
variable x
Random Variable X:
{Head , Head}
Number of times
the coin turns up a {Head, Tail}
head
{Tail, Head}}

{Tail, Tail}
Experiment
We toss a fair coin two times into the air
and observe the outcomes.
Possible Outcome Values of random
variable x
Random Variable X:
{Head , Head} 2
Number of times
the coin turns up a {Head, Tail} 1
head
{Tail, Head}} 1

{Tail, Tail} 0
 Classification:
Discrete Random Variables
 these are random
variables that can be take on
a finite or countable infinite
number of distinct values.
 the values can each be
described by an integer
value.
Continuous
Random Variables
 these are random variables
that take an uncountably infinite
number of possible values,
typically measurable quantities
 the values need to be measured
and involve intervals along a
number line
EXAMPLES:
DISCRETE RANDOM CONTINOUS
VARIABLES RANDOM VARIABLES
Number of children
Usual number of text messages  Knowing the body temperature
sent in a day.  Distance travel by a teacher in going
Amount spent in pesos on food to school
 Time consumed on the face book on
in one week. a particular days
Number of years of schooling  Measuring the height of a person
of the students.  Determining the weight of the pig
Age of mother.
Tell whether each variable is
discrete or continuous.

1. Time required for a vehicle to cover 20

km.
2. Number of airplane in an airport
3. Population of ants inside a cave.
4. Headcounts of animals in a zoo.
5. Volume of water.
Classify each variable as discrete or continuous.
1.Number of times you asked questions to your teacher
2.Number of ball pens used by the students in a
university
3.Altitude of a mountain
4.Dosage of medicine
5.Thickness of a book
6.Family size
7.Body temperature
8.Amount of liquid in a glass
9.Pressure of air inside a tire