03097r5P802 15 TG3a Communications Research Lab CFP Presentation

July, 2003 doc.: IEEE 802.
15-03/097r5
Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)
Submission Title: [CRL-UWB Consortium’s Soft-Spectrum UWB PHY Proposal Update for IEEE
802.15.3a]
Date Submitted: [18 July, 2003]
Source: [Ryuji Kohno, Honggang Zhang, Hiroyo Ogawa ] Company [ (1) Communications Research
Laboratory (CRL), (2) CRL-UWB Consortium ]
Connector’s Address [3-4, Hikarino-oka, Yokosuka, 239-0847, Japan]
Voice:[+81-468-47-5101], FAX: [+81-468-47-5431],
E-Mail:[kohno@crl.go.jp, honggang@crl.go.jp, hogawa@crl.go.jp ]
Re: [IEEE P802.15 Alternative PHY Call For Proposals, IEEE P802.15-02/327r7]
Abstract: [Various modifications of our proposed Soft-Spectrum Adaptation(SSA) are introduced after
brief review of SSA. We perform various SSA UWB proposals as cases with proper kernel functions and
pulse shaping, so SSA is able to be introduced to implement either single-band or multiband systems.
Moreover, various harmonization based on SSA are investigated considering co-existence, interference
avoidance, matching with regulatory spectral mask, and high data rate.]
Purpose: [For investigating the characteristics of High Rate Alternative PHY standard in 802.15TG3a,
based on Soft-Spectrum Adaptation, pulse waveform shaping and Soft-Spectrum template receiving.]
Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for
discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this
document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the
right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.
Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE
and may be made publicly available by P802.15.
Submissio Slide 1 CRL-UWB Consortium
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Proposal Update:
CRL-UWB Consortium’s Soft-

Spectrum UWB PHY Proposal for
IEEE 802.15.3a
Ryuji KOHNO
Director, UWB Technology Institute, CRL
Professor, Yokohama National University
Chair, CRL-UWB Consortium
Honggang ZHANG, and Hiroyo OGAWA
Communications Research Laboratory(CRL)
& CRL-UWB Consortium
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Major Contributors For This Proposal Update

Ryuji KOHNO Yokohama National University
Shinsuke HARA Osaka University
Shigenobu SASAKI Niigata University
Tetsushi IKEGAMI Meiji University
Makoto ITAMI Science University of Tokyo
Kenichi TAKIZAWA Communications Research Laboratory

Tetsuya YASUI Communications Research Laboratory
Honggang ZHANG Communications Research Laboratory
Kamya Y. YAZDANDOOST Communications Research Laboratory
Yuko RIKUTA Communications Research Laboratory
Hiroji AKAHORI Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd

Yosihito KITAYAMA CASIO Computer Co., Ltd.
Yoshiaki KURAISHI NEC Engineering, Ltd.
Toshiaki SAKANE Fujitsu Limited
Yoichi ISO Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd.
Masatoshi TAKADA Hitachi Kokusai Electric Inc.

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CRL-UWB Consortium
● Organization 
UWB Technology Institute of CRL and associating
Manufacturers and Academia.
● Aim 
■ R&D and regulation of UWB wireless systems.
■ Channel measurement and modeling with experimental
analysis of UWB system test-bed in band (960MHz,
3.1- 10.6GHz, 22-29GHz, and over 60GHz).
■ R&D of low cost module with higher data rate over
100Mbps.
■ Contribution in standardization with ARIB,
MMAC, and MPHPT in Japan.
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Outline of Presentation
1. Summary of pervious Soft-Spectrum Adaptation (SSA) proposals of CRL-
UWB Consortium
2. What are the recent improvements in the CRL-UWB Consortium’s proposal ?
2.1 Channel coding/decoding for SSA
2.2 Soft-Spectrum Keying in SSA
2.3 SSA system performance
2.4 Pre-equalization scheme in SSA
2.5 Multiple access scheme with RS Time-Frequency hopping sequence
2.6 Coexistence and narrowband interference mitigation
2.7 Link budget estimation
2.8 Receiver synchronization scheme
2.9 Frame architecture for IEEE802.15.3 MAC layer
2.10 Transceiver architecture based on SSA
2.11 Power consumption
2.12 Antenna practicality
3. Global Harmonization with other UWB PHY proposals
4. Self-Evaluation
5. Concluding remarks and Backup materials
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1. Summary of
Previous CRL-UWB Consortium’s Proposal
on Soft-Spectrum Adaptation(SSA) UWB
for IEEE802.15.3a WPANs

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What is Soft-Spectrum Adaptation UWB ?

