ADOLESCENCE

BY: JENIYA SHRESTHA

Contents Page.no

CONTENT PAGE
Acknowledgement -3-
Introduction -4-
Physical , Mental, Social and emotional change -5- to -8-
Objectives -9-
Importance -10-
Common problems and solutions -11- to -12-
Needs and Demands -13-
Limitation of study -14-
Methodology -15-
Information collection [graph] -16-
Information Interpretation/ question link -17- to -27-
Recommendation -28-
Conclusion/ references -29- to -30-
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

• At this instant , projects have been the part of modern teaching – learning course of action. They are
the part of practical learning. This project has helped me to enhance my attitude in develop into issue
stuffs and to do deep study. This project is an immense opportunity to boost our capability to know and
enhance our knowledge on “ Adolescence” and “Problem faced during Adolescence” , “ Needs and
demand of Adolescents”, “Solutions of the problems faced by adolescents”,etc, that I may go through in
this particular time period.
• This project is prepared for the practical fulfilment of ongoing assessment of Third term
examination -2077 of Environment Population and Health education. I would like to express my sincere
gratitude towards Tr. Roshna manandhar and EPH department for assigning this work and my friends
who sincerely cooperated with me during completion of this project .
•
INTRODUCTION ON THE PERIOD OF “ STROM
AND STRESS”

• Adolescence is a period that begins with puberty and ends with the transition to adulthood . According
to WHO, “ Adolescence is the age between 10 to 19 year”. In this stage the early adolescence is said to
be between 10 to 13 years, Middle adolescence is between 14 to 16 years and late adolescence is
between 17 10 19 yrs. It is the most important stage of human stage. It is also known as puberty.
Adolescence is to “grow to maturity”. In this time period Physical changes associated with puberty are
triggered by hormones. The boys and girls of age between 10 to 19 years move from childhood to
adulthood mentally , physically , emotionally , spiritually and socially. It is the most crucial and
transitional period where changes in the development process occurs. It is the time period where the
boy and girls are considered as no more child nor adult.
PHYSICAL CHANGE

Adolescence begins with puberty. While the sequence of physical changes in puberty is predictable, the
onset and pace of puberty vary widely. Several physical changes occur during puberty, such as adrenarche
and gonadarche, the maturing of the adrenal glands and sex glands, respectively. Also during this time,
primary and secondary sexual characteristics develop and mature. Primary sexual characteristics are organs
specifically needed for reproduction, like the uterus and ovaries in females and testes in males. Secondary
sexual characteristics are physical signs of sexual maturation that do not directly involve sex organs, such as
development of breasts and hips in girls, and development of facial hair and a deepened voice in boys.
Girls experience menarche, the beginning of menstrual periods, usually around 12–13 years old, and boys
experience spermarche, the first ejaculation, around 13–14 years old. The boys , girls in this period
develop both internally and externally . At the same time their digestive system , respiratory system ,
circulatory system and body tissues also develop in this stage. The development process in this stage is
influenced by : hereditary , nutrition , climate , immunization , exercise and life styles.
MENTAL CHANGE
• Adolescence is a crucial period for developing and maintaining social and emotional habits important for
mental well-being. Multiple factors determine mental health outcomes. The more risk factors adolescents
are exposed to, the greater the potential impact on their mental health. Factors that can contribute to
stress during adolescence include a desire for greater autonomy, pressure to conform with peers,
exploration of sexual identity, and increased access to and use of technology. Media influence and gender
norms can worsen the disparity between an adolescent’s lived reality and their perceptions or aspirations
for the future. Other important determinants include the quality of their home life and relationships with
peers. Violence and socioeconomic problems are recognized risks to mental health. Children and
adolescents are especially vulnerable to sexual violence, which has a clear association with detrimental
mental health. In this period , memory and imagination power as well as thinking and concentration
power are developed . Analytical skills as well as greater awareness also develop in this time period. But
the negativism in behavior may ruin life, so they need to be provided life management education and
skills for their responsible and better life on time.
EMOTIONAL CHANGE

