Mr. June U.

Basarte
 The truth table of a simple statement is
either true (T) or false (F).
 The truth value of a compound statement
depends on the truth values of its simple
statements and its connectives.

 A truth table is a table that shows the truth

value of a compound statement for all
possible truth values of its simple statements.
 Since a proposition has two possible
truth values.

P
T (1)
F (0)

 Example #1:
 For propositions p and q, we have
the following table
p q
T (1) T (1)
T (1) F (0)
F (0) T (1)
F (0) F (0)
 Example #2:
 Suppose p q and r are the propositions,
then a truth table involving the given
propositions has 8 rows.
p q r
T T T
T T F
T F T
T F F
F T T
F T F
F F T
F F F
 Types of logical connectors

1. Negation (not)

 The negation of a proposition p is

denoted by

p
T F
F T
Write the negation of each statement.
Example #1:
𝑝 1 : 2𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑑𝑑 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 .
𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟 : 𝑝1 :2 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑑𝑑 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 .
Example #2:
 Types of logical connectors
2. Conjunction (and)
 The conjunction of a proposition p is denoted
by p

p q p
T (1) T (1) T
T (1) F (0) F
F (0) T (1) F
F (0) F (0) F
 Example:

Given: Let p and q be the following

propositions.
p: Today is Friday
q: It is raining
Find;
a. p
b. p
Given: Let p and q be the following
propositions.
p: Today is Friday
q: It is raining
Find;
a. p
b. p
Solution:
a. p Today is Friday and it is raining.
b. p: Today is Friday and it is not raining.
 Types of logical connectors
3. Disjunction (or)

 The disjunction of a proposition p and q is

denoted by p

p q p
T (1) T (1) T
T (1) F (0) T
F (0) T (1) T
F (0) F (0) F
Given: Let p and q and r be the following
propositions.
p: June has a date with Liza.
q: Allen is sleeping.
r: Aaron is eating.
Find;
a. p

Solution:
a. June has a date with Liza or Allen is
sleeping.
Given: Let p and q and r be the following
propositions.
p: June has a date with Liza.
q: Allen is sleeping.
r: Aaron is eating.
Find;
b. q
Solution:
a. Allen is sleeping, or Aaron is not eating.
Given: Let p and q and r be the following
propositions.
p: June has a date with Liza.
q: Allen is sleeping.
r: Aaron is eating.
Find;
c. p v (q v r)
Solution:
a. June has a date with Liza, or Allen is
sleeping or Aaron is eating.
Given: Let p and q and r be the following
propositions.
p: June has a date with Liza.
q: Allen is sleeping.
r: Aaron is eating.
Find;
d. Either June has a date with Liza or Allen
is sleeping, or Aaron is eating.

Solution:
a. P v q v r
 Types of logical connectors
4. Conditional
 The conditional of a proposition p and q is
denoted by p and is defined through its truth table.

p q p
T T T
T F F
F T T
F F T
 Example:
Given:
Suppose that Sachi is a Grade 11, consider the
following conditionals.

: If Sachi is in Grade 11, then she is a senior

high school student.
: If Sachi is in Grade 11, then she is working as
a lawyer.
: If Sachi has a degree in computer science,
then she believes in true love,
Given:
Suppose that Sachi is a Grade 11, consider the following
conditionals.

: If Sachi is in Grade 11, then she is a senior high school

student.
: If Sachi is in Grade 11, then she is working as a lawyer.
: If Sachi has a degree in computer science, then she
believes in true love,
p q p
SOLUTION:
T T T
a. is TRUE; as the first row of T F F
the truth table asserts. F T T
F F T
Given:
Suppose that Sachi is a Grade 11, consider the following
conditionals.

: If Sachi is in Grade 11, then she is a senior high school

student.
: If Sachi is in Grade 11, then she is working as a lawyer.
: If Sachi has a degree in computer science, then she
believes in true love,
p q p
SOLUTION:
T T T
b. is FALSE; as the second row T F F
of the truth table indicates. F T T
F F T
Given:
Suppose that Sachi is a Grade 11, consider the following
conditionals.

: If Sachi is in Grade 11, then she is a senior high school

student.
: If Sachi is in Grade 11, then she is working as a lawyer.
: If Sachi has a degree in computer science, then she
believes in true love,

SOLUTION: p q p
T T T
c. is TRUE; regardless of the
T F F
truth value of its conclusion F T T
according to the last 2 rows of the F F T
truth table.
p q r p q r p˄q q˄r pr

T T T

T T F

T F T

T F F

F T T

F T F

F F T

F F F
Drill: p = Tristan is a math teacher
q = Ram is a basket ball player
r = Alexis is a singer
Find;
6. q
1. p ˄ q 7. q
2. q v p ˄ r 8. q
3. q
4. p
5. q