METHODS OF RESEARCH

Test I. Define the following terms:

1. Historical Research
2. Research
3. Independent Variables
4. Sampling Population
5. Primary Source
6. Validity
7. Reliability
8. Research Instrument
9. Purposive Sampling
10. Hypothesis

Test II. Make a research proposal based on your area of interest. Give the different
features of such proposal by stating clearly in paragraph forms the following parts:

1. Title of the study

2. Brief background of the need for such study
3. Statement of the Problem
4. Schematic Diagram of the study indicating the variables to be studied
5. Research Design
6. Respondents
7. Data gathering procedure
8. Statistical treatment

Test III. What do you include in the Bibliographic Notes?

1. For Books
2. For Magazines/ Journals
 COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION

Public Relations and Communications

Answer the following questions:

1. Explain the following statement: Motives are the “whys” of behavior.

2. How can a manager go about resolving an inter group conflict? Give some
examples.

3. Cite some reasons why people join groups.

4. Give the purposes of the following:

a.) Downward Communication

b.) Upward Communication

c.) Lateral Communication

d.) Diagonal Communication

5. In what way can perception be a communication barrier?

6. Describe the steps in the communication process.

7. Explain the essential elements in the communication process.

8. Are happy workers also productive workers? Explain.

9. Why is the management of diversity so important to study of human relations?

 Comprehensive Examination
Technology Application in Education

Test 1
Direction: In your answer sheet briefly answer the following queries.

1. Explain the importance of Educational Technology in contemporary society.(10pts)

Technology is everywhere and entwined in our daily lives so when technology in
the classroom is used correctly it opens up possibilities for more student learning.
I strive to make my classroom a fun, engaging place to learn every day. By
integrating technology into the classroom in a meaningful and purposeful way, I
am able to hold and sustain a student’s love for learning. Using technology in the
classroom has transformed me into an educator that is a conceptual thinker,
generator of ideas, and a self-starter.
Technology education has not only become a network of gathering and sharing
ideas, but also a platform for students and teachers to research, collaborate, and
differentiate. Technology integration offers educators ways to pace student
lessons based on the student’s level and multiple intelligence. Effective
technology integration must have at the interdisciplinary level in a way that
deepens and enhances student’s learning process. The benefits of implementing
technology integration into the classroom is active engagement taking place,
collaboration among peers, and connections to the real-world. Technology
education makes teaching and learning more meaningful and fun.

2. Consider two basic learning theories and principles of teaching and discuss how to create
a synergy among these theories / principles and educational technology to provoke the
most effective teaching-learning. Cite an example.(10pts)
Quality teaching and learning is the outcome of the interplay of many forces.
These include learning theories and principles, educational technology and
content as related to the characteristics of growth and development. It takes
intelligent decision to be able to integrate, coordinate and synchronize their
proven contributions to provoke the most effective teaching-learning.
Synergy is compounded words taken from synchronize and energy which
can be stated also as synchronized energy. The term is rather long though so some
parts are clipped to come up with the new term, synergy. This implies that energy
comes from various sources or factors which are made to act simultaneously upon
a certain teaching and learning situation. This has been taken to mean that the
effect of the individual factors or sources becomes more pronounced and felt if
they are in operation at the same time rather than if they act singly one after the
other. This is in line with Gestalt Psychology, which states that the sum of the
whole is greater than the sum of aggregate parts.
A. Constructivist Theory
This theory underscored that learning is an active process where
learners acquire and construct new ideas or concepts based on their past or
current knowledge and experiences (Brunner, 1986 cited by Madarcos, 2003).
Individual learners make new choices about what ideas or concepts they
should accept to fit into their established views of work, play, politics,
business, occupations, values and relationships.
The previous knowledge, concepts and views of students about an issue or
issues are the starting point of learning.
To create a synergy of basic learning theories and educational technology,
teachers should be grounded with specific pedagogical approaches and
strategies
B. Cognitive Learning Theory
This was popularized by Piaget. The term cognitive comes from the
Latin word cognoscere, which means the act or process of knowing. Cognition
therefore involves the higher mental processes like thinking, reasoning,
judging, inferring, interpreting, classifying and the like.
 Principle of Creativity and Innovation
This refers to the ability to produce an original concept or idea and
translate it to some forms of expression. When some aspects are changed to
pave the way for the introduction of new aspects, the original piece is
transformed to something new. Creativity is shown in this situation.
Creativity is a special talent, which most students and pupils have.
These are just waiting to be developed and appreciated. Give students the
chance to produce some projects involving educational technology.
 Principle of Discovery
This is what psychologist’s term as the “Aha” experience. Students are
elated at the thought of being able to discover by themselves the solutions to
the problems related to their topics and assignments. They feel so
accomplished if they are able to discover a process, a relationship or a pattern
of behavior with the least assistance from their teacher. This is a situation
where genuine learning happens. The cognitive and affective states of the
students are being involved and so the impact is very strong.
With ICT as tools for learning, students can be afforded with limitless
discoveries. Aside from the vast information that can be gathered from the
web, they can also get vast presentation formats in software which can
enhance their learning. They may learn to collaborate with their counterparts
in the world thru chat or e-mail. They can access the works of others and learn
 from them. They can also form a network and be a part of the communities of
learning.

