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Series and Parallel Reliability

1. Series reliability refers to components connected sequentially where failure of one component causes failure of the entire system. The overall reliability is calculated by multiplying the individual component reliabilities. 2. Parallel reliability refers to components arranged in multiple paths such that the system functions as long as one component remains operational. The overall reliability is calculated as 1 minus the probability that all components fail. 3. Reliability analysis must consider both series and parallel configurations as systems often contain elements of both to balance reliability and redundancy.

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3K views6 pages

Series and Parallel Reliability

1. Series reliability refers to components connected sequentially where failure of one component causes failure of the entire system. The overall reliability is calculated by multiplying the individual component reliabilities. 2. Parallel reliability refers to components arranged in multiple paths such that the system functions as long as one component remains operational. The overall reliability is calculated as 1 minus the probability that all components fail. 3. Reliability analysis must consider both series and parallel configurations as systems often contain elements of both to balance reliability and redundancy.

Uploaded by

Shubham More
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Series and Parallel Reliability

One of the major activities within reliability engineering is to understand the


Total system Reliability for a large and complex product or process.
Thus system reliability can be considered as a combination of all the individual
reliabilities associated with the components or subsystems within product or
process.
Thus we can have system with
1. Series reliability
2. Parallel reliability
3. Mixed reliability
Series Reliability

Definition: Series reliability refers to a configuration in which components or elements


within a system are connected in a sequential manner, where the failure of any single
component results in the failure of the entire system.

Component 1 Component 2 Component 3 Component 4

Characteristics:
● Components are arranged sequentially, one after another.
● The reliability of the system in series is dependent on the reliability of each individual
component in the series.
● Failure of any component leads to the failure of the entire system.
● Reliability calculations in series involve multiplying the reliabilities of individual
components to determine the overall system reliability
Examples:

1. Aircraft landing system

Structural Braking Hydraulic Retraction Control and


elements system components mechanism Monitoring

99.5% 99% 98% 98.5% 99%

Series System Reliability = Rsystem = R1 x R2 x R3 x R4 X ……. Rn


System Reliability: 0.995 x 0.99 x 0.98 x 0.985 x 0.99 = 94.13%
Parallel Reliability

Definition: Parallel reliability refers to a configuration where components within a system are
arranged in such a way that the system functions as long as at least one of the parallel components
remains operational.

Characteristics: Sub-sys 1
● Components are arranged in multiple paths or
branches, operating independently.
● The system functions if at least one of the parallel Sub-sys 2
components remains functional.
● Failure of one component in parallel does not Start End
immediately affect the functionality of other Sub-sys 3
components.
● Reliability calculations in parallel involve determining
the probability of at least one component functioning Sub-sys 4
properly.
Examples:

1. Parallel Fuel Tanks in Aircraft: Aircraft often have multiple fuel


Sub-sys 1
tanks interconnected to maintain balance and ensure continuous fuel Rel. = 0.90
supply. If one tank has issues, others compensate.
2. Backup Generators in Hospitals: Hospitals often have multiple Sub-sys 2
Rel. = 0.90
backup generators interconnected in parallel to ensure continuous
Start End
power during outages. If one generator fails, others provide Sub-sys 3
power. Rel. = 0.90
Parallel System Reliability = RSystem = 1 -(U1 x U2 x U3 x ….. Un )
Where U = 1 - R = Unreliability = 1 - 0.90 = 0.1
Sub-sys 4
RSystem = 1 - (0.10 x 0.10 x 0.10 x 0.10 ) Rel. = 0.90
RSystem = 99.99 %
Combined system Example:
Automotive Brake System:
Brake System Components in Series: The brake pedal, brake booster, brake lines, brake calipers etc
Redundant Braking Mechanisms: Many modern vehicles have redundant or parallel braking systems. For example, Anti-lock
Braking Systems (ABS) operate independently from the primary brake system.

0.5

0.85
0.85 0.5 0.95

0.85

0.5 R2 = 1 - ( 0.15 x 0.15 ) = 0.978

R1 = 1 - (0.5 x 0.5 x 0.5 ) = 0.875

Rsystem = 0.85 x 0.875 x 0.978 x 0.95 = 0.69

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