Basic Philosophy  Soft-Spectrum Adaptation (SSA)
 Design a proper pulse waveform with high frequency
efficiency corresponding to any frequency mask.
 Adjust transmitted signal’s spectra in flexible so as to
minimize interference with coexisting systems.
1

m
0
Soft-Spectrum Adaptation(SSA)
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Basic Formulation
N
Synthesize a proper
Example of Pulse Generator
f (t )  fk 1
k (t )
pulse waveform
In case of multiband, a kernel function is
a sinusoidal function.
In case of impulse radio, a kernel function
is a Gaussian, Hermitian pulse function etc.
Feasible Solution: Pulse

design satisfying Spectrum
Mask
 Divide (spread-and-shrink ) the whole

bandwidth into several sub-bands 
Soft Spectrum (spectrum matching)
 Pulse synthesized by several pulses
that have different spectra 
N division Soft Spectrum, M-ary signaling
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Soft-Spectrum Adaptation (SSA) with Flexible Band Plan

Single-band Dual- or Triple-band Multi-band
5 GHz
W-LAN
Spectrum
Power
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 N division
f [GHz]
In the future, if the restricting ruggedness of regional spectral mask (e.g. FCC mask)
is eased, band allocation can be extended below 3.1 GHz or above 10.6 GHz.
N+α division
Soft-Spectrum Adaptation (SSA) can correspond freely

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Soft-Spectrum Adaptation(SSA)
Classification
(1) Free-Verse Type of SSA

 A kernel function is non-sinusoidal, e.g.
Gaussian, Hermitian pulse etc.
 Single band, Impulse radio
(2) Geometrical Type of SSA

 A kernel function is sinusoidal with different
frequency.
 Multiband with carriers and Multi-carrier

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(1) Free-verse Type Soft-Spectrum Adaptation

 Freely design pulse waveforms by synthesizing pulses,
e.g. overlapping and shifting
2.4GHz 5.2GHz
time frequency
K-3 Free-verse Soft-Spectrum Adaptation pulse

(Note: band notches clearly happen at 2.4 and 5.2 GHz as
well)
1

m
0
time frequency
K-4 Free-verse Soft-Spectrum Adaptation pulse

(Note: pulse waveform has more freedom)
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(2) Geometrical Type Soft-Spectrum Adaptation

 Freely design pulse waveforms using various geometrical
type envelopes
1 1
0.8 0.8
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
0
0
-0.2
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6 -0.4
-0.8 -0.6
Triangular-type envelope Exponential-type envelope

1
0.8
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
0
0
-0.2 -0.2
-0.4 -0.4
-0.6 -0.6
-0.8 -0.8
Cosine-type envelope Gaussian-type envelope

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Global Coexistence with other Potential Interferences
Multiband/OFDM:
Only (b) is available
SSA:
Both (a) and (b) are
available
(a) Use of frequency band having low (b) Simply eliminate the
emission limit, but the same pulse energy is band if other services
available by using wider bandwidth. exist.
 If more potential interferer should be considered, (b) does

not work because it simply reduce the signal energy.
 Soft-Spectrum Adaptation (SSA) approach provides more
option to overcome future potential coexistence issue.
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Features of Soft-Spectrum Adaptation (SSA)

 Soft-Spectrum Adaptation (SSA) with flexible pulse
waveform and frequency band can perform single and
multiband UWB by
 Free-verse type pulse waveform shaping and
 Geometrical type pulse waveform shaping, respectively.
 Interference avoidance for co-existence, harmonization for
various proposals, and global implementation can be carried
out by SSA.
 SSA can flexibly adjust UWB signal spectrum so as to
match with spectral restriction in transmission power, i.e.
spectrum masks in both cases of single and multiple bands.
 Scalable, adaptive performance improvement
 Smooth system version-up similar to Software Defined
Radio (SDR).
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Harmonization Based on Soft-Spectrum Adaptation

Time-Frequency Hopping
Intel,Wisair,
Intel, Wisair,etc.
etc.
SSA type Kernel function
Multiband
Time-Frequency coding
with carrier
Sinusoidal GA,Philips
Philips
Geometrical GA,
Multi-carrier TI:OFDM
OFDM
Soft-
Soft- TI:
Spectrum
Spectrum Single/Dual-band
Adaptation Adaptive
Adaptation
(SSA)
(SSA) STMicroelectronics
ST Microelectronics
Free-verse Gaussian
Mitsubishi
Mitsubishi
(5thderivation)
(5th derivation)
Hermitian
CRL
CRL

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2. Recent Updates in CRL-UWB

Consortium’s Soft-Spectrum
Adaptation (SSA) Proposal

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2.1. Channel Coding and Decoding for SSA:

Combined Iterative Demapping/Decoding (CIDD)
• Key Idea
– Serially concatenated structure between a channel encoder and
pulse mapper
Serially concatenated structure
Outer encoder Inner encoder
Channel M-ary pulse mapper
encoder bit interleaver (MBOK, SK, PPM, …)
– Combined iterative demapping/decoding (CIDD) can be achieved

between Pulse demapper and Channel
Inner decoder decoder
Outer decoder Turbo decoding is
Pulse internal iterative
M-ary Pulse Deinterleaver Channel decoding
correlator demapper decoder
Turbo
Interleaver decoder

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Combined Iterative Demapping/Decoding (CIDD)

• Results
Assumption: 100
– AWGN channel CIDD
– 8-ary Bi-phase PPM 1st iteration
2nd iteration
– Convolutional code, K=3, [7,5]8 10-1 3rd iteration
– Random interleaver 4th iteration
Bit Error Rate

– Interleaver size: 512 bits Viterbi decoding
10-2 K=7, [171, 133]8,
* Turbo decoding (Turbo coding)
Turbo decoding
Correlator Turbo K=3, [5,7]8,
Demap. Deint.
Dec. 10-3 4th iter.
* CIDD (convolutional coding)

Conv. 10-4
Correlator Demap. Deint.
Dec.
Int. 10-5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Eb/N0 [dB]
CIDD brings larger coding gain !

