UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO

Theoretical
Perspectives on
Learning
 Learning Theories
Theoretical perspectives on learning are
frameworks or models that provide insights into
how learning occurs and the factors that
influence it. These perspectives help educators
and researchers understand the nature of
learning and inform teaching practices. Here are
some of the key theoretical perspectives on
learning.
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 Learning Theories
Behaviorism
Behaviorism views learning as a process of acquiring new
behaviors through conditioning and reinforcement. It
emphasizes observable behaviors and the role of the
environment in shaping learning.
Key Figures: John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner, Ivan Pavlov
Key Concepts: Classical and operant conditioning, rewards,
punishments, stimuli, responses

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 Learning Theories
Behaviorism
Appropriate Technology:
Computer-Based Training (CBT): Interactive software
programs that provide immediate feedback.
Gamification: Using game elements to reinforce desired
behaviors.
Response Systems (Clickers): Immediate feedback for
student responses.

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 Learning Theories
Cognitivism
Cognitivism focuses on the mental processes involved in
learning, including memory, perception, problem-solving, and
information processing. It emphasizes the role of internal
cognitive structures and schemas.
Key Figures: Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky, Jerome Bruner
Key Concepts: Cognitive development, information
processing, schemas, cognitive load, scaffolding

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 Learning Theories
Cognitivism
Appropriate Technology:
E-Learning Platforms: Online courses with multimedia
content, quizzes, and discussion boards.
Simulations and Virtual Reality: Immersive environments for
practicing problem-solving skills.
Mind Mapping Software: Tools for visualizing and
organizing complex information.

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 Learning Theories
Constructivism
Constructivism posits that learners actively construct
knowledge and understanding through experiences,
interactions, and reflection. It emphasizes the role of prior
knowledge and social context in learning.
Key Figures: Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky, Jerome Bruner
Key Concepts: Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), social
interaction, scaffolding, active learning, reflective thinking

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 Learning Theories
Constructivism
Appropriate Technology:
Collaborative Tools: Online platforms for group projects and
discussions (e.g., Google Workspace, Microsoft Teams).
Blogs and Wikis: Platforms for creating and sharing content
collaboratively.
Video Conferencing: Facilitates real-time discussions and
peer-to-peer learning.

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 Learning Theories
Connectivism
Connectivism is a relatively modern perspective that views
learning as a networked process. It emphasizes the
importance of making connections between people,
information sources, and digital technologies to acquire and
update knowledge.
Key Figures: George Siemens, Stephen Downes
Key Concepts: Networks, nodes, digital connections,
knowledge dissemination, networked learning
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 Learning Theories
Connectivism
Appropriate Technology:
Social Media: Platforms for connecting with peers, experts,
and accessing a wide range of resources.
Learning Management Systems (LMS): Centralized
platforms for course content and communication.
Personal Learning Networks (PLN): Tools for curating and
sharing resources relevant to individual learning goals.

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 Learning Theories
Humanism
Humanism emphasizes the learner's autonomy, self-
directedness, and personal growth. It suggests that learners
have inherent motivation and a natural drive to learn.
Key Figures: Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers
Key Concepts: Self-actualization, self-directed learning,
learner-centered education, intrinsic motivation

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 Learning Theories
Humanism
Appropriate Technology:
Personalized Learning Software: Adaptive systems that
tailor content to individual needs (e.g., Khan Academy).
E-Portfolios: Platforms for students to showcase their work
and reflect on their learning journey.
Webinars and Online Seminars: Facilitate self-directed
exploration of topics.

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 Learning Theories
Experiential Learning
Experiential learning theory suggests that learning is most
effective when individuals engage in concrete experiences,
reflect on those experiences, and apply what they've learned
to new situations.
Key Figure: David A. Kolb
Key Concepts: Learning cycle (concrete experience,
reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, active
experimentation), hands-on learning
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 Learning Theories
Experiential Learning
Appropriate Technology:
Simulations and Serious Games: Hands-on, immersive
learning experiences.
Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR): Real-world
simulations and training scenarios.
Digital Journals and Blogs: Platforms for reflection and
documentation of experiences.

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 Learning Theories
Sociocultural Theory
Sociocultural theory, rooted in the work of Vygotsky,
emphasizes the role of social interaction and cultural context
in learning. It suggests that learning is a collaborative and
culturally mediated process.
Key Figure: Lev Vygotsky
Key Concepts: Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), social
interaction, cultural tools, apprenticeship

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 Learning Theories
Sociocultural Theory
Appropriate Technology:
Online Discussion Forums: Platforms for collaborative
learning and knowledge sharing.
Social Learning Platforms: Tools that enable communities of
learners to connect and exchange ideas.
Multilingual and Multicultural Resources: Diverse content
to accommodate various cultural backgrounds.

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 Summary
These theoretical perspectives on learning provide
diverse lenses through which to understand how
individuals acquire knowledge and skills. Educators
often draw upon multiple perspectives when
designing instructional strategies and learning
environments to meet the needs of diverse learners.

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 Summary
It's important to note that a blended approach,
combining multiple technologies and strategies, can
often be the most effective way to accommodate
diverse learners and align with different learning
theories. The choice of technology should also
consider the subject matter, learner characteristics,
and educational goals.

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