Example for a PHA205

presentation
Data in Excel
You can tell that there are 2 variables
here

1- Drug, which is categorical

2- Monthly cost, which is numerical
 Testing hypothesis
Table: Descriptive statistics of Monthly cost by drug type

• I have 4 groups, and the outcome is numerical, so I will be using the ANOVA F test.

• Independent Var = Drug type

• Dependent Var = Monthly cost
• Research question: Is the monthly cost different among the treatment groups ?
• Research conclusion: There is statistical difference in the monthly cost among the
different drug type. We can at least say that those of drug A appear to have the
lowest cost, whereas those on Drug D appear to have the highest cost
2 variables
Gender of the pharmacist
Patient Satisfaction
 Table: Frequency and percent patient satisfaction by pharmacists gender
Gender of the Pharmacist
Male Female
Patient Satisfaction N % N % Chi- Df P-value
square
Satisfied 11 35.3% 16 59.3%
Not satisfied 6 64.7% 11 40.7% 0.718 1 0.1<P<0.5

• Independent Var = Pharmacist’s gender

• Dependent Var = Patient satisfaction
• Research question: Is there a difference in the proportion of patient
satisfaction according to the pharmacist’s gender ?
• Research conclusion: There is no evidence to support that the observed
difference in the sample is statistically significant, rather it is due to
chance only, and we conclude that proportion of patient’s satisfaction is
similar across pharmacist gender.
Notice in this
example that
these are the
same people

Var1 :Loss of
Appetite

Var2: Drug
type
 Table: Frequency and percent appetite loss according to drug
Drug
X Y Mc
Nemar
Loss of Appetite N % N % Chi-sq Df P-value
Yes
No 1

• Independent Var = Drug

• Dependent Var = Loss of appetite
• Research question: Is there a difference in the proportion of
patient losing appetite by drug type?
• Research conclusion:.
For pharmacy students you will also have a
question to answer
• Do not exceed the 1 slide, and do not cut and
paste from internet resources, I will know !! I
want you to use your own words