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2.2. Soft Spectrum Keying: Pulse Shape

Modulation (PSM)
a) Free-verse type
Modified Hermitian Pulse (MHP)
000 001 010 011
t
100 101 110 111
t
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Free-verse Type SSA Pulse: Modified

Hermitian Pulse
Tx output Rx input
Derivative
 MHP waveforms with different orders are mutually orthogonal.
 MHP waveforms may be changed by antenna and channel characteristics,
but still holds orthogonality at the receiver through Gram-Schmidt
orthogonalization procedure for transmitted and template waveforms.
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Soft Spectrum Keying: Pulse Shape

Modulation (Cont.)
b) Geometrical type
000 001 010 011
t
100 101 110 111
t
Transmit
Transmit22bits
bitsby
byusing
usingBPSK/QPSK
BPSK/QPSKmodulation
modulationinineach
eachSoft-Spectrum
Soft-SpectrumAdaptation
Adaptation
pulse(Inner-keying)
pulse (Inner-keying)
Transmit
Transmitother
othermore
morebits
bitsby
bydefining
definingdifferent
differentSoft-Spectrum
Soft-SpectrumAdaptation
Adaptationpulse
pulse
shapesand
shapes andsequences
sequences(Outer-keying)
(Outer-keying)

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Supported Bit Rates with Soft-Spectrum Keying
Target Outer Inner Channel Coding

Throughput PRI*3
date rate Keying Keying Bit rate Rate*4
55 Mbps*1 62.5 Mbps - BPSK 16 ns 125 Mbps 1/2

110 Mbps 125 Mbps 8-ary PSM BPSK 16 ns 250 Mbps 1/2
200 Mbps 250 Mbps 8-ary PSM BPSK 8 ns 500 Mbps 1/2
500 Mbps 8-ary PSM QPSK 8 ns 625 Mbps 4/5
480 Mbps
500 Mbps 16-ary PSM BPSK 8 ns 625 Mbps 4/5
*1: 55 Mbps for preamble and PHY/MAC header parts

*2: Both geometrical type and free-verse type support the same bit rates.
*3: Pulse repetition interval: PRI
*4: Coding: convolutional code (K=3, [5,7]8)

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2.3. SSA System Performance

M correlator outputs
#M Combined iterative demapping/decoding (CIDD)
#2 M-ary PSM convolutional
#1
Correlator DFE Demapper De-interleaver Decoder
Interleaver
Channel Remapper
estimation
• interleaver: random interleaver
• interleaver size: 512bits
• decoding algorithm: max-log MAP
Geometrical type Free-verse type
• # of iterations: 4
#1 #2 #M #1 #2 #M • Including the losses due to
 Channel estimation
 Multipath degradation
・・・・・・
frequency time or shape

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SSA System Performance (Cont.)

a) Free-verse type
• 8-band, 1/2 rate-convolutional coding, CIDD, DFE
• PER as a function of distance and channel model (90% link success probability)
100 100
CM4
CM4
CM3 CM3
Packet Error Rate

Packet Error Rate
CM2
CM2 CM1 CM1
10-1 10-1
10-2 10-2
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Distance [m] Distance [m]
125 Mbps 250 Mbps
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SSA System Performance (Cont.)

b) Geometrical type
• 8-band, 1/2 rate-convolutional coding, CIDD, DFE
• PER as a function of distance and channel model (90% link success probability)
100 100
CM4
CM4
CM3 CM3
Packet Error Rate

Packet Error Rate
CM2
CM2
CM1 CM1
-1 -1
10 10
10-2 10-2
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Distance [m] Distance [m]
125 Mbps 250 Mbps
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2.4. Pre-equalization for Pulse Shape Calibration
X filter antenna channel antenna filter Y

Ft At C Ar Fr
Pulse shape in both time and frequency domain is strongly affected
by filter, antenna and channel characteristics.
pre-equalizer filter antenna

X Xpre X
Xpre=X Ft At-1 -1 Ft At
Xpost
channel antenna filter post-equalizer
Y
C Ar Fr Xpost=Y C-1 Ar-1 Fr-1
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2.5. Simultaneous Operating Piconets in SSA

(Geometrical Type)
Low Band Group High Band Group
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
F [GHz]
Low Band Group (GHz) High Band Group (GHz)

No. Fc FL FH No. Fc FL FH
0 3.52 3.251 3.789 8 7.04 6.771 7.309
1 3.96 3.691 4.229 9 7.48 7.211 7.749
2 4.4 4.131 4.669 10 7.92 7.651 8.189
3 4.84 4.571 5.109 11 8.36 8.091 8.629
4 5.28 5.011 5.549 12 8.8 8.531 9.069
5 5.72 5.451 5.989 13 9.24 8.971 9.509
6 6.16 5.891 6.429 14 9.68 9.411 9.949
7 6.6 6.331 6.869 15 10.12 9.851 10.389
 Multi-band frequency divisions:

 440 MHz separation between sub-bands  538 MHz sub-band bandwidth
 Our proposed system uses Reed-Solomon(RS) sequence as a TFH sequence
: Reed-Solomon Time-Frequency (RSTF) Hopping Sequence
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Reed-Solomon Time-Frequency (RSTF) Hopping Sequence
S1 7 6 5 2 4 1 3
S2 6 7 4 3 5 0 2
S3 5 4 7 0 6 3 1
S4 4 5 6 1 7 2 0
S5 3 2 1 6 0 5 7
S6 2 3 0 7 1 4 6
S7 1 0 3 4 2 7 5
S8 0 1 2 5 3 6 4
SH1 15 14 13 10 12 9 11
SH2 14 15 12 11 13 8 10
SH3 13 12 15 8 14 11 9
SH4 12 13 14 9 15 10 8
SH5 11 10 9 14 8 13 15
SH6 10 11 8 15 9 12 14
SH7 9 8 11 12 10 15 13
SH8 8 9 10 13 11 14 12
 The RS Time-Frequency (RSTF) code has one collision property

