TOPIC

VECTOR CACULAS

Presented by
AMAN KUMAR SHAW
 CONTENTS

 INTRODUCTION
 SCALAR FIELD
 VECTOR FIELD
 DOT PRODUCT
 CROSS PRODUCT
 GRADIENT
 DIVERGENCE
 CURL
 SOLENOIDAL & IRROTATIONAL VECTOR
 REFFERENCE
 INTRODUCTION

Vector Calculus, also known as vector analysis, deals with the

differentiation and integration of vector field, especially in the
three-dimensional Euclidean space. Vector fields represent the
distribution of a vector to each point in the subset of space.It is
also known as multivariable calculas.
 SCALAR FIELD

A scalar field is a mathematical function that assigns a

scalar value (a single numerical quantity) to every point
in space. In physics, scalar fields are used to describe
quantities such as temperature or density that have
magnitude but no direction.
 VECTOR FIELD

A vector field is a mathematical concept used in physics and

mathematics to associate a vector with every point in a space.
Essentially, it assigns a vector (which has both magnitude and
direction) to each point in a region, representing a function that
varies across the space
 DOT PRODUCT

The dot product of two vectors is the sum of the products of their
corresponding components. For vectors {a} = [a1, a2,……..,an] and
{b}=[b1,b2,……..,bn] the dot product a.b is given by [a1.b1+a2.b2+……………
+an.bn].
A geometric interpretation of the dot product is also possible. Take any two
vectors 𝐴 and 𝐵, place the vectors tail-to-tail, and impose a coordinate
system with origin at the tails such that 𝐴 is parallel to the x-axis and 𝐵 lies
in the x-y plane. The angle between the two vectors is denoted as 𝜃. Then in
this coordinate system, 𝐴 = |𝐴𝑖
| , 𝐵 = |𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠
| 𝜃𝑖 + |𝐵𝑠𝑖
| 𝑛 𝜃𝑗 , and 𝐴 · 𝐵 = |𝐴||𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠
|
𝜃
 CROSS PRODUCT

The cross product (or vector product) of two vectors 𝑎, 𝑏 is denoted by 𝑎 × 𝑏.

Let 𝜃 be the angle between 𝑎 and 𝑏. Then 𝑎 × 𝑏 = |𝑎||𝑏| 𝑠𝑖 𝑛 𝜃. 𝑛̂, where 𝑛̂ is the
unit vector perpendicular to both 𝑎 and 𝑏.
Again, we define the cross product (or vector product) between two vectors 𝐴
= 𝐴1𝑖 + 𝐴2𝑗 + 𝐴3𝑘 and 𝐵 =𝐵1𝑖 + 𝐵2𝑗 + 𝐵3𝑘 as
𝐴× 𝐵= 𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
𝐴1 𝐴2 𝐴3
𝐵1 𝐵2 𝐵3
= 𝑖 (𝐴2𝐵3 − 𝐴3𝐵2) − 𝑗 (𝐴1𝐵3 − 𝐴3𝐵1) + 𝑘(𝐴1𝐵2 − 𝐴2𝐵1)
 GRADIENT

The gradient of a function is defined to be a vector field. Generally, the

gradient of a function can be found by applying the vector operator to
the scalar function. (∇f (x,y,z)). This kind of vector field is known as the
gradient vector field.
Gradient of Function in Three Dimensions:
If the function is f(x, y, z), then the gradient of a function in the three
dimensions is given by
𝑖 𝜕𝑓 + 𝑗 𝜕𝑓 +𝑘 𝜕𝑓
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
= 𝑖 𝜕 + 𝑗 𝜕 + 𝑘𝜕 𝑓
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
 DIVERGENCE
Let 𝐹 be any continuously differentiable vector point function. Then
the scalar function is called the divergence of 𝐹 and is written as
𝑑𝑖 𝑣 𝐹.
𝑖 .𝜕𝑓 + 𝑗 .𝜕𝑓 +𝑘.𝜕𝑓
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
In terms of the operator 𝛻, we write 𝑑𝑖 𝑣 𝐹 = 𝛻. 𝐹 . Thus 𝑑𝑖 𝑣 𝐹 is a
scalar product of 𝛻 and 𝐹 and hence it is a scalar
 CURL
The vector function is called the curl of 𝐹 and is written as 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 𝐹 or
𝑟𝑜𝑡 𝐹.
𝑖 𝜕𝑓 + 𝑗 𝜕𝑓 +𝑘 𝜕𝑓
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
In terms of the operator 𝛻, we write 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 𝐹 = 𝛻 × 𝐹 . Thus 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 𝐹 is a
vector product of 𝛻 and 𝐹 and hence it is a vector
SOLENOIDAL & IRROTATIONAL VECTOR

Consider a vector field F with on a domain .

If ∇ F=0 then F is called irrotational or curl F=0.
If ∇ F=0 then F is called solenoidal or div F=0.
 REFFERENCE

To make this presentation I took help from the

GOOGLE,BRAINWARE’S MODULE.

Special thanks to SAYANDEEP SIR for guiding me to make this

presentation.
THANK YOU