• With adolescence comes an additional struggle for autonomy and increased time spent with peers and
less time spent with the family. Adolescents become less emotionally dependent on their parents, but
this emotional autonomy often emerges after a period of conflict and increased experience of negative
emotions. Young adolescents often experience more negative affect than younger children, but the
negative affect often decreases during the high school years. However, girls often experience a longer
period of elevated negative affect than boys. Adolescents tend to experience more extreme emotions,
both negative and positive, than their parents even in response to the same event. They feel emotions
such as fear , curiosity , jealousy , joy , grief, etc. In this stage they love to laugh , cry , sit to isolation
,read love story book , see novels etc. They are also aggressive. For the management of the change they
can be involved in extracurricular activities , scouts , etc.
SOCIAL CHANGE

• Many sort of Social changes are observed during the period of adolescence. Some of its traits are to
accept leader ship , friendship , peer group , feeling of responsibility, group activities are developed in
this stage. They are involved in different types of games , sport , competition , cleanliness campaign ,
parties , fairs , celebration . In this period they remain most time with peers . Achievement brings
personal satisfaction in adolescence. In another aspect if members of peer group experiment with
alcohol , drugs , tobacco and other wrong activities having negative impacts then they may also be
driven towards wrong direction. In social change the parental role is very crucial.
OBJECTIVES

• Some of the objectives for doing the project in “Adolescence” are:

• To know about social changes in this period
• To know about emotional changes in this period
• To know about physical changes in this period
• To know about mental changes in this period
• To be well aware about the problems of adolescence and its control measures.
IMPORTANCE

Importance of this study are:

• To be aware and to implement the measures about the problems that arises during adolescence.
• To teach the people in the stage of adolescence how to choose the right path in various aspects.
• It speaks about the adolescence and being a adolescence is an important time of change which
determines the view / perspective of child when s/he grows mature.
 COMMON PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
• Adolescence is a sensitive period of human life where rapid changes in physical , mental , emotional and social aspects occur. Many problems may
arise in this time period such as:
• Peer pressure
- In the period of adolescences the people of the age group like to hang out with their peers meaning friends and have loyalty , trust to wards their
peers rather than parents . So if parents , guardians do not behave according to their expectations then they may feel humiliated and can take wrong
steps. If their friend circle is not good then they might even indulge in unsocial activities lie: drugs addiction , alcohol consumptions, etc.
• Imitation
• In this age adolescents easily imitate action , dressing sense , waking style etc. from their ideal personalities . As they cannot differentiate between
right and wrong in this period imitating the activities they may imitate bad activities as well in order to be like them .
• Sexual abuse
• At this stage physiological , biological changes occurs in body increases their sexual desires . Due to this they are attracted towards opposite sex.
Using dirty words, ragging , bluff calls , rape , etc are common problems in adolescence. Females are mostly vulnerable to this kind of abuse.
• Unsafe sex
• There is adequate secretion of sex hormone in this stage . Adolescents develop tendency of practice in unsafe sexual activities fue to hormones in
the body. This may result into unwanted pregnancy , Hepatitis “B” , HIV and AIDS , social boycott , health in jeopardy , disturbance in mental health.
• Early marriage
• Early marriage refers to marriage before completion of adolescence period. As they are sexually move active they don’t hesitate to get into marriage
but it may adversely affect girls health, education and over all development process. In this age they are not physically mature to beget children .
Early marriage is dangerous to both mother and child.
• The solutions for the problems of adolescents can be:
- Adolescents face many problems and queries on sexual and reproductive health issues. However our
social norms and values discourage to open up about these issues. Due to lack of proper counselling these
problems become worse and unmanageable . In this situation , counselling and service should be provided
as they make them clear about issues and problems like: Wet dream , unsafe sex , sexual abuse , unwanted
pregnancy , STIs , HIV/AIDS , early marriage , peer pressure , contraception , menarche ,etc. These services
can be provided by parents and teachers as well. Similarly , other wonderful services except counselling
can be received from reproductive health clinics. To avoid various adolescents problems these guidance
and problems should be accessible to all.
NEEDS | DEMANDS
• During the transitional period between childhood to adulthood. The adolescents have various needs and demands
that they want to be addressed. Some of the needs and demands are:
• Adolescents want their identity
• They expect that parents and teachers should understand their needs and problems
• They demand adequate time and attention from parents
• They want their involvement to make necessary decisions regarding their own problems.
• They do not like any kind of pressure.
• They expect suggestions and explanation from their parents and teachers at private level.
• They need openness and threats from their parents and elders.
• They do not expect any kind of discrimination from parents and teachers.
LIMITATION OF STUDY