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Multiple Access Performance of RSTF sequences

-1
10 10-1
single user (no interference) 1 interfering user

1 interfering user D/I=6dB
10-2 2 interfering users 10-2 D/I=3dB
D/I=0dB
D/I=0dB D/I=-3dB
Bit Error Rate
Bit Error Rate

10 -3
10-3 Single user
(no interference)
10-4 10-4
10-5 10-5
10-6 10-6
0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 8 10
Eb/N0 (dB) Eb/N0 (dB)
BER performance for the number of BER performance for the different D/I,
interfering users, D/I=0dB 1 interfering user
D/I=(Received power ratio for the desired user) / ((Received power ratio for the interfering
user)
• Coding rate=1/2, K=3, Interleaver size=512 bits
• 8-ary PSM+BPSK, AWGN
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Multiple Access Performance (Cont.)

10-1 10-1
3 interfering users
2 interfering users D/I=6dB
D/I=6dB D/I=3dB
10-2 10-2
D/I=3dB D/I=2dB
D/I=0dB D/I=0dB
Bit Error Rate
Single user Single user
Bit Error Rate

10-3 (no interference) 10-3 (no interference)
10-4 10-4
10-5 10-5
10-6 10-6
0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 8 10
Eb/N0 (dB) Eb/N0 (dB)
BER performance for the different D/I, BER performance for the different D/I,
2 interfering users 3 interfering users
• Coding rate=1/2, K=3, Interleaver size=512 bits
• 8-ary PSM+BPSK, AWGN
• The same received power for the interfering users
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2.6. Coexistence and Narrowband Interference Mitigation

 Interference reduction to/from IEEE802.11a/b WLAN by generating
band notch using SSA pulse
Geometrical Free-versetype
type
Geometricaltype
type SSA Dual Cycle Pulse SSA Free-verse Pulse Free-verse
IEEE802.11a
2.4GHz 5.2GHz
Frequency spectrum Frequency spectrum

with band notch with band notch
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Interference reduction to/from existing narrowband systems by
generating band notch based on SSA pulse (Cont.)
1.00E-01
Without
Interference
1.00E-02
With
Interference
D/I = 0dB
BER
1.00E-03
Dual Cycle
Pulse
1.00E-04
1.00E-05
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Eb/N0
BERofofDS-SS
BER DS-SSsystem
systemwhile
whileSSA
SSAUWB
UWB BERofofSSA
BER SSAUWB
UWBsystem
systemwhile
whileIEEE
IEEE
systemcausing
system causinginterference
interference 802.11asystem
802.11a systemcausing
causinginterference
interference
 It is possible to vastly improve the influence of interference to/from

existing systems including IEEE 802.11a/b WLAN using the SSA pulse.
 SSA also realizes flexible interference control under various
situations.
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2.7. Link Budget Estimation

a) Free-verse type
Assumption: AWGN, 0dBi TX/RX antenna gain
Parameters Value (>110Mbps) Value (>200Mbps)

Throughput 125 Mbps 250 Mbps
Average TX Power -7.39 dBm -7.39 dBm
Path Loss 64.48 dB 56.52 dB
@ 10 m @4m
Average RX Power -71.87 dBm -63.91 dBm
Noise Figure 7.0 dB 7.0 dB
Average Noise Power -93.0 dBm -90.0 dBm
Minimum Eb/N0 3.2 dB 3.2 dB
Implementation Loss 3.0 dB 3.0 dB
Link margin 8.0 dB 11.6 dB
RX Sensitivity Level -86.8 dBm -83.8 dBm

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Link Budget Estimation (Cont.)

b) Geometrical type
Assumption: 8-band, AWGN, 0dBi TX/RX antenna gain
Parameters Value (>110Mbps) Value (>200Mbps)

Throughput 125 Mbps 250 Mbps
Average TX Power -16.41 dBm -16.41 dBm
Total TX Power -7.38 dBm -7.38 dBm
Path Loss 66.52 dB 57.66 dB
@ 10 m @4m
Average RX Power -73.91 dBm -65.95 dBm
Noise Figure 7.0 dB 7.0 dB
Average Noise Power -93.3 dBm -90.0 dBm
Minimum Eb/N0 3.2 dB 3.2 dB
Implementation Loss 3.0 dB 3.0 dB
Link margin 5.9 dB 10.9 dB
RX Sensitivity Level -87.1 dBm -83.8 dBm

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2.8. Frame Architecture for IEEE802.15.3 MAC Layer

 PLCP Frame Format in SSA
 CRL’s SSA methods, both Free-verse type and Geometrical type,
use the same frame format as the IEEE802.15.3 PHY.
12.288 µsec
PLCP Preamble PHY MAC Tail

96 repetitions of Header Header HCS Payload FCS Tail Pad
Bits Bits Bits
the same pattern
3 Sections
Coarse Timing Synchronization Fine Timing Synchronization
Packet Detection Frame Synchronization Channel Estimation
32 patterns 32 patterns 32 patterns