3. Relate the concept of technology integration using Dale’s Cone of Experiences as

framework to the teacher’s role in facilitating student learning.(10pts)
Dale’s Cone of Experience is a visual model that is composed of eleven (11) stages
starting from concrete experiences at the bottom of the cone then it becomes more and
more abstract as it reach the peak of the cone. Also, according to Dale, the arrangement
in the cone is not based on its difficulty but rather based on abstraction and on the
number of senses involved. The experiences in each stages can be mixed and are
interrelated that fosters more meaningful learning.

According to one of the principles in the selection and use of teaching strategies, the
more senses that are involved in learning, the more and the better the learning will be but
it does not mean that concrete experience is the only effective experience that educators
should use in transferring knowledge to the learner. Like what was mentioned above, the
experiences in each stages can be mixed and are interrelated thus, a balance must be
achieved between concrete and abstract experiences in order to cater the and address all
the need of the learner in all the domains of development and in order to help each
learner in their holistic development.
4. Make a teaching plan ( any subject) showing middle level technology integration.(5pts)
Collaborative Class Blog – Set up a blog (WordPress, Blogger, Kidblog) for your class!
Come up with a fun title with your students and create different categories based on your
syllabus. For example, if you’re an English Teacher you can vote on a fun title like,
“Class 7B’s Book Reading Blogorama!” Create a tab for each book you read like
‘Brother’s Grimm, The Giver, Macbeth, etc…’ Ask your students a question in class and
have them write a short post either during the lesson or as a homework assignment. Have
them publish it the blog and tag it into the appropriate category.

5. Identify and discuss ICT capabilities in education. Cite at least 3 capabilities. (15pts)

6. Illustrate the process in producing an IM using the “Movie Maker program.(10pts)

Test 11.Multiple Choice

Direction: In your answer sheet, write the letter of the option that best answers/ completes
the following questions/statements.

1. Which of the following statements best defines Educational technology?

a. Educational Technology is the study and ethical practice of facilitating learning and
improving performance by creating, using and managing appropriate technological
processes and resources.
b. Educational Technology is an interactive abstract learning that includes the use of
various media like CD-ROMs.
 c. Educational Technology is a teaching strategy designed to counter discipline
problems in most classrooms caused by such factors as boredom.
d. all of the above

2. The use of media equipment like OHP, DLP and computers in teaching is the application of:
a. modern technology. c. paper technology.
b. mediated technology. d. educational technology.