• The study on “ Problems faced by Adolescents” has few limitations. This research was based under
certain limitations which could not explore much aspects. If could explore beyond limitations than it
could have made the project more interesting. Some limitations are:
• Due to the global pandemic going on we could not survey much people and only go through certain
number of problems.
• This project had its typical type which was simple survey due to which it could not go through other
resources.
However, What ever the limitations were it has resulted into excellence. These limitations have
resulted into certain and limited number of sources exploration but those flaws has shown the project in
much excellence.
METHODOLOGY {PRIMARY , SECONDARY}
• There are basically two types of study . They are primary and secondary sources. This project emphasizes on collecting
data through sample survey which lies on primary sources.
Primary sources are the sources that contains the first-hand observation / information of any event. It includes
eyewitness and face- to – face experience observed directly by a person.
Secondary sources are the sources that have been articulated and prepared by others . It includes journals, written
documents ,etc.
Sample survey is a process of collecting , compiling , evaluating , analyzing and publishing demographic , economic and
social data about the sample population at a specified time that help to conclude the general behavior of the entire
population. It is conducted by sample objectives , selecting populations , data analysis plan , develop a survey , pre-testing
the survey , implementation of survey and data analysis. It is an important of quality as data obtained through sample
survey is better and reliable than census. It is also used to get required data or information through questionnaires .
Measuring the Pros and cons as Pros of sample survey are more I am using Sample survey as a tool for my research.
INFORMATION COLLECTION[ GRAPH]

10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Do you have Do you want to Do you ever Do you get lost Do you find it Do you feel Do you have Do you Do you get
constant mood stay alone? feel no one in your own difficult to under trust issues? hesitate to ask overwhelmed
swings? understands thoughts and open up in pressure? help of elders? some times?
you? day dreame? front of your
parents?

Yes No May be
 Do you have constant mood swings?

INFORMATION INTERPRETATION

yes
As shown in the pie chart among the 10 people who were in the stage of adolescent i.e.10 years to 19 years,
were asked the question that if they have constant mood swings. The response we got is positive . It shows that
during this transitional phase of period the people in the adolescent age tend to have constant mood swings like:
feeling of anger , happiness , confusion , sad. In this time parents should help in possible ways and the people in
this stage should engage in creative works and practice calm activities like meditation.
 Do you stay alone?

Yes No

• As shown in the pie chart among the 10 people who were in the stage of adolescent i.e.10 years to 19
years, were asked the question that if they want to stay alone . In response we found that Among 10 , 9
people like to stay alone while 1 don’t. The majority like to stay alone. From this survey we found that
during this time period people in adolescence stage like to stay isolated and are less socialized
 Do you ever feel that no one understands you?

Yes No 3rd Qtr

• As shown in the pie chart among the 10 people who were in the stage of adolescent i.e.10 years to 19 years, were
asked the question that if they ever feel that no one understand them. In response we found that among the 10
surveyed 8 felt that no one understood them while 4 of them didn’t. However, the majority felt no one understood
them. Adolescence is a transitional period where the adolescents are neither child nor adult hence, they may feel
that no one understands them due to difference in generation and lack of people of the particular age group in
family. Hence, in this time period they need parents special care and support.
 Do you get lost in your own thoughts and day dream?

• As shown in the pie chart among the 10 people who were in the stage of adolescent i.e.10 years to 19
Yes No
years, were asked the question that , if they get lost in their own thoughts and day dream. In response
we got that 8 people day dream while 2 people don’t. The majority says that they get lost in their own
thoughts and day dream. In this period the adolescents mostly like to think about their life , future ,
career , crush and dream about what their life would be.
 Do you find it difficult to open up in front of your parents?

