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 Test item types

1 ORAL 2 WRITTEN
TEST TEST
Objective

Subjective
 Oral Test
An oral test is an assessment method that examines to
which extent the student has achieved the pre-
established goals, based on a conversation between the
examiner and the student.
These tests are especially popular in language courses
that demand ‘speaking’
Some of the principal advantages to oral test are that
they provide nearly immediate feedback and so allow
the student to learn as they are tested. There are two
main disadvantages to oral test: the amount of time
required and the problem of record-keeping.
Written Test
A written test is an assessment method that involves
having the student answer some questions in
writing (or electronically). Based on the answers,
the teaching staff examines whether the student has
achieved the pre-established goals of the course. In
a written test, there is no direct contact between the
student and the examiner. A written test can consist
of both open and closed questions.
 WRITTEN
TEST
OBJECTIVE
TEST Recall type ( Supply type)

Simple Recall
Recall type
Completion type

Recognition type
 Simple recall EXAMPLES :

The simple-recall test is here

somewhat arbitrarily defined as one
in which each item appears as a
direct question, a stimulus word or
phrase, or a specific direction
 Advantages
· This type of test is particularly valuable in mathematics and
the physical sciences, where the stimulus appears in the form of a
problem requiring computation.
· As it needs very brief answer, does not result in bringing
boredom and fatigue.
· It is easy to construct.
· It almost eliminates guessing as a factor in unreliability and
thus minimizes one of the most common criticisms of objective
tests.
· Thus, items are sufficiently reliable and highly valid.
· The familiarity of facts and naturalness is measured.
· It can serve the diagnostic purpose.
· Quite comprehensive in covering the syllabus and testing of
the realisation of the stipulated objectives.
· The scoring and interpretation of the responses of the
students do not pose any problem.
Limitations
• Such questions test only the factual things and
memory. The powers of understanding, reasoning,
application, interpretation etc. cannot be tested through
these questions.
• Preparation of such items demands great skill and
experience on the part of the paper setter.
• It is costly in terms of time and labour for its
preparation.
• Administration of such tests may also create so many
disciplinary and administrative problems. The mode of
responses of questions may also drift the students
towards picking up unfair means.
• If not properly constructed, scoring can be subjective.
 COMPLETION
TEST
(Fill up the Blanks)
Examples:
The completion test may be defined as a series
of sentences in which certain important words
or phrases have been omitted and blanks
submitted for the students to fill in.
Completion tests are a common activity
teachers use to get students to focus on a
particular language item.
Completion test can be used to test a variety
of areas such as vocabulary, grammar and are
very effective at testing listening for specific
words.
Advantages:
• Completion-type items are easy to construct.
• Such type of items are popular and widely used. The pupils are quite familiar with such items.
• There is no scope of guess work and as such they are more reliable.
• Such items can measure both knowledge and comprehension (understanding) of the subject matter,
while simple recall type items can measure the knowledge aspect only.

Limitations:
• Such items cannot measure higher levels of objective like application, analysis, synthesis or evaluation.
• Such items fail to test the reasoning power, power to explain, discriminate, illustrate or estimate.
• These questions are mostly based on memory.
• Scoring is a bit more laborious as the blanks are scattered here and there.
 WRITTEN
OBJECTIVE
TEST
TEST Recognition type
(Selection type)
Recall type Matching Analogy
Multiple choice
True/false
Recognition type
 MATCHIN
G
With this question type, the candidate must Examples :
link items from the first column to items in
the second. This could be individual words,
words and definitions, parts of sentences,
pictures to words etc.
Matching exercises are most often used to
test vocabulary. In matching questions you
can add an image, video, audio, reading
passage, mathematical equations, formulas
and statements.
 Advantages
· Best “the amount of course material
covered to the amount of time spent to
construct the questions” ratio.
· Allow for great flexibility and accuracy
in counting the learners’ scores.
· Give an objective assessment of the
learners’ knowledge.
· At their most useful when used in areas
mostly dealing with facts.
· Least chance of guessing the correct
answer compared to other question types.
Disadvantages
· Ill-suited for gauging the learners’
higher understanding (analysis and
synthesis levels).
· Answering matching questions is time-
consuming for learners.
· Introducing too many options can
make it so that the question tests the
ability to search first, relevant
knowledge second.
 MULTIPLE EXAMPLES :
CHOICE
in multiple choice questions, students are given
a statement with three, four, or five possible
answers and they have to answer the right
option.
For many years multiple-choice were ideal test
instruments for measuring students' knowledge
of grammar and vocabulary.
there are several problems with multiple choice
questions. In the first place, they are extremely
difficult to write well, especially in the design
of the incorrect choices.
Second, while it is possible to train students so
that their multiple-choice abilities are
enhanced, this may not actually improve their
English.
 True false or alternate response type