3. One of the principles of designing educational technology emphasizes that IM should specify
the following EXCEPT_____.
a. content to be learned
b. techniques of presentation
c. mode of teaching associated with the techniques
d. classroom components

4. During the class the teacher must have a prepared detailed of activities to be unfolded with the
help of the instructional technology. It emphasizes the following EXCEPT :
a. The use of content in the material must be planned
b. IMs are tools designed for teachers and learners
c. Instruction will give in detail the use of content
d. IM must reflect the content or the subject matter

5. One of the concerns of the teacher is how to create a synergy among the different factors with
other educational technology. The term synergy implies…
a. Matching of pedagogy and learners
b. Synchronization of sync and energy
c. Independent learning
d. Energy comes from various sources which made to act simultaneously upon a
certain teaching and learning situation.

6. Educational Technology is very useful in the classroom. If properly selected and used it can
do the following EXCEPT_____.
a. arouse and sustain the interest and attention of the
students;
b. concretize concepts and ideas to promote meaningful learning;
c. provide self- activities for more interdependent learning;
d. increase the quality of learning while decreasing the time spent.

7. “Technology is made for the teacher and not the teacher for technology.” It means _______.
a. It is the teacher who determines how technology ought to be used in order to reap
the maximum benefits that come along with technology.
b. Technology contributes much to the improvement of the teaching-learning
process
c. Technology is for humanization of life
d. Technology is a substitute for unproductive teacher
8. What is demonstrated? The teacher schedules class movie viewing for the whole day to free
himself from teaching and so he can engaged in selling tickets for teacher’s rest and
recreation activity.
a. technology as bane c. technology as boon
b. technology is a blessing d. technology is partner in teaching

9. When technology serves as source and presenter of knowledge, it plays the role as _____.
a. a social medium to support learning c. a teacher
b. an intellectual partner d. an information vehicle

10. Which ONE demonstrates technology as partner in learning?

a. Students were asked to give a graphic presentation of the causes and effects of
integrating technology in education.
b. Students were assigned to conduct a teacher-interview and come up with a proposal
on how to maximize the use of low -tech materials and to present it using a video
presentation.
c. A and B
d. None from a and b

11. One of the considerations in evaluating IMs is its relevance. It means______.

a. The content of IMs must be related to the learning task and the maturity level of
students.
b. The IMs must be up to date for the student and teachers to be abreast with the
needs of time.
c. a and b
d. none from a and b

12. What guideline is behind this statement? “They may not see the trees because of
the forest”.
a. Write clearly and legibly on the board
b. Don’t crowd your notes on the board
c. A and b
d. None from a and b

13. IM stands for ______.

a. Intermediate Material c. Inactive Memory
b. Instructional Material d. International

14. EMC is a facility designed for housing and utilization of all educational media within the school. EMC
stands for…
a. Educational Media Center c. Electronic Media Center
b. Educational Multi-media Center d. electronic Multi-learning Center

15. In integrating computer programs in instruction, teachers should limit the time of drill and
practice to avoid boredom. It must be between :
a. 10-20 minutes c. 20-30 minutes
 b. 30-40 minutes d. 35-45 minutes

16. IT stands for…

a. Informative Teaching c. Information Technology
b. International Teaching d. Introduction to Technology

17. What level of integration is demonstrated? “Ms Besa wants to show photos in her science
class, but the pictures are small. She decides to use the computer, scan the photos for
computer projection to the class.”
a. middle level c. first level
b. basic d. lower level

18. What concept holds technology integration in instruction?

a. Technology occupies a position in the instructional process
b. Technology makes classroom exemplary
c. Technology promotes rote learning
d. All of the above

19. Which of the following guidelines is TRUE in technology integration?

a. Pedagogy dictates the ICT tools to be used
b. ICT tools dictates the method to be used
c. A and B
d. None for A and B

20. Recent changes have also occurred in the area of pedagogical theory and practice. It is now
accepted that the contribution of the computer to pedagogy makes up for ______.
a. good instruction b. time consuming
c. teaching-learning models d. lower level instruction

