Cuba, located where the northern

Caribbean sea, gulf of Mexico, and the

Atlantic ocean meet(Creative
CUBA
Commons Attribution/ShareAlike) Has
a relatively low growth rate
at -0.393% in 2021. Since 1966, its
growth rate has been between 2 and -
0.393% (“Cuba - Place Explorer - Data
Commons”)
Its current population is 11.189 million Mali, officially known as the republic of mali
MALI
Population growth rate of mali is 3.158 %
(WorldOMeter) is a country in west Africa with a population
of 21.9 million (Wikipedia Contributors).
(“Mali - Place Explorer - Data
Cuba-Map-Flag.png (600×6 Commons”)
00) (freesvg.org)
population of Cuba This Photo by Unknown Author is (“Mali - Place Explorer - Data Commons”)
licensed under CC BY-NC

Causes of low population rate: Causes of high population growth rate in Mali :
1)High literacy rate of women
population growth rate of Cuba - the adult literacy rate of women in 2021 is 99.7. (“Cuba”) Educated 1)Nearly constant fertility rate and decreasing death rate.
women tend to have less children as they are more likely to work than This means that the number of children being born is nearly constant
uneducated women. but the number of people dying has reduced thus less people
are dying, and thus the population is increasing at a very good pace.
2)A very low infant morality rate
infant morality rate=4 in 1000. (The World Bank Group) 2) Low literacy rate amongst women (“Population Growth in Mali”)
it is the number of infant deaths for every 1,000 live births. This results in people Literacy rate of women in Mali is about 22.1% ( The World Bank Group) which is very less. According to researches it is
having less children as they assume that their children would live longer. found out that uneducated women tend to have more children thus Mali is experiencing a growth in the rate of
(“Cuba - Place Explorer -
Data Commons”) population and, in the increased adolescent fertility rate.
( The World Bank Group)

3) Religion and culture Survey for Mali in 2013 stated that 76%
of women and 54% of men believed
It is often observed that most religions promote people to have more children. As 95% , 5%, 5% of Malians follow Islam Christianity, physical harm towards women was
acceptable if the women burnt food,
3) A declining birth rate indigenous religions respectively, (Wikipedia Contributors) we observe that religion plays a crucial role in the population trend of Mali. argued back, went out without notifying
her husband, or refused sexual relations

(Macrotrends LLC ) The current birth rate for Cuba in 2023 is 9.409 births per 1000 people, Almost 60% of people in Mali are rural; (“Mali - Place Explorer - Data Commons”) high levels of illiteracy amongst them; gender inequality with her husband.

a 1.69% decline from 2022. (Macrotrends LLC ). Due to decline in the number patriarchal culture (Wikipedia Contributors) all of them also play a crucial role in the high population growth of population. (Wikipedia Contributors)
of births the population growth rate of Cuba has declined drastically, and it is
also one of the reasons why Cuba has an aging population.
CONSEQUENCES OF LOW POPULATION GROWTH

1)GDP per capita has increased CONSEQUENCES OF HIGH POPULATION GROWTH:

as there is comparatively less growth of number of people, the consumption by the people also seems to fall (The World Bank Group, “GDP per Capita
1)Poverty
(Current US$) - Cuba | Data”)
thus allowing Cuba to increase its export and thus increase their GDP per capita. It is ranked 175th out of 188 countries on the United Nations Development Programme’s 2016 Human Development Index. (Canada) 42.1%
percent population of Mali is below the national poverty line; this is equivalent to about 8.3 million poor in 2018/19. A main reason for this is
the growing population, and Mali being a low-income country. Due to the increase in the population the per capita income reduces thus poverty
2)Unemployment has been seen decreasing increases.
Due to the negative population growth rate the population is decreasing but the job opportunities are not 3) Road accidents
decreasing thus Cuba is increasingly been able to provide job to more and more people, thus steadily killing As the population peaks, people ae migrating from rural areas to the
unemployment. urban areas like Bamako. But the infrastructure and the road and traffic
control systems are not improving thus resulting in an increase in the car
(TRADING ECONOMICS) accidents and the death caused by it. In 2020 Road
Traffic Accidents Deaths in Mali reached 4,465 or 3.26% of total deaths.
(SSATP)
3)CO2 gas emission has been constant or dropped (SSATP)
since 1990 the population growth rate has been seen to be decreasing and the CO2 gas emission since has either seen to be 2)Heath
nearly constant or has decreased. This is due to the fall in the increase in the number of humans who are undeniably a The life expectancy in Mali is quite trifling that is 58.63 compared to the 72.27 of the world. (“Earth - Place Explorer -
prominent cause for this pollution. Data Commons”) (“Mali - Place Explorer - Data Commons”).Due to the over accommodation of people the country
(TRADING ECONOMICS, “Cuba CO2 Emissions - 2023 Data - suffers from malnutrition and inadequate hygiene and sanitation(“Mali”). Only 16% of the population in Mali can use
2024 Forecast - 1960-2022 Historical - Chart - News”) safely managed sanitary services (UNICEF).
 Works Cited

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Canada, Global Affairs. “Results around the World – Mali.” GAC, 1 Oct. 2018, www.international.gc.ca/gac-amc/publications/odaaa-lrmado/mali.aspx?lang=eng.

Creative Commons Attribution/ShareAlike. “Cuba (Land).” Wikipedia, 18 June 2023, nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba_(land). Accessed 29 Sept. 2023.

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The World Bank Group. “GDP per Capita (Current US$) - Cuba | Data.” Worldbank.org, 2010, data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?locations=CU.

---. “Mortality Rate, Infant (per 1,000 Live Births) - Cuba | Data.” Data.worldbank.org, 2023, data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.IMRT.IN?locations=CU.

TRADING ECONOMICS. “Cuba CO2 Emissions - 2023 Data - 2024 Forecast - 1960-2022 Historical - Chart - News.” Tradingeconomics.com, 2023, tradingeconomics.com/cuba/co2-emissions.

Accessed 1 Oct. 2023.

---. “Cuba Unemployment Rate | 1991-2019 Data | 2020-2021 Forecast | Historical | Chart.” Tradingeconomics.com, 2023, tradingeconomics.com/cuba/unemployment-rate.

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https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba_(land)
https://datacommons.org/place/country/CUB/?utm_medium=explore&mprop=count&popt=Person&hl=en

https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/cuba-population/

https://genderdata.worldbank.org/countries/cuba/#:~:text=82.9%25%20of%20girls%20and%2081,the%20upper%2Dmiddle%
20income%20group
.

https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.IMRT.IN?locations=CU

https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/cuba-population/
https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/CUB/cuba/gdp-per-capita

https://tradingeconomics.com/cuba/labor-force-total-wb-data.html

https://databankfiles.worldbank.org/public/ddpext_download/poverty/987B9C90-CB9F-4D93-AE8C-750588BF00QA/
SM2020/Global_POVEQ_MLI.pdf