2.

3
CHEMISTRY
OF WATER
WEEK 4
PERIOD 1
PA G E 2 7
P R E PA R E D B Y M R S .
RULA EL KARMI
 Learning Outcomes
Describe the chemical structure of water.

The subcomponents of a biological molecules

determine the properties of that molecule.

Describe the polarity of water

molecules and their hydrogen bonding.

PREPARED BY RULA EL KARMI

 Learning Outcomes

Life is like riding a bicycle, to

keep your balance you must keep
moving.

PREPARED BY RULA EL KARMI

My new scientific terms
• Electronegativity
• Polar covalent bond

• Hydrogen bond

PREPARED BY RULA EL KARMI

• Electronegativity
The ability to attract electrons.

• Polar covalent bond

The atoms on either side of the bond have a
partial and opposite charge

PREPARED BY RULA EL KARMI

 • Water molecule is composed of two main elements,
oxygen and hydrogen, in a 1:2 ratio respectively.

• Q1-What is the type of bond

that forms between oxygen
and hydrogen atoms in the
same molecule of water?
• Polar covalent bonds
• Draw the electron model of
water molecule on your
notebook.
PREPARED BY RULA EL KARMI
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qNZvYgb_954
While watching the video answer the following questions:
1. Which atom has a greater affinity for the electrons?
2. In water molecules the covalent bond is; polar or nonpolar?
3. Which atom in the water molecule is slightly negative
charge_______________ and which atoms are slightly positive
charge_______________
4. What is the name of the bond that generated between slightly
negative and slightly positive atoms?
5. Why is it important for water to have hydrogen bonds?
PREPARED BY RULA EL KARMI
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qNZvYgb_954

This video
is repeated
in case the
link did not
open

PREPARED BY RULA EL KARMI

While watching the video answer the following questions:
1- Which atom has a greater affinity for the electrons?
Oxygen
2- In water molecules the covalent bond is; polar or nonpolar?
Polar covalent bond
3- Which atom in the water molecule is slightly negative
oxygen
charge_______________ and which atoms are slightly positive
hydrogen
charge_______________
What is the name of the bond that generated between slightly
negative and slightly positive atoms?
Hydrogen bond
PREPARED BY RULA EL KARMI
 Q2-Explain the reason of partially negative and partially
positive charges of Oxygen & Hydrogen?
In the covalent bond between oxygen and
hydrogen in water molecule;
1. Oxygen atom has a greater
electronegativity.
2. Shared electrons spend more time
orbiting the oxygen thus forms a partially
negative charge.
3. Hydrogen atoms has weaker
electronegativity.
4. Shared electrons spend less time orbiting
the hydrogen thus forms a partially
positive charge.
PREPARED BY RULA EL KARMI
• The shape of a water molecule and its polarity
result in the formation of hydrogen bonds.

Oxygen has
slight negative
charge

Hydrogen has
slight positive
charge
PREPARED BY RULA EL KARMI
 Q3-Define the hydrogen bond in water?
• Hydrogen bond
Is a weak attraction between a slightly positive
hydrogen atom and a slightly negative oxygen atom.

PREPARED BY RULA EL KARMI

Q4- What are the properties of hydrogen bonding?
1. Hydrogen bond Is not unique to water; other biological
molecules such as DNA, have polar covalent bonds
involving an electropositive hydrogen and usually an
electronegative oxygen or Nitrogen.
2. hydrogen bond is weaker than an ionic or covalent bond.
3. hydrogen bonds are more easily broken than the other
bonds.
4. A hydrogen bond can occur between atoms of different
molecules or within the same molecule.
PREPARED BY RULA EL KARMI
 Q5-Why is it important for water to have hydrogen
bonds?
Hydrogen bonds give water its unique properties such as
specific heat capacity, surface tension, etc.

PREPARED BY RULA EL KARMI

Q7-On your notebook draw and label:
a) the hydrogen bond
b) the covalent bond

PREPARED BY RULA EL KARMI

 • Write this question on your notebook

Q8- Which substances attract water molecules?

• Polar and ionic substances.
• Since water is a polar molecule and has charges, it is
attracted to other substances with charges. Nonpolar
substances do not have charges and therefore do not
attract water.

PREPARED BY RULA EL KARMI

 1. Describe hydrogen bond.
A hydrogen bond is caused by the
attraction of a slightly positive
hydrogen to a slightly negative
atom in the vicinity .
2. How many atoms are present in water
molecule? What is the ratio?
Three atoms: one oxygen atom and
two hydrogen atoms, 1:2
Let us 3. What is the type of bond between
the atoms of same water molecule?
check: Covalent bond.
4. What is the type of bond between
water molecules?
Hydrogen bond.
PREPARED BY RULA EL KARMI
Recommendation:
• You need to watch this video at home to have clearer
understanding.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5EZw-I65Q0A

PREPARED BY RULA EL KARMI