THEORIES AND

PRINCIPLES IN THE USE

AND DESIGN OF
TECHNOLOGY-DRIVEN
LESSON
Technology For Teaching and Learning 2
Dr. Jerry Campo
 GOOD DAY!
MARK RAY DELA CRUZ
YOUR PRESENTER
DEFINITION AND ROLE
OF THEORY AND PRINCIPLE IN
TECHNOLOGY DRIVEN-LESSON
 DEFINITION OF THEORY
- a set of principles on which the practice of an activity is
based.
- In education, theory explains the application,
interpretation and purpose of learning and education.
ROLE OF THEORY
Theory provides a basis to understand how people learn
and a way to explain, describe, analyze and predict
learning. In that sense, a theory helps us make more
informed decisions around the design, development and
delivery of learning.
 DEFINITION OF PRINCIPLE
-a fundamental source or basis of something.
-the chief guide to make teaching and learning intelligent
and productive.

ROLE OF PRINCIPLE
Principles explain educational processes.
They show how things are done and how
educational results are achieved.
 3 THEORIES
IN THE USE AND DESIGN OF
TECHNOLOGY-DRIVEN LESSON
(BEHAVIORISM, COGNITIVISM,
CONSTRUCTIVISM)
 BEHAVIORISM

●Behaviorism focuses on the idea that all behaviors

are learned through interaction with the environment.
Behaviorism is key for educators because it impacts
how students react and behave in the classroom, and
suggests that teachers can directly influence how their
students behave.
 PROPONENT OF BEHAVIORISM

JOHN WATSON
was an American psychologist
who popularized the scientific
theory of behaviorism,
establishing it as a psychological
school.
 APPLICATION OF BEHAVIORISM

●Behaviorism as an educational learning theory led to

the development of several aspects of instruction and
learning production, some of which we still use in
classrooms today, including direct instruction, lecture,
behavioral objective as classroom management,
behavioral reward system, positive reinforcement, and
individualized instruction, among other notions.
 APPLICATION OF BEHAVIORISM
A great example of Behaviorism in a purer sense
in Educational Technology is the website Brain
Pop.
 (2) Immediately
(1) instructional
followed by a short
website hosts videos
quiz, after which, based
that explain a
on the outcome,
variety of
students can assess their
educational topics
own understanding of
the video and content
(3) The results are material.
shown immediately
upon completion and (4) Students will be
provide explanations willing to put forth
to help students more effort after
better understand reinforcement of
higher scores
 COGNITIVISM

●It focuses on the mind, and more specifically,

mental processes such as thinking, knowing,
memory, and problem-solving, with the goal of
opening the “black box” of the human mind, the
process of which is deemed valuable and
necessary for learning to occur.
 COGNITIVISM

●Knowledge is approached as schema

constructions, and learning is viewed as a
change in the learner's schemata, or the
redefining of prior knowledge.
 PROPONENT OF COGNITIVISM
JEAN PIAGET
A Swiss psychologist and most
famously known for his theory of
cognitive development that looked
at how children develop
intellectually throughout the course
of childhood.
 APPLICATION OF COGNITIVISM

●The best way for a teacher to approach using

Cognitivism in the classroom is to ask questions to help
students refine their thinking and recognize where they
may be wrong. You want to approach topics that they
may think they already know and introduce some new
aspect to make them redefine something.
 APPLICATION OF COGNITIVISM

●Some great examples of Cognitivism in educational

technology can be found in online games and reinforcement
activities, such as sorting games, puzzles, and flashcards. These
games will often present prior knowledge schema in a
different method, thus creating disequilibrium and a need to
adapt and learn the new information in order to continue.
 APPLICATION OF COGNITIVISM
For example, the online resource Quizlet.
 (2) then taking
(1) creates a that list and
means of listing producing several
vocabulary, ways of practicing
pictures, and the previously
even known schemata,
including the
mathematical
incorporation of
procedures
audio and video.
 CONSTRUCTIVISM

●Constructivism, a derivative of Cognitivism, focuses on the

active role of the learner in the process of learning.
Constructivism has two major branches of thought:
Cognitivist constructivism that focuses on the individual's
efforts to acquire knowledge, and sociocultural
constructivism that talks about the acquisition or
enculturation of knowledge by a social group.
 CONSTRUCTIVISM

●They are not mutually exclusive, as learners are individuals who

are part of society, and can acquire knowledge through either
channel. It also says learners construct knowledge rather than
just passively take in information. As people experience the world
and reflect upon those experiences, they build their own
representations and incorporate new information into their pre-
existing knowledge (schemas).
PROPONENT OF CONSTRUCTIVISM
JEAN PIAGET

Psychologist and philosopher well

known for his epistemological
research. He is generally regarded
as "the great pioneer of the
constructivist theory of knowing".
 APPLICATION OF CONSTRUCTIVISM

●Many Constructivist activities are being presented in

professional development in-service and are being used
effectively within instructional pedagogy. Examples include
mind mapping, KWL charts, research projects, field trips,
and collaborative class activities including discussion, peer
critiquing, and sharing.
 APPLICATION OF CONSTRUCTIVISM

●Mind mapping has recently experienced a popularity

surge in education. There are several online resources for
creating Mind Maps either individually or by assigning
groups of students (who can work separately but
collaboratively). Some of these websites include: Popplet,
Mindmeister, Mindomo
 MIND MAPPING THROUGH ONLINE APPLICATIONS

Mindomo is a versatile
Popplet is a mind- MindMeister is an online
freemium
mapping application and mind mapping application
collaborative mind
graphic organizer that that allows its users to
mapping, concept
helps students think and visualize, share and present
mapping and outlining
learn visually. their idea via the cloud.
tool.
 4 PRINCIPLES
IN THE USE AND DESIGN OF
TECHNOLOGY-DRIVEN LESSON
 Principles of Effective Instruction

e. Provide social interaction

a. Assess prior knowledge f. Incorporate realistic
b. Consider individual contexts
differences g. Engage students in
c. State objective relevant practice
d. Develop metacognitive h. Offer frequent and timely
skills feedback
 Principles of Technology Utilization
1. Teachers are
expected to be
competent in the use 2. As a teacher, you will
of technology in their be expected to enhance
teaching. students’ abilities to
engage in the use of
technology to support
their learning.
 Principles of Media Utilization
1. Your teaching
approach should provide
students with
opportunities to explore
how these media
resources are used to
communicate their
knowledge.
 Principles of Text Utilization

Text is everywhere in
students learning. a. Font choice –
Designing good text- remember to select a
based materials clear font that helps
involves a few basic the learners to read
elements: the information
 Principles of Text Utilization

b. Background and c. Arrangement - Use

patterns – When space, text, styles,
putting a text, use and heading to help
backgrounds that are your learners find
not busy with information quickly
distracting images. and easily.
THANKS
FOR LISTENING!
GOODLUCK ON TAKING
THE EXAMINATION!
GODBLESS
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EVERYONE!
 RESOURCES
(1) https://www.lexico.com › definition › theory
(2)http://www.ucdoer.ie
(3) https://tarunagoel.blogspot.com/2017/08/why-we-need-learning-theories.html
(4) https://www.lexico.com/definition/principle
(5) https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/teaching/the-importance-of-principles-in-
teaching
(6) https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/teaching/the-importance-of-principles-in-
teaching
(7) https://edtechtheory.weebly.com/constructivism.html
(8) https://www.slideshare.net/osorio486/chapter-5-learning-theories-related-to-
educationa-technology