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 We can design the waveform of the PN pattern in the

preamble which is be detectable for both Free-verse type and
Geometrical type receivers.
 We can use the reserved bit in the PHY header as an

indicator to show which waveform type is employed in the
payload, Free-verse type or Geometrical type.
0: Free-verse type
1: Geometrical type
Rate Reserved Length Scrambler Init.
PHY
Header

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PHY-SAP Throughput
T_PA_INITIAL = 12.288 μs T_PHYHDR + T_MACHDR + T_HCS
T_MIFS = 2 μs = 120 bits / 62.5Mbps = 1.92 μs
T_PA_CONT = 6.144 μs T_MPDU = MPDU_bits / R_Pay
T_SIFS = 10 μs T_FCS = 32bits (4bytes) / R_Pay
Frame n-1 Transmission Frame n Transmission

PHY MAC PHY MAC
Preamble HCS MPDU FCS MIFS Preamble HCS MPDU FCS SIFS
HEADER HEADER HEADER HEADER
: data rate is 62.5 Mbps : data rate is R_Pay (=125, 250 500 Mbps )
• MPDU_bits is 8160bits (=1020 bytes)

# of frames R_Pay=125Mbps R_Pay=250Mbps R_Pay=500Mbps
1 90.9Mbps 143.2Mbps 201.0Mbps
5 98.0Mbps 161.7Mbps 239.5Mbps
• MPDU_bits is 32736bits (=4092 bytes)
# of frames R_Pay=125Mbps R_Pay=250Mbps R_Pay=500Mbps
1 114.3Mbps 210.8Mbps 364.7Mbps
5 116.9Mbps 220.0Mbps 393.2Mbps

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2.9. Frame and Symbol Synchronization Using the
Defined Preamble
Frame
Synchronization
Correlator Soft Acquisition Base-band
Decision / Tracking Unit
Phase
[Acquisition] Reference
Symbol
Sampling
Sequence
Data … … … …
Demodulated
Symbol
Sequence
Frame
Synchronization
Search Window
Distance
Detection Phase
[Tracking] Tracking Phase
… … …
n n
To show the end of each
Search Window
section
Preamble structure
PN1 … -PN32 PN33 … -PN64 PN65 … -PN96

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2.10. Realization of Soft-Spectrum Adaptation Transceiver
Ｘ GCA A/D I
I
LNA
Ｘ GCA A/D Q
Q
T/R Freq. Hopping Base
SW Synthesizer Band
I LO Sin Demod. Processor
Ｘ I
+ Q
Output Ｘ Q
Driver
Free-verse
Generator
Geometrical Tx Geometrical Rx
Free-verse Generator LO Sin Demodulator
Free-verse Tx Free-verse Rx
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Time-Frequency Hopping Band-Pass Amplifier

5GHz WLAN
 Center frequency of band-
pass characteristic (LNA, Output t1~t2 t5~t6 t7~t8
Amplifier S21
Driver) is changed in short time t0~t1 t2~t3 t4~t5 t6~t7
(<50ps) in accordance with
hopping of input frequency.
In LNA Out f0 f1 f2 f3 f4 f5 f6 f7
Tx, Rx signal 3.1 Frequency [GHz] 10.6
f0
f1
f2
f3
f4
f5
f6
Output f7
Out Driver In
t0 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7 t8
 Receiving Interference suppression

 Synthesizer (spurious) & Mixer performance relaxation -5 dB ~ -30 dB
 Giving Interference suppression
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July, 2003 doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
2.11. Transmitter Power Consumption in SSA

Geometrical type  Total : 215 mW
Soft-Spectrum Processing Bank
Waveform Modulator
Base-Band Generator BPF
Unit
Mixer 5mW Driver 10mW
Digital: 150 mW PLL: 50 mW RF: 15 mW
Free-verse type  Total: 176mW
Waveform Modulator BPF

Base-Band
Generator
Unit
33mW Driver 16mW
Digital: 100 mW PLL: 27 mW RF: 49mW

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July, 2003 doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Receiver Power Consumption in SSA

Geometrical type 
Total: 262 mW Template PLL: 50 mW
Generator
A
VGA Correlator Demodulator Base-band
BPF LNA D
Unit
C
10mW 10mW （ Mixer ）
7mW
RF: 27 mW ADC: 35 Digital: 150 mW

mW
Free-verse type 
Total: 195 mW Template PLL: 27 mW
Generator
A
Correlator D Demodulator Base-band
BPF LNA VGA
C Unit
16mW 16mW
9mW
RF: 41 mW ADC: 18 mW Digital: 109 mW

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July, 2003 doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
2.12. Antenna Practicality

 Antenna form (Antenna + RF circuit)
– smaller size for PC Card, Compact Flash, Memory Stick,
SD Memory, etc.
Antenna size 1.0 inch x 1.0 inch
Frequency VSWR < 3.0

response
Impulse response Pulse shaping almost not
changed
Radiation Omni-direction
characteristics Gain : around 2dBi
 Response characteristics are almost flat across frequency range.

 Suitable for Soft-Spectrum Adaptation (SSA) applications.