21. What consideration a teacher may remember in using technology in instruction?

a. The selected technology must give a true picture of the ideas it presents.
b. The selected technology must be appropriate to the age, intelligent and
experience of the learner
c. The selected technology must be in good and satisfactory condition
d. All of the above

22. Integrating technology with teaching means_____.

a. The use of computer in teaching
b. Teaching students with computer skills
c. The use of learning technologies to introduce and reinforce learning
d. All of the above

23. Video conferencing is an example of :

a. basic integration c. middle level integration
b. central instructional tool d. all of the above
24. What must be considered in the lay outing of animated media?
a. Speed of motion c. motion path
b. A and b d. none from a and b
c.
25. Information and communication technology cannot replace the teacher. The reason behind this
statement is:
a. Computer has an IQ of zero and depends in what man can input.
b. Garbage-in and garbage-out principle
c. Hypermedia can’t replace life’s experiences and learning from nature and life.
d. All of these

26. What is referred to as the modern extension of modern library?

a. EMC c. Internet
b. Web sites d. all of the above

27. Which of the following guidelines is not appropriate for evaluating computer-based
educational materials?
a. Evaluate resources using sound pedagogical principles.
b. Evaluate resources by attractive graphs, sounds, animation, pictures and video
clips.
c. Evaluate resources in terms of accuracy, coherence and logic of information.
d. Evaluate resources in terms of absence of biased materials.

28. The use of computer in instruction do not automatically result collaborative learning. Thus to
ensure collaborative learning the following teacher’s tasks are suggested
EXCEPT___________.
a. assigning students to mixed-ability team
b. establishing positive interdependence
c. helping groups process information
d. designing learning sites

29. When computer is used for manipulating information, visualizing one’s understanding and
building new knowledge, the computer is used as ________.
a. Information tool c. Constructive tool
b. Situating tool d. Communication tool

30. Which of the following tool works best in reinforcing learning through repetitive exercises
such that students can practice basic skills or knowledge in various subject areas?
a. CAI c. PC
b. CMI d. all of these

31. CAI stands for..

a. Computer Assisted Instruction
b. Computer Association Instrument
 c. Communication Assisted Instruction
d. Computer Institute of Instruction

32. What is referred to as a web application that combines data from more than one sources into a
single integrated tool.
a. mashups c. mapping
b. muti-channel learning d. Integration

33. What approach is demonstrated? In producing self-multimedia projects, students do the

presentation using text, graphs,photos,audio narration, interviews and video clips.
a. Movie maker c. communication tool
b. Instructive tool d. all of these

34. All are important features of media technology EXCEPT __________.

a. It provides an equal opportunity for students to learn.
b. Students are no longer limited by the walls of a classroom or the knowledge of
single textbook.
c. The world is available to most classrooms, even when students do not have their
own computer.
d. Students are encourage to make their own classroom

35. What instruction you will use if you want to save your presentation or movie to your local
computer or to a shared network location?
a. my computer b. recordable CD
c. brochureware d. wiki

36. Which of the following refers to the store-and-forward method of composing, sending,
receiving and storing messages over electronic communication systems?
a. Email and attachment b. blog
c. Interactive kiosk d. all of the above

37. In enriching lesson with the use of TV, the students should not be seated too near or too far
from the TV set. A 24-inch set means_______.
a. Students may position farther than 24 ft. from the TV set
b. Students should not stay farther than 24 ft. from the TV set
c. Students may stay 48ft away from the TV set
d. Students may stay 48ft nearer to the TV set

38. When TV is used as a supplementary enrichment, teacher should consider the following as
pre-viewing activities EXCEPT_____.
a. Put the film in context
b. Set the rules while viewing
c. Set goals and expectation
d. Ask students what they learned
 According to DALES CONE OF EXPERIENCE, People generally remember the
following:
39. _____% of what they do.
a. 90 b. 70
c. 30 d. 40

40. ____ % of what they read.

a. 10 b. 20
c. 30 d. 40