INTRO TO COMPUTING

TOPIC:
Computer and
History
• It is an electronic and programmable device which
consists of several components that provide the
capability of executing a stored program.
• It accepts data, processes, store and produce results.
CAPABILITIE
S
and

LIMITATION
 CAPABILITIES OF COMPUTER
• They have the ability to perform certain logic operations.
• They can process information very fast and accurate results.
• Computers can stores large amount of data and retrieve
information
• They have self-checking ability and control errors.
• Computer can be used to communicate other people anywhere.
 LIMITATIONS OF COMPUTER
• Computer needs to be directed and controlled in order to
perform a task successfully.
• They are vulnerable to virus that may cause to damage to hard
disk contents.
• They accept data but cannot identify which is wrong and right
data.
• They cannot produce their own information.
HISTORY
 Abacus
• Early aid for mathematical operations.
• The normal method of calculation using
this device was by using this device by
counting the beads by moving them up or
down towards the tray.
• ABACIST – user of abacus
• ABAX – Greek word, meaning
calculating table
 Arithmetic Engine
• The arithmetic engine also known
as Pascaline.
• It is a calculator invented by
Blaise Pascal, capable of adding
and subtracting 8 numbers.
 Blaise Pascal
• Blaise Pascal was a French
mathematician, physicist, inventor,
writer and philosopher.
• He was a child prodigy who was
educated by his father, a tax
collector.
 Stepped Reckoner
• The step reckoner was a digital mechanical calculator.
• Invented by a German mathematician Gottfried
Wilhelm Leibnitz around 1672 and completed in 1694.
• The name comes from the translation of the German
term for its operating mechanism; stafflewalze
meaning “stepped drum”.
• It was the first calculator that could perform all four
arithmetic operations: addition, subtraction,
multiplication and division
 Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibnitz
• Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibnitz
was a German mathematician who
developed the stepped reckoner.
• He extended Blaise Pascal’s ideas
 Jacquard’s Loom
• The first successful automatic loom
machine controlled by punched card
• Invented
by JOSEPH MARIE
JACQUARD.
• The instruction of the machine could be
change by inserting different punched
cards into the loom.
JOSEPH MARIE JACQUARD
• French inventor who was
working in the textile
industry and involved in
designing cloths and
making patterns.
 DIFFERENCE ENGINE
• A calculator that can compute
table of functions such as
polynomial, logarithmic and
trigonometric.
• Invented by Charles Babbage.
 ANALYTICAL ENGINE
• This machine has the
capability to compute,
compare the value and
choose which instruction
should come first.
 CHARLES BABBAGE
• English mathematician and
inventor
• Father of computer
 LADY AUGUSTA ADA KING
• First female computer programmer
• Assistant of Charles Babbage in
developing Analytical Engine.
 TABULATING MACHINE
• Dr. Herman Hollerith
developed the first commercial
data processing machine use to
automate the 1890 U.S census.
• His device has the ability to
automatically read information
with the use of punched card.
 PUNCHED CARD
• Is a thick paper contains
holes in a predefined
position which represent a
digital information.
• It is also called the IBM
Card or Hollerith Card.
 DR. HERMAN HOLLERITH
• Dr. Herman Hollerith worked at the
U.S. Census,and from his experienced
during the processing of the
processing of that census he observed
that Census Office very much needed
a better way to tabulate the data than
manual method.
 CRT MONITOR
• Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
Monitor appeared.
• It was invented was invented
by a Russian
Immigrant,Vladimir Zworykin.
 IA C
E N
ELECTRONIC NUMERICAL INTEGRATOR AND CALCULATOR

• The first general purpose electronic digital computer developed

by John Mauchly and John Eckert.
• It can perform 5,000 additions of ten digit numbers within one
second.However,it could only hold 20 ten digit numbers at an its
memory.
 A C
E DVELECTRONIC DISCRETE VARIABLE AUTOMATIC COMPUTER

• The successor of ENIAC, designed by John Von Neuman and

Mauchly and Eckert. It is considered the first stored program
concept computer. This machine can hold any program in its
memory that was fed to it.
 FIRST FLOPPY DISK
• A group of IBM engineers le by Alan Shugart developed the first
floppy disk also known as memory disk,
• an 18-inch made of plastic disk coated with magnetic iron oxide.
• It was used to store and exchange data.
 FIRST MOUSE
• The first computer mouse was
develop and invented by Douglas
Engelbart. His invention was
patented in late 1963.
• The first pointing device was
made of carved wood casing and
has only the button.
 FIRST PERSONAL COMPUTER
• The first desktop size system
purposely designed for
personal use materialize in
1974 offered by Ed Roberto of
Micro Instrumentation
Telemetry Systems (MITS).The
computer was called ALTAIR.
 KEYBOARD

• The modern keyboard layout which is the QWERTY was invented

by Christopher Latham
ELEMENTS
OF COMPUTER
Elements of computer

• Hardware
• Software
• People ware
Elements of Computer

HARDWARE

• Hardware is the tangible part of the computers in which

we use to interact with the programs inside the computer.
• Example:
mouse, printers, monitor, microphone and
others.
Elements of Computer