In this type a statement is provided Examples :

to the students and they are
required to indicate their choice as
to whether the given statement is
true or falsee, correct or incorrect,
right or wrong, according to given
instructions.
 ANALOGY TEST

in this type of test we are presented with to words it is then our job to choose
another pair of words with the same relationship.
EXAMPLES :
SUBJECTIVE
TEST Subjective test

ESS Essay test type

AY Short Questions and answer
test type
Short answer
 Essay test
EXAMPLES :
An essay test is a type of assessment in which a
student is prompted to respond to a question or
a series of questions by writing an essay. This
form of test isn’t merely about checking a
student’s recall or memorisation skills, but
more about gauging their ability to comprehend
a subject, synthesise information, and articulate
their understanding effectively.
 Short Questions and Answers (SAQs)
Items in which the test taker has to provide a EXAMPLES
short answer are common, particularly in :
listening and reading tests.
in short questions and answers, students are
directed to answer the questions that will
maximum cover two or three lines. Under such
test items, students are judged in terms of their
knowledge and understanding of the relevant Examples:
subject. (i) What does it in the last sentence refer to?
(ii) How old was Hannibal when he started eating
human beings?
(iii) Why did Hannibal enjoy
eating brain so much?
 Advantages
and
Disadvantages
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• guessing will (or should) contribute less to test scores; • Responses may take longer and so reduce the
• the technique is not restricted by the need for distractors possible number of items;
(though there have to be potential alternative responses) • the test taker has to produce language in order
• cheating is likely to be more difficult; to respond;
• trough great care must still be taken, items should be • scoring may be invalid or unreliable, if
easier to write. judgement is required;
• scoring may take longer
 SUMMARY
In conclusion, objective tests are ideal for assessing factual
knowledge with clear and specific answers, offering efficiency
in grading and objectivity. In contrast, subjective tests are suited
for evaluating complex skills, critical thinking, and creativity,
but require more subjective judgment in grading. The choice
between these assessment methods depends on the specific
learning objectives and the type of knowledge or skills being
measured.
Thank you for
your time!
Any
questions?
 REFEREN
CES
Hughes, Arthur. 1989. Testing for Language Teacher: Second Edition. Cambridge University Press
https://www.studysmarter.co.uk/magazine/essay-test/#:~:text=What%20type%20of%20test%20is,subject%20matter
%20through%20written%20communication.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EddcDYxQ0HU#:~:text=WHAT%20IS%20AN%20ANALOGY%20TEST,of
%20four%20or%20five%20options.
https://www.kuleuven.be/english/education/educational-glossary/educational-glossary-o/oral-exam-written-exam
https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/statistics-2/types-of-recall-type-test-simple-and-completion-objective-test
https://uwaterloo.ca/centre-for-teaching-excellence/catalogs/tip-sheets/exam-questions-types-characteristics-and-
suggestions https://talibilm.pk/types-of-test-items https://elearningindustry.com/matching-test-items-getting-right
 REFEREN
CES
https://talibilm.pk/types-of-test-items/#:~:text=Types%20of%20Test%20Items%201%20Multiple%20Choice
%20Questions,Questions%20and%20Answers%20...%204%20Essay%20Writing%20
https://openoregon.pressbooks.pub/collegereading/chapter/lesson-6-3-understanding-test-items/
https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/professional-development/teachers/assessing-learning/articles/test-question-
types
https://uwaterloo.ca/centre-for-teaching-excellence/catalogs/tip-sheets/exam-questions-types-characteristics-and-
suggestions#:~:text=This%20tips%20sheet%20contains%20a,oral%2C%20and%207)%20computationa
https://www.csu.edu.au/division/learning-teaching/assessments/assessment-types/exams/short-answer-questions l.
https://camosun.libguides.com/c.php?g=711496&p=5109205
https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/professional-development/teachers/assessing-learning/articles/test-question-
types