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July, 2003 doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Gain/Axial Ratio (Theta=0.0, Phi=0.0) VSWR
7
Magnitude of Gain/Axial Ratio [dBi]
5
4 6
Magnitude of VSWR
3 5
2 4
1 3
0 Gain(P-Input) 2
Gain(P-accepted)
-1 1
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Frequency [GHz] Frequency [GHz]
Fig. 1 Antenna gain characteristics Fig. 2 Antenna VSWR characteristics

proposed by CRL-UWB Consortium proposed by CRL-UWB Consortium
Scattering Matrix
Magnitude of Scattering Matrix [dB]
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Frequency [GHz]
Fig. 3 Antenna S11 characteristics

proposed by CRL-UWB Consortium
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July, 2003 doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
3. Harmonization Based on SSA for All

Proposed UWB Systems
 Global Harmonization is the everlasting aim and

basic philosophy of CRL-UWB Consortium.
 CRL’s Soft-Spectrum Adaptation has a wide
capability to be harmonized with all the proposed
UWB systems:
– Intel, General Atomics, ST Microelectronics,
Samsung, TI, and so on.
 Just changing the kernel functions and shapes of
Soft-Spectrum Adaptation pulse waveforms.

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July, 2003 doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Harmonization Based on SSA

Time-Frequency Hopping
Intel,Wisair,
Intel, Wisair,etc.
etc.
SSA type Kernel function
Multiband
Time-Frequency coding
with carrier
Sinusoidal GA,Philips
Philips
Geometrical GA,
Multi-carrier TI:OFDM
OFDM
Soft-
Soft- TI:
Spectrum
Spectrum Single/Dual-band
Adaptation Adaptive
Adaptation
(SSA)
(SSA) STMicroelectronics
STMicroelectronics
Free-verse Gaussian
Mitsubishi
Mitsubishi
(5thderivation)
(5th derivation)
Hermitian
CRL
CRL

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July, 2003 doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
3.1. SSA Harmonization

with Intel’s Multi-Band Proposal
• Modulation: M-ary Bi-orthogonal Keying + QPSK
• No. of sub-bands: 7
• Pulse shape: 3 nsec pulse with rectified cosine shape
The phase of each pulse is determined by

another transmitted information data.
f1
f1 f2 f3 f4 *1 f2
f3
t f4
f5
f6
f7
Each waveform can be considered to
be a Pulse Shape in Pulse Shape Modulation(PSM).
t
*1: In this figure, the extension factor N = 1

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July, 2003 doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
3.2. SSA Harmonization with STMicroelectronics’

PPM Proposal
•• Modulation:
Modulation: 2–PPM
2–PPM++Polarity
Polarity(for
(for123
123Mbps)
Mbps)
•• Pulse
Pulseshape:
shape: Full
Fullband
bandpulse
pulseshape
shape
•• Channel
Channelcoding:
coding: Turbo coding
Turbo coding
* The concept of full band pulse shape of STM is quite close to CRL’s
Free-verse SSA philosophy.
PPM Each STM’s waveform can be

considered to be a Pulse Shape
00 10 01 11 in SSA’s Pulse Shape Modulation(PSM).
t
At the receiver, use of correlation between each
pulse shape and received waveform gives a
PRI PRI
large advantage to the transmission
PSM performance.

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July, 2003 doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Potential Harmonization between

Free-verse SSA and STMicroelectronics
By SSA itself
2.4GHz 5.2GHz
TimeDomain
Time Domain FrequencyDomain
Frequency Domain
-100
-110
-120
-130
Notch Filter -140
-150
(STMicroelectronics) -160
-170 3-7GHz 7 sub-bands

3-7GHz gap@ 5GHz 5 sub-bands
-180
-190
0 2 4 6 8 10 12

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July, 2003 doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Potential Harmonization between

Free-verse SSA and STMicroelectronics (Cont.)
SSA ST Harmonization
(Free-verse) Microelectronic
s
Pulse Shape Including Mono- Mono-pulse
& Frequency pulse & & Adaptive Possible
Band Adaptive
BPSK/QPSK BPSK Possible if
Modulation + PSM + 4-PPM modified
5.4 nsec Possible if
Time Slot 8 nsec 7.45 nsec modified
8 nsec
 STMicroelectronics have proposed “Flexible data rate”
where “PRP is easily changed”.
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July, 2003 doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
3.3. SSA Harmonization

with General Atomics’s Spectral Keying TM
Proposal
•• Modulation:
Modulation: Spectral
SpectralKeying
Keying
•• No.
No.ofofsubbands:
subbands: 55(119.6Mbps)
(119.6Mbps)
•• Channel
Channelcoding:
coding: Turbo
Turbocoding
coding
Selection of a Phase
Pulse Shape Modulation
Transmitted Data (outer keying)
a1a2 a3a4 a5a6 a7a8 …

Phase Modulation
Selection of a Pulse Shape
(inner keying)
f
SK can be viewed as a Frequency-Time
f4 f4 f3 f2 f1 coded PSM (Geometrical Type).
f3
f2 t
f1 t

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July, 2003 doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
SSA Harmonization f
with General Atomics’s Spectral Keying TM f4
f
• Phase Modulation: BPSK f3
100 • Turbo coding
2
t
f1
SK parameters: M=T=B=4, P=1 −K=3, [5,7]8, RSC
Coding rate: 1/2 −Interleaver size: 256bits
10-1 Interleaver size: 512
# of iterations: 4 Channel SK
AWGN channel interleaver
encoder modulator
Bit Error Rate
10-2 Conv. or turbo

