Professional Documents
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Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–3
Introduction
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–4
Introduction (cont.)
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–5
Introduction (cont.)
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–6
Introduction (cont.)
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–7
Accountants and the Public
Sector
Before being tabled in Parliament, all financial statements are required to be audited by the Auditor General.
In the context of the Malaysian public sector, it is the responsibility of the Accountant General to ensure that the receipt
and payment systems are adequate and reliable and meet the standards required to secure public moneys and ensure
accountability.
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–8
Accountants and the Public
Sector (cont.)
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–9
Accountants and the Public
Sector (cont.)
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–10
Accountants and the Public
Sector (cont.)
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–11
IPSAS Conceptual Framework
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–12
IPSAS Conceptual Framework
(cont.)
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–13
IPSAS Conceptual Framework
(cont.)
MPSASs
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–14
IPSAS Conceptual Framework
(cont.)
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–15
IPSAS Conceptual Framework
(cont.)
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–16
IPSAS Conceptual Framework
(cont.)
Information Needs of
Service Recipients and
Resource Providers
Reasons for
financial
reporting in the
public sector ;
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–17
IPSAS Conceptual Framework
(cont.)
Non-exchange Transactions
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–18
IPSAS Conceptual Framework
(cont.)
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–19
Basis of Accounting
revenues that are recorded on the date cash is received; revenues and expenses are recorded on the date they
and expenses are recorded on the date cash is paid. are occurred whether there is exchange of cash or not
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–20
Basis of Accounting (cont.)
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–21
Basis of Accounting (cont.)
Cash Basis
The cash basis - an accounting basis that only reports on
cash balances and cash flows (inward and outward). It
measures cash flows at the time accounting transactions
actually take place.
This basis does not follow the matching concept.
Depreciation of assets is not provided for, which causes
cash accounting to tend to hide basic information e.g.
missing information relating to fixed assets, debtors and
creditors.
Assets are written off in the year of purchase.
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–22
Basis of Accounting (cont.)
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–23
Basis of Accounting (cont.)
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–24
Basis of Accounting (cont.)
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–25
Basis of Accounting (cont.)
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–26
Basis of Accounting (cont.)
Accrual Accounting
In accrual accounting, revenues and expenses are
recorded when they are earned, regardless of when the
money is actually received or paid.
a well-accepted method of accounting worldwide and is
mainly used in the private sector. Increasingly, the public
sector is also moving towards accrual accounting as it
helps governments to obtain a better picture of the
performance of their policies.
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–27
Basis of Accounting (cont.)
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–28
Basis of Accounting (cont.)
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–29
Basis of Accounting (cont.)
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–30
Basis of Accounting (cont.)
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–31
Fund Accounting System
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–32
Fund Accounting System
(cont.)
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–33
Fund Accounting System
(cont.)
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–34
Fund Accounting System
(cont.)
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–35
Fund Accounting System
(cont.)
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–36
Fund Accounting System
(cont.)
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–37
Fund Accounting System
(cont.)
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–38
Fund Accounting System
(cont.)
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–39
Fund Accounting System
(cont.)
Consolidated Fund
Allgovernment revenues and moneys received have to
be accounted for into a fund, known as the Consolidated
Fund.
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–40
Fund Accounting System
(cont.)
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–41
Fund Accounting System
(cont.)
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–42
Fund Accounting System
(cont.)
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–43
Fund Accounting System
(cont.)
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–44
Accounting Systems in the
Malaysian Public Sector
An integrated centralized
Starting from accounting system to further
1 June 2018 Develop accrual accounting
at the national level.
An accounting system
that was used by the
Accountant General’s
Department since
Developed to further
2006.
strengthen the government’s
Capable of facilitating payment process and also to
financial planning, account for government
budget control and revenue collections
government more efficiently
accounting.
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–45
Accounting Systems in the
Malaysian Public Sector (cont.)
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–46
Accounting Systems in the
Malaysian Public Sector (cont.)
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–47
Accounting Systems in the
Malaysian Public Sector (cont.)
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–48
Accounting Systems in the
Malaysian Public Sector (cont.)
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–49
Accounting Systems in the
Malaysian Public Sector (cont.)
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–50
Federal vs State Accounting
System
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–51
Federal vs State Accounting
System
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–52
Federal vs State Accounting
System
Public Sector Accounting Governance and Accountability in the Malaysian All Rights Reserved
Context 5–54