Yes No

• As shown in the pie chart among the 10 people who were in the stage of adolescent i.e.10 years to 19 years, were
asked the question that if they find it difficult to open up in front of parents. In response we got positive response.
Out of 10 , 10 people i.e 100 % finds difficult to open up in front of their parents. The main reason for it may be lack
of people of same age group in family and lack of attention / understanding of parents. In some cases even if parents
are understanding children are uneasy to open up. Hence, they need counselling and understanding behavior.
 Do you feel under pressure?

Yes No

As shown in the pie chart among the 10 people who were in the stage of adolescent i.e.10 years to 19 years, were asked
the question that , if they feel under pressure. To this questions 8 response were positive while 4 were negative. In this
case the majorities answer is positive. Nowadays, The adolescents may be in pressure because of the competitive society
and wanting to prove them better than others. The may also have been compared with their peers rather than them
selves. In this case parents must encourage them to be better version of themselves and appreciate their efforts.
 Do you have trust issues?

Yes No
• As shown in the pie chart among the 10 people who were in the stage of adolescent i.e.10 years to 19
years, were asked the question that , If they have trust issues. The response for this question was
among 10 , 9 were positive and 1 was negative. In adolescence period the adolescents find it difficult to
differentiate between right and wrong. Hence, they end up trusting wrong people . So, they may have
some trust issues.
 Do you hesitate to ask help of elders?

Yes No Maybe

• As shown in the pie chart among the 10 people who were in the stage of adolescent i.e.10 years to 19
years, were asked the question that ,if they hesitate to ask for help with elders. Among 10, 4 responded
with yes , 4 with maybe and 2 with no. How ever, comparing the results the positive and maybe response is
equal and higher than that of No . It shows that adolescents are and may hesitate to ask help of elders
because adolescents may feel uncomfortable discussing their problems with elders and they may be trying
to prove themselves capable in front of elders .
 Do you get overwhelmed some times?

Yes No

• As shown in the pie chart among the 10 people who were in the stage of adolescent i.e.10 years to 19 years,
were asked the question that , If they get overwhelmed with emotions some time. In response we got 9
positive response and 1 negative response. Comparing the positive response were higher than that of
negative response. Adolescence period is a transitional period were the adolescents have constant mood
swings and want to prove them selves . Hence, they might be overwhelmed by emotions sometimes. In this
state parents should be understanding and adolescents should try to express their feelings.
QUESTION NO. 10 AND 11

• Do you have any insecurities ?

• What are the changes you are facing in adolescence phase?
• - When asked these questions of Question no. 10 the answer for insecurities were weights , looks, body
type, height , self doubt, my loved ones.
• In Question no.11 the answers were answered , the challenges faced were: facial hair, height increased ,
voice changing , voice deepening , overthinking , can’t express my true feeling , annoyed with little
things , anxiety , change of interest , weight increase , enlargement of breast , growth of arm pit hair
and pubic hair, unable to socialize.
QUESTION LINK

• https://forms.office.com/Pages/ResponsePage.aspx?
id=3q5E8qc0MEGngpUT85ew7ltA9o4WFX5HsyuhQwqzPidUOVgwNUxPTkgxUk02TlFVWkFJMzBJSjBPNy4
u
RECOMMENDATION

This research could not go beyond the sample survey as the main tool for the project was sample survey. Due to
the global pandemic the problems of many adolescents could not be discussed .Like wise, this project could not
focus on solutions mainly as the project was itself based on “Problems faced by Adolescents”.
If any body is going to do research in this Topic I recommend going through and mentioning the things
mentioned above to make their project better and more informative.
CONCLUSION

• It was wonderful learning experience for me while working in this period. This project gave me real
insight of Adolescence and the feeling they feel , needs and demands of Adolescents even though, I am
in the particular age . I learned about the ways to solve some problems I am facing , I learned that not
only me but others also are facing same type of problems, needs and demands of adolescence period ,
reason behind those problems , etc
• Over all, this period was really informative and I have enjoyed every bit of it. Summing up the
learning , I learned about the adolescence in whole from this project.
REFERENCES

• World health organization.com

• Readmore grade 9 EPH book.
• Khulla kitab.com
• Mental help.net
• Raisingchildren.net.au
• Britannica.com