K=3 Turbo
* For turbo coding (GA),
-3
10
Correlator SK Turbo
Deint.
Demod. Dec.
10-4 Proposed * For convolutional coding (Proposed),

K=3 Conv.+CIDD Correlator SK Conv.
>1.5dB Deint.
Demod. Dec.
10-5
0 1 2 3 4 5
Eb/N0 [dB] Int.
Combined iterative demapping/decoding (CIDD)
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July, 2003 doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
3.4. Summary of Harmonization Based on SSA
 Our combined iterative demapping/decoding scheme

including Pulse Shape Correlator offers a large
advantage in the transmission performance.
 For example, we confirmed that the performance of

Pulse Shape Modulation + Convolutional Code is
superior to that of Turbo code.
 SSA also have a harmonizing capability with other

schemes, such as TI’s Frequency Hopping OFDM
scheme and so on, and our iterative decoding scheme is
applicable to many proposals in IEEE 802.15.3a.

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July, 2003 doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
4. Self-Evaluation  General Solution Criteria

IMPORTANCE
CRITERIA REF. PROPOSER RESPONSE
LEVEL
Unit Manufacturing 3.1 B 0
Complexity (UMC)
Signal Robustness
Interference And 3.2.2 A +

Susceptibility
Coexistence 3.2.3 A +
Technical Feasibility
Manufacturability 3.3.1 A +
Time To Market 3.3.2 A 0
Regulatory Impact 3.3.3 A +
Scalability (i.e. Payload Bit Rate/Data 3.4 A +

Throughput, Channelization – physical
or coded, Complexity, Range,
Frequencies of Operation, Bandwidth
of Operation, Power Consumption)
Location Awareness 3.5 C 0

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July, 2003 doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Self-Evaluation  PHY Protocol Criteria (Cont.)

IMPORTANCE
LEVEL
Size And Form Factor 5.1 B 0
PHY-SAP Payload Bit Rate & Data Throughput

Payload Bit Rate 5.2.1 A +
Packet Overhead 5.2.2 A +
PHY-SAP Throughput 5.2.3 A +
Simultaneously Operating 5.3 A +

Piconets
Signal Acquisition 5.4 A +
System Performance 5.5 A +
Link Budget 5.6 A +
Sensitivity 5.7 A 0
Power Management Modes 5.8 B +
Power Consumption 5.9 A +
Antenna Practicality 5.10 B +

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July, 2003 doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Self-Evaluation (Cont.)
 MAC Protocol Enhancement Criteria
IMPORTANCE
LEVEL
MAC Enhancements And 4.1. C +
Modifications

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July, 2003 doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
5. Concluding Remarks
What do
What do we
we really
really want
want to
to emphasize
emphasize ?!
?!
SinceR&D
Since R&Dofof UWB
UWBhashasstill
stillbeen
beenin inprogress,
progress, our
our
standardizationprocedure
standardization procedureshould
shouldnotnot restrict
restrict the
theprogress
progress
byonly
by onlychoosing
choosingthe
theeasiest
easiest current
current technologies.
technologies.
Onthe
On thecontrary,
contrary, we
weshould
shouldleave
leavemore
moreflexibilities
flexibilitiesand
and
freedomsin
freedoms insignaling,
signaling, modulation,
modulation, spectrum
spectrummatching,
matching, etc.,
etc.,
especiallyat
especially atUWB
UWBphysical
physicallayer.
layer.
That’s why
That’s why we
we need
need SSA
SSA !!
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July, 2003 doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Backup Materials

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July, 2003 doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
• Geometrical Rx ＡＦＥ： 112mW
Ｘ GCA A/D I
I
LNA
Ｘ GCA A/D Q Base
Q Band
T/R Freq. Hopping
SW Processor
Synthesizer
I
Ｘ I
+ Q
Output Ｘ Q
Driver
• Multi-band OFDM Carrier
Phase RF: 27 mW
AGC and
cos(2f ct) Time PLL: 50 mW
Tracking
Pre-Select ADC: 35 mW
Filter
I
LPF
Synchronization
VGA ADC
Remove Pilots
Remove CP
scrambler
Interleaver
Decoder
Viterbi
LNA Output
FEQ
FFT
De-
De-
Data
Q
LPF VGA ADC
sin (2f ct)
ＡＦＥ： 187mW
Powerconsumption
Power consumption(Receiver)
(Receiver)
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July, 2003 doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
RF: 15 mW
PLL: 50 mW
• Geometrical Tx
Ｘ GCA A/D I
I
LNA
Base
Ｘ GCA A/D Q
Band
T/R Q Freq.
Process
Hopping
SW or
Synthesizer
I
Ｘ I
+ Q
Output Ｘ Q
Driver ＡＦＥ：
65mW
ＡＦＥ： 160mW
• Multi-band
Input
OFDM Convolutional Bit Constellation
IFFT
Scrambler Puncturer Insert Pilots DAC
Data Encoder Interleaver Mapping Add CP & GI
cos(2fct)
Power consumption
Power consumption (Transmitter)
(Transmitter) Time Frequency Code

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July, 2003 doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Comparison and Harmonization between SSA

(Geometrical Type) and Samsung Proposal
SSA (Geometrical) Samsung Harmoniza-

tion
Pulse Basic wave Sine-wave
shape Window Window Possible
4ns width 2.5ns width
Freq. Adaptive, not
band specified 700 MHz Possible
700 MHz, if 10 Band
necessary
Modula- BPSK,QPSK + D(B)PSK + Possible if
tion PSM PPM(2,4) modified

