ADOLESCENCE

THE HIGH SCHOOL

LEARNERS
 ADOLESCENCE

• A period of transition in terms of physical,

cognitive and socio-emotional changes,
Physical transition being particularly coupled
with sexual transformation.
• A period of transition between childhood and
adulthood. It includes some big changestto
body and the way a young people relates to the
world.
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PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF
ADOLESCENCE

☻ The period of
adolescence begins with
biological changes of
puberty and ends with the
role and work of adult life
THREE STAGES OF ADOLESCENCE

• EARLY ADOLESCENCE

☻Characterized by puberty mostly

0ccuring between ages 10-12.
 THREE STAGE OF ADOLESCENCE:

• MIDDLE ADOLESCENCE
☻Characterized by identity issues within the
ages of 14-16.
THREE STAGES OF ADOLESCENCE

• LATE ADOLESCENCE
☻ Marks the transition into adulthood at
ages 17-20.
 PUBERTY CHANGES

• In all cultures, biological changes comprises the major

transition from childhood to early adolescence. This is
manifested by a change in physical appearance, a
more rapid rate of development known as a growth
spurt. The phenomenon commonly result in the feeling
of awkwardness and unfamiliarity with bodily
changes.
 THE GROWTH SPURTS
• The growth spurts condition gradual increases in body size and weight,
but hormones flooding occurs during adolescence causing an acceleration
known as the growth spurt.
• body changes include changes in body dimensions.
• In girls, the growth spurt generally begins at the age of 10 reaching its
peak at age 11 and a half, and decreasing at age 13, while slow continual
growth occurs for several more years. At age 16 and girls reach 98% of
their adult height.
Sexual maturity ( first sign of puberty)
☻Characteristic of stimulated testosterone:
●Growth of testis, scrotum and penis precedes the growth spurt in height.
● first public hair precedes by the appearance of facial hair.
●Ejaculation capacity
●Growth spurt
●Voice change most obvious aspect of adolescents development.
Characteristics of stimulated estrogen

• Breast enlargement accompanied by the growth of the

uterus and vagina
• Appearance of public hair
• Widening of hips
• Growth spurt
Sexual maturity (first sign of puberty)
• MENARCHE
☺ Female’s first menstruation generally achieve
beginning 11 to 11.5 years up to 12 to 12.5 years.
Differ according to ethnicity:
African-American and European-American girls may
exhibit secondary sex characteristics as early 8.87 years
and 9.96 years.
Sexual maturity (first sign of puberty)
• SPERMARCHE
☺signal the first sign of puberty and sexual maturity in boys. At about age
12 or 13, boys.

The need to discharge semen occurs more or less periodically following

pressure caused by the production of seminal fluid by the prostate gland.
Nactural emission or “ wet dream” occur during sleep often caused by the
sexual dreams.
 Adolescents sleeping habit
• Teenagers are not getting enough sleep, and would want more sleep.

• 90% of teenagers of high school student report going to bed later than midnight.

Reasons for lack of sleep:

☻they enjoyed it

☻Too much electronics

☻Socializing with peers

☻homework
Pluses and minuses in early or late maturation
early maturation deserves due consideration, as this can be a factor for adolescent
acceptance and comfort or satisfaction with his/her body image.

Early versus late development Early versus late development

• Early development for females-
• Early development for boys
• More disadvantageous- subject of ridicule;
• Advantage – judged to be socially
higher level of body dissatisfaction
competent, attractive and self-assured.
• Socialization with peer group can lead to
dating, substance use, sexual activity. • Disadvantages- increased risk of earlier
involvement in substance use and problem
• Girls who experience early puberty and early
sex report higher levels of depression behaviors such as bullying, delinquency
 Pluses and minuses in early or late maturation

Early versus late development Early versus late development

• Late development for females- • Late maturation in boys

• advantage- good school
performance
• Disadvantage- some anxiety
• More negative effects- more anxious, less sure of
themselves, more behavior and adjustment
problems, lower achievement test scores
• Positive effect- less likely to use alcohol
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT OF
HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS
What is cognitive development?

• It is the emergence of the ability to think, reason and

understand
• It is said that “adolescence marks the beginning
development of more complex thinking processes
called the formal logical operations”.
• Jean Piaget’s theory has become one of the most
influential theories of cognitive development .
 FORMAL OPERATIONAL STAGE
(11-Adulthood)
• It marks a movement from an ability to think and reason
from concrete visible events to an ability to think
hypothetically; to entertain what- if possibilities to about
the world; develop abstract-thinking and can solve
problems systematically by using abstract concepts.
Formal operational thinking consist in:

• A. Propositional thinking
• B. relativistic thinking
• C. real versus possibilities
SOCIO-EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF
HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS
During adolescence the teen develops social
cognition in the context of family structures,
the school, community and media. Its also
manifests emotion which need to be regulated
for success in school as well as for his/ her
own emotional well being.
 Human emotion
• Human emotion or it commonly known as human feelings that are
manifested by varied conscious or unconscious mood.

• Biologists view that the part of the body which controls emotional
reaction is the automatic nervous system connected to most of the glands
and muscles in the body.
 Parts of the system

SYMPATHETIC PARASYMPATHETIC

●WHICH EXCITES OR ●WHICH DEPRESSES BODY

AROUSES FUNCTION
 EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT

• High school provides young people with the opportunity to form bonds such as
friendship and romantic ties.

• This bonds with friends or romantic ties can help to have a healthy and to
develop our emotions.

-displays self control

-expresses feelings with words

 EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT

- Listen and pay attention

- Pride
- Show affection
- Aware of other peoples feelings and etc.
 Positive emotion Negative emotion
• Like interest and joy motivate the individual to
• May cause to withdrawal from what may be
continue his/her behavior.
perceived as bad or dangerous.
According to Charles Darwin, there are six
emotions: Other scientist expanded the list to
1. Interest
include love, pride, hope, jealousy,
2. Joy/happiness
gratitude, comparison and anxiety.
3. Sadness

4. Anger

5. Disgust

6. fear
 SOCIAL EMOTION

• Start to emerge as early as toddler (15-12 months/ 1-2 years old) comprised by

the feeling as envy, embarrassment, shame, guilt and pride.

• Emotions effect learnings, since learners pay attention to things with emotional

significance.

• Emotions can also recall, the learners tend to remember the details of strong

experience.
 The American academy of pediatrics
seggected the 7C’s of resilience
1. competence- the ability to handle situations effectively.
2. Confidence – the sold belief to one’s own abilities
3. connection- is the close ties to family, friends, school and
community that give children a sense of security and values that
prevent them from seeking destructive alternatives to love and
attention.
4. character- the fundamental sense of right and wrong that helps
children making wise choices, contribute to the world, and become
stable adults.
 7C’s of resilience

5. contribution- entails children’s realization that the world is better place

because they are in it, they will make actions and choices that improve the
world.
6. coping- a mechanism that make the children ditch stress to be better
prepare to overcome life’s changes.
7. control- it is the children’s realization that they can control their decisions
and actions, they’re more likely to know that they have it takes to bounce
back.