NEURONS

ITS TYPES &

FUNCTIONS
 TEAM
• Marrium Naz
• Maria Iqbal Meo
• Fajar Fatima
• Amna Farooq
• Inshal
• Saba Ashraf
• Ayesha Zubair
 CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Anatomy of Neurons
• Functions of Neurons
• Types of Neurons
• Nerve impulse transmission
• Synapse
• Neurotransmitters
• Neurological disorders
 INTRODUCTION
• Definition
“Neurons are the fundamental units of the nervous system specialized to
transmit information to different parts of body”
• There are two main cells in the nervous system
i. Glial cells (protection)
ii. Neurons (functional)
They are present in 1:1 ratio
• There are approximately 86 Billion neurons in the body
 ANATOMY OF NEURONS
• Neurons are made up of
i. Cell body / soma
ii. Dendrites
iii. Axons
iv. Nodes of Ranvier
v. Myelin sheath
 ANATOMY OF NEURONS
• Neurons do not regenerate as they lack centrioles (which are
responsible for pole formation during cell division)
• A specialized fragment of RER, the NISSL’s granules(tigroid subs.) are
present throughout the neurons but absent in axons.
• Usually dendrites have a tree like appearance but some neurons also
have a single long dendrite called the Dendron.
• Myelinated axons conduct nerve impulse faster than non-myelinated
axons.
• Neuron generation in embryonic stage is 10 folds more than in adult.
 FUNCTIONS OF NEURONS
• Neurons perform the following functions in the body
i. Nerve impulse transmission
ii. Synapses
iii. Reception of stimuli
• Via mechanoreceptors, baroreceptors, nociceptors, thermoreceptors,
chemoreceptors
i. Neuroplasticity
• The change of neurons in the various parts of body as a result of
trauma response etc