HARDWARE

• CATEGORIES
 Input devices
Output devices
 Central Processing Unit
 Storage
Elements of Computer

Input Device

• devices that allows the user to enter information

and instruction into a computer.
Elements of Computer

Mouse

• A pointing device used to

control the movement of
an object on the computer
screen called the cursor, or
pointer.
Elements of Computer

Keyboard

• A set of keys used to input information to a

computer.
Elements of Computer

Touchscreen

Is a display screen that

allows user to interact with
the system by touching
specific areas of the screen.
Elements of Computer

Output Device

• devices that can bring out or display information

from the computer to the user.
Elements of Computer

Monitor

• Used to display
things and images
which we perform on
a computer.
Elements of Computer

Printer

• A device used to
print information
from the computer.
Elements of Computer

Speaker

• It produce sound that

allows you to hear
music, voice and
other sound from the
computer.
Elements of Computer

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

• The CPU is the part of a computer in

which operations are controlled and
executed.
• CPU is the brain of the computer where
most calculation take place.
• In terms of computing power, the CPU is
the most important element of a computer
system.
Elements of Computer

Storage

• The computer’s data storage is used for storing and

reading information.
• It is divided into primary and secondary storage.
• It is a core function and fundamental components of
computers.
Elements of Computer

Primary Storage

• Primary Storage (also known as main memory or

internal memory), often referred to simply as memory, is
the only one directly accessible to the CPU.
Elements of Computer

RAM
RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY

A kind of memory card that

stores information but when
the computer power is off, the
data stored in this memory is
loses and cleared out.
Elements of Computer

ROM
READ ONLY MEMORY

A memory card that saves

information and retains its
content even when the
computer is turned off.
Elements of Computer

Secondary Storage

• Secondary Storage (also known as external memory

or auxiliary storage), differs from primary storage in
that is not directly accessible by the CPU.
• It is capable of storing large amount of data and stored
its content permanently.
Elements of Computer

USB Flash drive

• A small, portable flash memory card
that plugs into a computer's USB port
and functions as a portable hard
drive.
• It is removable and rewritable and
physically much smaller than a
floppy disk but can hold gigabytes of
Elements of Computer

Floppy Disk
• Also called a diskette, is a disk storage
medium composed of a disk of thin and
flexible magnetic storage medium,
sealed in a rectangular plastic carrier
lined with fabric that removes dust
particles.
• The most common disk is the 3 .
Elements of Computer

Optical Disc

• An optical disc (OD) is a

flat, usually circular disc
which encodes binary
data.4.7 inches.
Elements of Computer

Other Peripheral Devices

• System Unit – also known as a base unit is the main body

of a desktop computer, typically consisting of metal or
(rarely) plastic that protects the internal electric
components such as motherboard, cooling fans, power
supply, and memory.
Elements of Computer

Other Peripheral Devices

• Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS) – also known as

a continuous power supply or a battery backup device
which maintains a continuous supply of electric power
to connect equipment by supplying power from a
separate source when utility power is not available.
Elements of Computer

Other Peripheral Devices

• Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) – device that

can control output voltage of generator by
controlling its excitation current.
Elements of Computer

SOFTWARE

• Software - is a collection of instructions that tell a computer

how to work. This is in contrast to hardware, from which
the system is built and actually performs the work
• CATEGORIES
 Application Software
 System Software
 APPLICATION SOFTWARE
• A set of programs used to solve and meet particular problems of user
through computer. It is a software that able to manipulate text, numbers
and graphics.
Application software is divided into category:
1. Multimedia and Graphics Development Application – an application
that enable user to artistically model and design buildings, posters, flyers
other form of advertisement and much more.
Example: Autocad, MS Publisher, Photoshop and MS Movie Maker
 2. Entertainment Application – software includes interactive games,
videos, and other programs designed to provide amusement.
Example: MS Media Center and Word of Warcraft

3. Communications Applications – software used to exchange information

electronically. It is most commonly used software to send and receive
information on the internet.
Example: MS Outlook, Mozilla Firefox, Yahoo Messenger and Skype

4.Personal Productivity Application – Most common used software by an

individual in performing basic task like creating letters, reports and alike.
Example: MS Word, MS Excel, MS PowerPoint, MS Paint and MS Access
 SYSTEM SOFTWARE
• Is a set of program that control computers internal operations and devices
attached on it.It creates links between user and computer s well as controls
the execution of application programs
Examples of system software:
1. Operating System – a program that manages the whole operations of the
computer system, allocates computer’s resources such as CPU, memory,
input/output devices. It acts as the internal government.
Example: Windows 98, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista and
Windows 7
2. Utility Programs – a program that performs a specific task related to the
management of computer function, resources, or files as password
protection, memory management and virus protection.
Example: Norton Antivirus and Avira Antivir
PEOPLEWARE

Are the people who use the computer system. It may refer to anything
that has to do with the role of people during in the development or user
of computer software and hardware systems, including software
developer, computer programmer, system analyst, computer technician
and encoder. They are the most important element in a computer system
because they operate the program the computer to make it useful.