saqarTvelos universiteti

giorgi sordia

geopolitika
(Sesavali)
 geopolitikis gansazRvreba
• geopolitika warmoadgens mecnierebas, romelic swavlobs geografiis,
istoriis Tu sxvadasxva socialuri procesebis gavlenas politikaze;
• termini Sedgeba ori nawilisagan “geo”, rac niSnavs geografiuls, anu
geografiuli faqtorebis gavlenas politikaze, es faqtorebia – teritoria,
mdebareoba, sazRvrebi, reliefi da ase Semdeg. terminis meore
nawili “politika” ki niSnavs Zalauflebis mopovebas, sivrces da mis
aTvisebas;
• Tanamedrove etapze geopolitika naklebad aris dainteresebuli axali
teritoriebis aTvisebiT da is ufro orientirebulia arsebuli sivrceebis
gakontrolebaze;
• geopolitikis rogorc mecnierebisaTvis umTavresia saxelmwifos
Seswavla
 termini geopolitika pirvelad gamoiyena Svedma geografma
da politologma rudolf Celenma (1864-1922)

• Celeni gansazRvravda geopolitikas, rogorc mecnierebas

saxelmwifoze, rogorc geografiul organizmze, dakavSirebuls
sivrcesTan

Johan Rudolf Kjellén

 geopolitika da geostrategia

• geopolitikis rogorc Teoriis ZiriTadi funqciebia: msoflios

politikuri cvalebadobis suraTis gaazreba, msoflio politikis
aqtorebis urTierTdamokidebuleba, geopolitikuri ideebis
generireba, geopolitikuri Teoriebis Camoyalibeba;

• geostrategia asrulebs geopolitikuri Teoriebis cxovrebaSi

gansaxorcielebel funqcias
 geopolitikis Semadgeneli nawilebi

• geografiuli da demografiuli;

• istoriuli da politologiuri;

• ekonomikuri da informaciuli;

• samxedro strategiuli
 Tanamedrove geopolitikis mdgomareoba

• Tanamedrove geopolitika Tavis aTvlas iwyebs meore msoflio

omis dasrulebidan;

• Tanamedrove geopolitikas gansazRvravs politikis kavSiri

sivrcesTan;

• sivrce Sedgeba sami sferosagan: geosfero (xmeleTi),

hidrosfero (wyali), atmosfero (haeri)
msoflios geografiuli mowyobis da istoriuli tipologiis gaTvaliswinebiT
geopolitika xasiaTdeba fundamenturi dualizmiT

• dualizmi gamoixateba saxmeleTo (Telurokratiis) da sazRvao

(Talasokratiis) mmarTvelobebis dapirispirebaSi;
• saxmeleTo mmarTveloba dakavSirebulia sivrcis mdgradobasTan.
misi maxasiaTebeli Tvisebebia konservatizmi, misTvis ucxoa
individualizmi, Tavisufali bazari. axasiaTebs koleqtivizmi da
ierarqizmi;
• sazRvao mmarTveloba warmoadgens sapirispiro Rirebulebebze
dafuZnebul civilizaviur tips, axasiaTiebs samrewvelo-teqnologiuri
progresisken swrafva, individualoba da Tavisufali samewarmeo
bazari
 geopolitikuri dualizmi asaxulia cnobili ingliseli geografis da
geopolitikosis halford makinderis (1862-1946) TeoriaSi

• makinderi geopolitikis erT-erT mamamTavrad iTvleba, romlis

fundamenturi naSromi am sferoSi “istoriis geografiuli RerZi” (The
Geographical Pivot of History) gamoqveynda 1904 wels. makinderis
cnobili Teoria cnobilia Heartland-is Teoriis saxeliT (Suamdebare
miwis Teoria)

Halford John Mackinder

 makinderis mixedviT dedamiwa iyofa Semdeg
nawilebad
• “Sidakontinenturi miwa”, (World Island) romelic istoriul geografiul
RerZs qmnis da saxmeleTo civilizacias warmoadgens. is moicavs
evraziis kontinents da yvelaze mdidaria Tavisi bunebrivi wiaRiseulebiT;
• “sanapiro zona”, (Offshore Islands) Sida anu kontinenturi
naxevarmTvare”, romelic Sidakontinenturi miwis garSemo mdebare
sazRvao saxelmwifoebs moicavs;
• “gare anu kunZulovani naxevarmTvare” (Outlying Islands) romelic
moicavs CrdiloeT da samxreT amerikas da avstralias
• Heartland-i anu Suamdebare miwa mdebareobs Sidakontinenturi miwis
SuagulSi
makinderis ruka (Heartland-is Teoria)
makinderis ruka (Heartland-is Teoria)
 makinderis mTavari geopolitikuri Teoria
gamoxatulia mis Semdeg TezisSi

“vinc marTavs aRmosavleT evropas eufleba Suamdebare

miwas, vinc marTavs Suamdebare miwas, eufleba kontinets,
vinc marTavs kontinets akontrolebs mTel samyaros”

(Who rules East Europe commands the Heartland; who rules the
Heartland commands the World-Island, who rules the World-
Island controls the world)
didi madloba!