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July, 2003 doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Another Example of Multi-band Plan in SSA

Mandatory Band Group Optional Band Group
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Mandatory Band Group Optional Band Group

f
No. Fc FL FH No. Fc FL FH
1 3.45 3.1 3.8 4 5.56 5.21 5.91
2 4.12 3.77 4.47 5 6.23 5.88 6.58
3 4.79 4.44 5.14 6 6.9 6.55 7.25
7 7.57 7.22 7.92
8 8.24 7.89 8.59
9 8.91 8.56 9.26
10 9.58 9.23 9.93
11 10.25 9.9 10.6
 Multi-band frequency divisions:
– 670 MHz separation between sub-bands
– 700 MHz sub-band bandwidth
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July, 2003 doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Comparison and Harmonization between SSA

(Geometrical Type) and Samsung Proposal (Cont.)
SSA Samsung Harmoniza-

(Geometrical) tion
Time slot 8ns In 2PPM,

and 2nd half of time 2.5ns×2 Possible if
Guard- slot can be used Symbol period is modified
interval as Guard-interval 71.4ns
Considered on the basis of Samsung’s Proposal:

IEEE802.15-03/135r1

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July, 2003 doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Harmonization in Modulation between SSA

 Support modulation with each other because of the

modulation similarity: BPSK and DPSK.
 Make both methods compatible because pulse
shape of PSM can be adapted to PPM pulse shape.
00 01
5ns
Signal can be
t t processed with
10 5ns two kinds of pulse
11
shapes of SSA
t t

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July, 2003 doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Harmonization in Time Slot between SSA

00
4ns
5ns
t t
Samsung Transmitter  SSA receiver

Interval with no signal.
9 time slots (8ns*9=72ns) are nearly equal to 71.4ns .
SSA Transmitter  Samsung receiver

SSA signal as Multipath components.

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July, 2003 doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Proposed specific SSA pulse (Modified Hermite

Pulse) with Gram-Schimidt orthogonalization

n
July, 2003 doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5

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July, 2003 doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
BER performance of the proposed SSA

pulse(Modified Hermite Pulse) with Gram-Schimidt
orthogonalization
n

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July, 2003 doc.: IEEE 802.

CRL-UWB Consortium’s Soft-

Major Contributors For This Proposal Update

Kenichi TAKIZAWA Communications Research Laboratory

Hiroji AKAHORI Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd

Submissio Slide 3 CRL-UWB Consortium

Submissio Slide 6 CRL-UWB Consortium

What is Soft-Spectrum Adaptation UWB ?

Feasible Solution: Pulse

 Divide (spread-and-shrink ) the whole

Soft-Spectrum Adaptation (SSA) with Flexible Band Plan

Soft-Spectrum Adaptation (SSA) can correspond freely

(1) Free-Verse Type of SSA

(2) Geometrical Type of SSA

Submissio Slide 10 CRL-UWB Consortium

(1) Free-verse Type Soft-Spectrum Adaptation

K-3 Free-verse Soft-Spectrum Adaptation pulse

K-4 Free-verse Soft-Spectrum Adaptation pulse

(2) Geometrical Type Soft-Spectrum Adaptation

Triangular-type envelope Exponential-type envelope

Cosine-type envelope Gaussian-type envelope

Global Coexistence with other Potential Interferences

 If more potential interferer should be considered, (b) does

Features of Soft-Spectrum Adaptation (SSA)

Harmonization Based on Soft-Spectrum Adaptation

Submissio Slide 15 CRL-UWB Consortium

2. Recent Updates in CRL-UWB

Submissio Slide 16 CRL-UWB Consortium

2.1. Channel Coding and Decoding for SSA:

– Combined iterative demapping/decoding (CIDD) can be achieved

Submissio Slide 17 CRL-UWB Consortium

Combined Iterative Demapping/Decoding (CIDD)

Bit Error Rate

* CIDD (convolutional coding)

Submissio Slide 18 CRL-UWB Consortium

2.2. Soft Spectrum Keying: Pulse Shape

000 001 010 011

Free-verse Type SSA Pulse: Modified

Soft Spectrum Keying: Pulse Shape

Submissio Slide 21 CRL-UWB Consortium

Supported Bit Rates with Soft-Spectrum Keying

Target Outer Inner Channel Coding

55 Mbps*1 62.5 Mbps - BPSK 16 ns 125 Mbps 1/2

*1: 55 Mbps for preamble and PHY/MAC header parts

Submissio Slide 22 CRL-UWB Consortium

2.3. SSA System Performance

frequency time or shape

SSA System Performance (Cont.)

Packet Error Rate

SSA System Performance (Cont.)

Packet Error Rate

2.4. Pre-equalization for Pulse Shape Calibration

X filter antenna channel antenna filter Y

pre-equalizer filter antenna

2.5. Simultaneous Operating Piconets in SSA

Low Band Group (GHz) High Band Group (GHz)

 Multi-band frequency divisions:

 The RS Time-Frequency (RSTF) code has one collision property

Multiple Access Performance of RSTF sequences

single user (no interference) 1 interfering user

Bit Error Rate

Multiple Access Performance (Cont.)

Single user Single user

Bit Error Rate