VOLCANOES

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Describe the different
types of volcanoes and
volcanic eruption
What is A Volcano?
~An opening in the earth's crust through
which molten lava, ash, and gases are
ejected.
~A similar opening on the surface of another
planet.
~A mountain formed by the materials ejected
from a volcano.

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The types Of Volcanoes
~ Shield Volcano
~ Cinder Cone Volcano
~ Composite Volcano
~ Caldera Volcano
~ Fissure Volcano
Shield volcanoes can span across hundreds of
miles and they can be huge vertically that they
can reach the clouds of earth very easy. Shield
volcanoes have a slow slope and consist of
frozen lava after it is hardened. Shield volcanoes
almost always have large craters at their summit.
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Cinder cone volcanoes consist of mostly loose, grainy
cinders and have very little to no lava. Cinder cone
volcanoes are normally small about a miles span and
about one thousand feet vertically. Cinder cone
volcanoes have fairly steep slopes and normally have
a small crater at the top.
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Composite volcanoes have another name called
“Strato Volcanoes.” Composite volcanoes
consist of lava that is mixed with sand or gravel
which in turn creates cinders or volcanic ash.

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Caldera volcanoes are circular depressions in the
ground over a magma chamber. Sometimes the
depression in Caldera volcanoes are covered in with
lava and volcanic ash making it hard to recognize.
This type of volcano is easier noticed from space due
to the distance and view point. When this volcano
erupts it can spew volcanic rocks for miles and miles.

http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/volcanoes/vtypesvolcan1.html
Fissure volcanoes are also hard to recognize from the
ground and sometimes from space. Fissure volcanoes
have no main crater, the ground just splits and lava
pours out through the cracks. After a fissure volcano
erupts and has cooled because it’s a solid it will look
mainly like the plains.
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Types Of Magma
Granite magma consist of light-colored
rock and is not as heavy as basalt magma.
Granite magma is very sticky and flows
rather slowly.
Basalt magma consist of dark-colored rocks
and is much heavier then granite magma. It
flows more fluidly then molten granite.
Volcano Environments
~In an island-arc environment, volcanoes lie
along the crest of an arcuate.
~In an oceanic environment, volcanoes are
aligned along the crest of a broad ridge that
marks an active fracture system in the oceanic
crust.
~In the continental environment, volcanoes are
located unstable, mountainous belts that have
thick roots of granite or granite like rock.
 Where are volcanoes likely to
occur?
Volcanoes occur in weak spots in the earth’s crust
There are many volcanoes along the Pacific Ocean.
Many islands in the Pacific Ocean are actually
volcanoes. They form a ring around the ocean
which is called the “Pacific Belt of Fire.”
Although there are some other “belts of fire”, the
“Pacific Belt of Fire” is the biggest.
There are approximately five hundred active
volcanoes, that are known, lying in these belts.
Volcanoes In Other Places
Mariner 9 imagery of
Olympus Mons volcano
on Mars

Volcanoes aren’t just a thing from earth they also happen on

other planets as seen in this picture. But while on other planets
there is no destruction as we have seen from volcanoes on
earth.
 When and how do eruptions occur?
Steam and gases from magma in the earth create
bubbles that expand and burst when the pressure
above them is lessened. These bubbles usually burst
with a tremendous force that along with escaping
gas comes magma too. In some cases, it takes years
for the magma to break through the surface of the
earth.The first recorded eruption was in 781 (Fuji,
Honshu, Japan)The most recent recorded eruption was
in 2002 (Etna, Sicily, Italy)
 Why do eruptions occur?

Eruptions occur when underground

pressure is
released when blocks of the earth’s
crust shift.
For example, earthquakes.
Damages
The most devastating destruction from volcanoes
is the tremendous loss of life. Following an
eruption in 1815, there were 56 000 people killed
by a tidal wave from a eruption. Lava from the
volcano is hot enough to catch everything in its path
on fire, even the ash from a volcano is hot enough
to start fires. Lahar can wash away houses and
uproot trees. Magma can give off poisonous gases
such as carbon monoxide. Damages from
volcanoes are very expensive to repair or replace.
Our Own Model Of An Erupting
Volcano
Works Cited
“Volcano.” The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company

Chris Kreger “Exploring The Environment of Volcanoes.”

http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/volcanoes/vtypesvolcan1.html

“Volcano.” Britannica Encyclopedia 2003 ed.

Works Cited Continued
Carroll, Michael. Volcanoes and Earthquakes. Chariot Victor Publishing, March 1997

http://www.volcanoworld.org/
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